Body systems PDF
Preview Body systems
Body Systems Jacqueline L. Longe EDITOR ©2014Gale,CengageLearning ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.Nopartofthisworkcoveredbythecopyrightherein maybereproduced,transmitted,stored,orusedinanyformorbyany WCN:01-100-101 meansgraphic,electronic,ormechanical,includingbutnotlimitedto BodySystems photocopying,recording,scanning,digitizing,taping,Webdistribution, informationnetworks,orinformationstorageandretrievalsystems,except ProjectEditor:JacquelineL.Longe aspermittedunderSection107or108ofthe1976UnitedStatesCopyright Editorial:KristinKey,DonnaBatten Act,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher. ProductManager:JudyGalens Forproductinformationandtechnologyassistance,contactusat IndexingServices:LauraDorricott GaleCustomerSupport,1-800-877-4253. RightsAcquisitionandManagement:Sheila Forpermissiontousematerialfromthistextorproduct, R.Spencer submitallrequestsonlineatwww.cengage.com/permissions. Furtherpermissionsquestionscanbeemailedto Composition:EviAbou-El-Seoud [email protected] Manufacturing:WendyBlurton Imaging:JohnWatkins Whileeveryefforthasbeenmadetoensurethereliabilityofthe ProductDesign:KristineJulien informationpresentedinthispublication,Gale,apartofCengageLearning, doesnotguaranteetheaccuracyofthedatacontainedherein.Galeaccepts nopaymentforlisting;andinclusioninthepublicationofanyorganization, agency,institution,publication,service,orindividualdoesnotimply endorsementoftheeditorsorpublisher.Errorsbroughttotheattentionof thepublisherandverifiedtothesatisfactionofthepublisherwillbe correctedinfutureeditions. LIBRARYOFCONGRESSCATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATIONDATA Bodysystems/JacquelineL.Longe,editor.--Firstedition. volumescm Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN-13:978-1-57302-718-2(hardcover:alk.paper:set) ISBN-10:1-57302-718-9(set)ISBN-13:978-1-57302-719-9 (hardcover:alk.paper:v.1)ISBN-10:1-57302-719-7(v.1)[etc.] 1. Humanphysiology.2. Humanbody.3. Humanbodyandtechnology. I. Longe,JacquelineL. QP34.5.B6282014 612--dc23 2013048423 Gale 27500DrakeRd. FarmingtonHills,MI,48331-3535 ISBN-13:978-1-57302-718-2(set) ISBN-13:978-1-57302-719-9(vol.1) ISBN-13:978-1-57302-720-5(vol.2) Thistitleisalsoavailableasane-book. ISBN-13:978-1-57302-721-2 ContactyourGale,apartofCengageLearningsalesrepresentativefor orderinginformation. Printed in China 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 18 17 16 15 14 Contents List of Topics by Body System vii ................................................................................................. About This Book xvii ............................................................................................................................. Advisors xix ..................................................................................................................................................... Contributors xxi .......................................................................................................................................... VOLUME 1 Cardiovascular system 1 ........................................................................................................................ Digestive system 65 ................................................................................................................................. Endocrine system 109 ............................................................................................................................ Hematologic and lymphatic system 175 .................................................................................. Immune system 221 ................................................................................................................................ Integumentary system 295 ................................................................................................................. Muscular system 315 .............................................................................................................................. VOLUME 2 Nervous system 369 ................................................................................................................................ Reproductive system: female 425 .................................................................................................. Reproductive system: male 507 ...................................................................................................... Respiratory