Body Area Networks: Safety, Security, and Sustainability

161 Pages·2013·2.37 MB·English

by  Professor Sandeep K. S. Gupta

more information – www.cambridge.org/9781107021020

BodyAreaNetworks
Safety,Security,andSustainability
Body area networks (BANs) are networks of wireless sensors and medical devices
embeddedinclothing,wornonorimplantedinthebody,andhavethepotentialtorev-
olutionize healthcare by enabling pervasive healthcare. However, due to their critical
applications affecting human health, challenges arise when designing them to ensure
they are safe for the user, sustainable without requiring frequent battery replacements,
and secure from interference and malicious attacks. This book lays the foundations of
howBANscanberedesignedfromacyber-physicalsystemsperspective(CPS)toover-
come these issues. Introducing cutting-edge theoretical and practical techniques, and
takingintoaccounttheuniqueenvironment-coupledcharacteristicsofBANs,thebook
examines how we can re-imagine the design of safe, secure, and sustainable BANs. It
features real-world case studies, with suggestions for further investigation and project
ideas, making it invaluable for anyone involved in pervasive and mobile healthcare,
telemedicine,medicalapps,andothercyber-physicalsystems.
SANDEEP KUMAR SHRINATH GUPTA is Professor, Founding Chair of the Computer
Engineering Graduate Program, and Director of the IMPACT Lab, School of Com-
puting, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering (SCIDSE), Arizona State
University,USA.
TRIDIB MUKHERJEE is a Research Scientist at Xerox Research Centre, Bangalore,
India.
KRISHNA KUMAR VENKATASUBRAMANIAN is an Assistant Professor at the Worcester
PolytechnicInstitute,Massachusetts,USA.

Body Area Networks
Safety, Security, and Sustainability
SANDEEP K. S. GUPTA
ArizonaStateUniversity,USA
TRIDIB MUKHERJEE
XeroxResearchCentre,India
KRISHNA KUMAR VENKATASUBRAMANIAN
WorcesterPolytechnicInstitute,USA
CAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITYPRESS
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LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationdata
Gupta,SandeepK.S.,1966–
Bodyareanetworks:safety,security,andsustainability/SANDEEPK.S.GUPTA,
TRIDIBMUKHERJEE,KRISHNAKUMARVENKATASUBRAMANIAN.
pages cm
Includesindex.
ISBN978-1-107-02102-0
1. Bodyareanetworks(Electronics) I. Mukherjee,Tridib.
II. Venkatasubramanian,KrishnaKumar. III. Title.
TK5103.35.G86 2013
(cid:3)
610.285468–dc23
2012042718
ISBN9781107021020Hardback
CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor
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Tomymotherandinlovingmemoryofmyfather
Sandeep
ToTrijoy
Tridib
Tomyparents
Krishna

Contents
ForewordbyCelesteR.Fralick pagexi
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Pervasivehealthcare 2
1.2 Monitoringtechnologies 4
1.3 Overviewofthebook 7
1.4 Questions 8
2 Bodyareanetworks 9
2.1 Architecture 10
2.1.1 Hardware 10
2.1.2 Networktopology 11
2.1.3 Communicationtechnology 12
2.1.4 Software 15
2.1.5 Deployment 15
2.1.6 Thephysicalenvironment 15
2.1.7 Energysource 15
2.2 Applications 16
2.2.1 Physiologicalmonitoring 16
2.2.2 Theinfusion-pumpcontrolsystem 20
2.3 MiddlewareforaBAN-basedpervasivehealth-monitoringsystem 22
2.4 Questions 25
3 BANmodelsandrequirements 26
3.1 Principalrequirements 27
3.1.1 Safety 27
3.1.2 Security 28
3.1.3 Sustainability 29
3.2 Thecyber-physicalnatureofBANs 30
3.3 Regulatoryissues 33
3.3.1 Medical-deviceregulationintheUSA 33
3.3.2 Medical-deviceregulationintheEU 35
3.3.3 Medical-deviceregulationinAsia 35
viii Contents
4 Safety 36
4.1 Safetyapproaches 37
4.1.1 PerspectivesofBANsafety 37
4.1.2 EnsuringBANsafety 39
4.2 Model-basedengineeringofBANs 40
4.2.1 Safety-requirementsanalysis 41
4.2.2 Modelgeneration 41
4.2.3 Analysisofsafety 42
4.3 Modelingcyber-physicalsystems 42
4.4 Example:BAND-AiDe–BANDesignandAnalysisTool 44
4.4.1 TheBAND-AiDe modelingframework 44
4.4.2 TheBAND-AiDeanalyzer 49
4.4.3 Implementation 50
4.5 DemonstratingdesignandanalysiswithBAND-AiDe 53
4.5.1 Safetyverificationofasinglewearablemedicaldevice 56
4.5.2 Safetyverificationofanetworkofdevices 58
4.6 FormalmodelsforBANsafety 60
4.7 Futureresearchproblems 61
4.8 Questions 62
5 Security 63
5.1 TheneedforinformationsecurityinBANs 64
5.2 SecuringaBANasacyber-physicalsystem 65
5.2.1 SecuringBANcomponents 66
5.2.2 ChallengesforCPS-Secsolutions 66
5.2.3 CPS-SecsolutionsforBANs 67
5.3 TraditionalsecuritysolutionsforBANs 68
5.3.1 Applicationoftraditionalapproachestokeydistribution 68
5.4 Physiological-signal-basedkeyagreement(PSKA) 70
5.4.1 Physiologicalsignals:issuesandproperties 71
5.4.2 PSKAprotocolexecution 73
5.4.3 SecurityofPSKA 76
5.4.4 PSKAprototypeimplementation 78
5.5 Summaryandfutureresearchproblems 82
5.6 Questions 83
6 Sustainability 84
6.1 Theenergyperspective 84
6.1.1 Energystorage 85
6.1.2 Reducingtheenergyrequirement 86
6.1.3 Scavengingenergyfromdifferentsources 87
6.2 Theequipment-recyclingperspective 87
6.3 Ensuringsustainability 87
6.4 SustainableBANsoftware-designmethodology 89