Board Review from ACP MEDICINE

593 Pages·2005·2.98 MB·English

B R F M
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CLINICAL ESSENTIALS
CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
DERMATOLOGY
ENDOCRINOLOGY
GASTROENTEROLOGY
HEMATOLOGY
IMMUNOLOGY/ALLERGY
INFECTIOUS DISEASE
INTERDISCIPLINARY MEDICINE
METABOLISM
NEPHROLOGY
NEUROLOGY
ONCOLOGY
PSYCHIATRY
RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
RHEUMATOLOGY
www.acpmedicine.com
B R F M
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Director of Publishing Cynthia M. Chevins
Director, Electronic Publishing Liz Pope
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Development Editors Nancy Terry, John Heinegg
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Copy Editor David Terry
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Electronic Composition Diane Joiner, Jennifer Smith
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ISBN: 0-9748327-7-4
Published by WebMD Inc.
Board Review from Medscape
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quently used. Board Review from Medscape describes basic principles of diagnosis and therapy. Because of the uniqueness of each patient and
the need to take into account a number of concurrent considerations, however, this information should be used by physicians only as a general
guide to clinical decision making.
Board Review from Medscape is derived from the ACP Medicine CME program, which is accredited by the University of Alabama School of
Medicine and Medscape, both of whom are accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians. Board Review
from Medscape is intended for use in self-assessment, not as a way to earn CME credits.
EDITORIAL BOARD
Editor-in-Chief Janet B. Henrich, M.D.
David C. Dale, M.D., F.A.C.P. Associate Professor of Medicine and Obstetrics and
Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New
Professor of Medicine, University of Washington
Haven, Connecticut
Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
(Women’s Health)
(Hematology, Infectious Disease, and General Internal
Medicine)
William L. Henrich, M.D., F.A.C.P.
Founding Editor Professor and Chairman, Department of Medicine,
Daniel D. Federman, M.D., M.A.C.P. University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore,
Maryland
The Carl W. Walter Distinguished Professor of Medicine
(Nephrology)
and Medical Education and Senior Dean for Alumni
Relations and Clinical Teaching, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts Michael J. Holtzman, M.D.
Selma and Herman Seldin Professor of Medicine, and
Director, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care
Associate Editors
Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine,
Karen H. Antman, M.D. St. Louis, Missouri
Deputy Director for Translational and Clinical Science, (Respiratory Medicine)
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Maryland Mark G. Lebwohl, M.D.
(Oncology) Sol and Clara Kest Professor and Chairman, Department
of Dermatology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New
John P. Atkinson, M.D., F.A.C.P.
York, New York
Samuel B. Grant Professor and Professor of Medicine (Dermatology)
and Molecular Microbiology, Washington University
School ofMedicine, St. Louis, Missouri Wendy Levinson, M.D., F.A.C.P.
(Immunology) Vice Chairman, Department of Medicine, The
University of Toronto, and Associate Director, Research
Christine K. Cassel, M.D., M.A.C.P.
Administration, Saint Michael’s Hospital, Toronto,
President, American Board of Internal Medicine, Ontario, Canada
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Evidence-Based Medicine and General Internal Medicine)
(Ethics, Geriatrics, and General Internal Medicine)
D. Lynn Loriaux, M.D., Ph.D., M.A.C.P.
Mark Feldman, M.D., F.A.C.P.
Professor of Medicine and Chair, Department of
William O. Tschumy, Jr., M.D., Chair of Internal
Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland,
Medicine and Clinical Professor of Internal Medicine,
Oregon
University of Texas Southwestern Medical School of
(Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Dallas; and Director, Internal Medicine Residency
Program, Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas, Dallas, Texas
(Gastroenterology) Shaun Ruddy, M.D., F.A.C.P.
Elam C. Toone Professor of Internal Medicine,
Raymond J. Gibbons, M.D. Microbiology and Immunology, and Professor Emeritus,
Director, Nuclear Cardiology Laboratory, The Mayo Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology,
Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota Medical College of Virginia at Commonwealth
(Cardiology) University, Richmond, Virginia
(Rheumatology)
Brian Haynes, M.D., Ph.D., F.A.C.P.
Professor of Clinical Epidemiology and Medicine and Jerry S. Wolinsky, M.D.