system 553 ......................................................................................................................... Sensory system 615 .................................................................................................................................. Skeletal system 671 .................................................................................................................................. Urinary system 715 .................................................................................................................................. v Contents Organizations 735 ..................................................................................................................................... Glossary 745 .................................................................................................................................................. Index 777 ........................................................................................................................................................ vi BODY SYSTEMS List of Topics by Body System Cardiovascular Neonatal circulation Oxygen transportation Aerobic training Pacemaker Anemia Peripheral vascular disease Angina Plasma Aorta Platelets Aortic aneurysm Red blood cells Arrhythmias Smoking cessation Arteries Stress test Atherosclerosis Spleen Balloon angioplasty Superior vena cava Blood Tetralogy of Fallot Brachycardia Varicose veins Capillaries Veins Cardiac cycle White blood cells Cardiac rehabilitation Cardiac valves Cardiologist Cardiomyopathy Digestive Conduction system of the heart Absorption Congenital heart defects Anus Congestive heart failure Appendicitis Coronary artery bypass surgery Appendix Coronary artery disease Barrett’s esophagus DASH diet Bile Deep vein thrombosis Botulism Electrocardiography Carbohydrates Embryology of circulatory system Celiac disease Exercise Cholecystitis Fetal circulation Cirrhosis Heart Colitis Hypertension Colorectal cancer Low-fat diet Constipation Mediterranean diet Crohn’s disease Metabolic syndrome Descending colon Mitral valve prolapse Diarrhea Myocardial infarction Digestion vii List of Topics by Body System Digestive juices Peptic ulcer Diverticulitis Peritoneum Diverticulosis Protein Duodenal ulcer Pyloric stenosis Dysentery Rectum Dyspepsia Salivary glands Dysphagia Salmonellosis Elimination Segmentation Endoscopy Sodium Enteric nervous system Stomach Enteritis Stomach cancer Enzymes Stomachache Escherichia coli Toxoplasmosis Esophagitis Ulcerative colitis Esophagus Vitamins Fats Food allergy Foodborne illness Endocrine Gallbladder Acromegaly Gallstones Addison’s disease Gastritis Adrenal glands Gastroenteritis Adrenal insufficiency Gastroenterologist Bio-identical hormones Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Blood sugar test GI bleed Congenital adrenal hyperplasia Gluten-free diet Cushing’s syndrome H. pylori Diabetes insipidus Heartburn Diabetes mellitus Hemorrhoids Endocrinologist Hepatitis Goiter Hereditary nonpolyposis Graves’ disease Hirschsprung’s disease Growth hormones Hiatal hernia Hashimoto’s thyroiditis Hydration Homeostasis Indigestion Hormone production Inflammatory bowel disease Hormone replacement therapy Ingestion Hyperthyroidism Inguinal hernia Hypoglycemia Intestines Hypopituitarism Irritable bowel syndrome Hypothalamus Jaundice Hypothyroidism Lactase deficiency Insulin Listeriosis Low-fat diet Liver Mediterranean diet Liver cancer Menopause Liver failure Metabolic syndrome Meckel’s diverticulum Obesity Nausea and vomiting Ovaries Noroviruses Pancreas Obesity Parathyroid gland Oral cancer Pheochromocytoma Pancreas Pineal gland Pancreatic cancer Pituitary gland Pancreatitis Pituitary tumor viii BODY SYSTEMS List of Topics by Body System Precocious puberty Allergies Regulation of hormone secretion Allergist Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone Anaphylactic reaction secretion (SIADH) Antibodies Sugar substitutes Antigens Target tissue Asthma Testes Autoimmune disorders Thymus Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Thyroid Autoimmune hepatitis Thyroid cancer Basophil Thyroiditis Biology of cancer Yoga Bone marrow Cancer Cancer screening Hematologicandlymphatic Carcinogens Cell-mediated immunity Anemias Cellular differentiation Blood circulation Chemical messengers Blood tranfusion Chemotaxis Bone marrow Contact dermatitis Bone marrow transplantation Dendritic cells Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) Desensitization Elephantiasis Diabetes mellitius type 1 Hematologist Eosinophils Hematopoiesis Fever Hodgkin disease Glomerulonephritis Infectious mononucleosis Goodpasture’s syndrome Influenza vaccination Graves’ disease Interstitial fluid Guillian-Barre syndrome Leukemias Hashimoto’s thyroiditis Lymph Hives Lymph nodes Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Lymphadenopathy Humoral immunity Lymphatic capillaries Hypersensitivity reaction Lymphatic ducts Immune response Lymphatic filariasis Immunocompetence Lymphedema Immunoglobulins Lymphoma Immunologist Multiple myeloma Innate immunity Myelodysplastic syndrome Inflammation Neutropenia Inflammatory response Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Leukocytes Oncologist Leukotrienes Sickle cell disease Lymph nodes Spleen Lymphocytes T lymphocytes Macrophages Thrombocytopenia Mast cells Thymus Metastasis White blood cells Monocytes Multiple sclerosis Immune Neutrophils Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) Patch testing Acquired immunity Pathogens Addison’s disease Plasma cell BODY SYSTEMS ix List of Topics by Body System Prostoglandins Pressure sores Rheumatoid arthritis Psoriasis Safe sex Rosacea Scleroderma Shingles Seven signs of cancer Skin Spleen Skin cancer Systemic lupus erythematosus Skin checks Thymus Skin color Thyroiditis Skin self-exam Tonsils Skin tears Tumor-associated antigens Sleep Urticaria Squamous cell carcinoma Vaccination Sun damage Sunburn Sunscreen Integumentary Sweat glands Acne Vitiligo Alopecia Warts Apocrine glands Wrinkles Artificial skin Athlete’s foot Muscular Bacterial infections Body temperature Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) regulation Anabolic steroid use Boils Atrophy Botox injections Botox injections Bruising Bursae Burns Cardiac muscle Collagen Carpal tunnel syndrome Dermatitis Cerebral palsy Dermatologist Contractures Dermis Exercise Eccrine glands Facial expression Eczema Fascia Elasticity Fibromyalgia Epidermis Isometric contraction Exercise Isometric exercise Fat Isotonic contraction Fibroblasts Isotonic exercise Gangrene Ligaments Hair Low back pain Hypodermis Massage therapy Infection protection Movement Insect bites Multiple sclerosis Keratinocytes Muscle spasm and cramps Melanin Muscular dystrophy Melanocytes Myasthenia gravis Melanoma Myofibrils Methicillin-resistant staph aureus (MRSA) Neuromuscular junction Moles Orthopedist Nails Posture Necrotising fasciitis Repetitive strain injury Non-melanoma skin cancer Resistance training Pre-malignant conditions Rotator cuff injury x BODY SYSTEMS List of Topics by Body System Sarcomeres Myelin Sarcopenia Nerves Skeletal muscles Neurologist Smooth muscles Neurons Sprains Neurosurgeons Strains Neurotransmitters Stretching Omega-3 fatty acids Tendons Parkinson’s disease Torn muscle Peripheral nervous system Weight training Peripheral neuropathy Yoga Polio Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Nervous Psychiatrist Psychologist Alzheimer’s disease Psychotherapy Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Rabies Aneurysm Reflex arc Anxiety disorders Rubella Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Sacral nerves Autism spectrum disorder Schwann cells Autonomic nervous system Sciatica Axons Seizures Bell’s palsy Bipolar disorder Sensory functions Spinal cord Blood-brain barrier Spinal cord injury Brain Brain tumor Spinal degeneration Stroke Carpal tunnel syndrome Subarachnoid hemorrhage Central nervous system Cerebral palsy Subdural hemorrhage Synapses Cerebrospinal fluid Tetanus Cervical spondylosis Cluster headaches Thoracic nerves Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) Cranial nerves Dementia Depression Reproductive: Female Encephalitis Epilepsy Accessory organs Glial cells Birth control Head trauma Breast biopsy Headaches Breast cancer Hematoma Breast self-exam Huntington’s disease Breasts Hypothalamus Candidiasis Lumbar nerves Cervical cancer Macronutrients Cervix Memory exercises Cesarean section Meningitis Conception Mental disorders Cystocele Micronutrients Eclampsia Migraines Ectopic pregnancy Motor neuron diseases Endometriosis Motor functions Fallopian tubes Multiple sclerosis Genital herpes Myasthenia gravis Genital warts BODY SYSTEMS xi
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