Chair, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and The Bartels Family Professor of Neurology, The
Biostatistics, McMaster University Health Sciences University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Medical School, and Attending Neurologist, Hermann
(Evidence-Based Medicine, Medical Informatics, and General Hospital, Houston, Texas
Internal Medicine) (Neurology)
CONTENTS
EDITORIAL BOARD
PREFACE
CLINICAL ESSENTIALS
Ethical and Social Issues 1
Reducing Risk of Injury and Disease 2
Diet and Exercise 3
Adult Preventive Health Care 7
Health Advice for International Travelers 7
Quantitative Aspects of Clinical Decision Making 11
Palliative Medicine 12
Symptom Management in Palliative Medicine 15
Psychosocial Issues in Terminal Illnessc 17
Complementary and Alternative Medicine 20
1 CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
Heart Failure 1
Hypertension 7
Atrial Fibrillation 12
Supraventricular Tachycardia 14
Pacemaker Therapy 15
Acute Myocardial Infarction 18
Chronic Stable Anginai 25
Unstable Angina/Non–ST Segment Elevation MI 30
Diseases of the Aorta 31
Pericardium, Cardiac Tumors, and Cardiac Trauma 35
Congenital Heart Disease 39
Peripheral Arterial Disease 43
Venous Thromboembolism 45
2 DERMATOLOGY
Cutaneous Manifestations of Systemic Diseases 1
Papulosquamous Disorders 3
Psoriasis 5
Eczematous Disorders, Atopic Dermatitis, Ichthyoses and 9
Contact Dermatitis and Related Disorders 11
Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions 13
Fungal, Bacterial, and Viral Infections of the Skin 17
Parasitic Infestations 19
Vesiculobullous Diseases 21
Malignant Cutaneous Tumors 23
Benign Cutaneous Tumors 26
Acne Vulgaris and Related Disorders 29
Disorders of Hair 31
Diseases of the Nail 33
Disorders of Pigmentation 35
3 ENDOCRINOLOGY
Testes and Testicular Disorders 1
The Adrenal 3
Calcium Metabolism and Metabolic Bone Disease 5
Genetic Diagnosis and Counseling 8
Hypoglycemia 13
Obesity 15
4 GASTROENTEROLOGY
Esophageal Disorders 1
Peptic Ulcer Diseases 2
Diarrheal Diseases 5
Inflammatory Bowel Disease 6
Diseases of the Pancreas 8
Gallstones and Biliary Tract Disease 11
Gastrointestinal Bleeding 16
Malabsorption and Maldigestion 17
Diverticulosis, Diverticulitis, and Appendicitis 21
Enteral and Parenteral Nutritional Support 22
Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders 24
Liver and Pancreas Transplantation 25
5 HEMATOLOGY
Approach to Hematologic Disorders 1
Red Blood Cell Function and Disorders of Iron Metabolism 4
Anemia: Production Defects 5
Hemoglobinopathies and Hemolytic Anemia 10
The Polycythemias 15
Nonmalignant Disorders of Leukocytes 17
Transfusion Therapy 22
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation 26
Hemostasis and Its Regulation 31
Hemorrhagic Disorders 33
Thrombotic Disorders 35
6 IMMUNOLOGY/ALLERGY
Innate Immunity 1
Histocompatibility Antigens/Immune Response Genes 3
Immunogenetics of Disease 5
Immunologic Tolerance and Autoimmunity 7
Allergic Response 8
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Principles in Allergy 10
Allergic Rhinitis, Conjunctivitis, and Sinusitis 11
Urticaria, Angioedema, and Anaphylaxis 14
Drug Allergies 16
Allergic Reactions to Hymenoptera 18
Food Allergies 21
7 INFECTIOUS DISEASE
Infections Due to Gram-Positive Cocci 1
Infections Due to Mycobacteria 8
Infections Due to Neisseria 14
Anaerobic Infections 16
Syphilis and Nonvenereal Treponematoses 21
E. coli and Other Enteric Gram-Negative Bacilli 24
Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, Vibrio, Helicobacter 27
Haemophilus, Moraxella, Legionella, Bordetella, Pseudomonas 30
Brucella, Francisella, Yersinia Pestis, Bartonella 33
Diseases Due to Chlamydia 36
Antimicrobial Therapy 40
Septic Arthritis 45
Osteomyelitis 50
Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Coxiella 52
Infective Endocarditis 54
Bacterial Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract 57
Pneumonia and Other Pulmonary Infections 64
Peritonitis and Intra-abdominal Abscesses 72
Vaginitis and Sexually Transmitted Diseases 75
Urinary Tract Infections 77
Hyperthermia, Fever, and Fever of Undetermined Origin 79
Respiratory Viral Infections 82
Herpesvirus Infections 84
Enteric Viral Infections 88
Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Parvovirus, and Poxvirus 90
Viral Zoonoses 93
Human Retroviral Infections 96
HIV and AIDS 98
Protozoan Infections 103
Bacterial Infections of the Central Nervous System 105
Mycotic Infections 108
8 INTERDISCIPLINARY MEDICINE
Management of Poisoning and Drug Overdose 1
Bites and Stings 5
Cardiac Resuscitation 7
Preoperative Assessment 9
Bioterrorism 12
Assessment of the Geriatric Patient 15
Disorders in Geriatric Patients 18
Rehabilitation of Geriatric Patients 24
9 METABOLISM
Diagnosis and Treatment of Dyslipidemia 1
The Porphyrias 3
Diabetes Mellitus 4
10 NEPHROLOGY
Renal Function and Disorders of Water and Sodium Balance 1
Disorders of Acid-Base and Potassium Balance 3
Approach to the Patient with Renal Disease 5
Management of Chronic Kidney Disease 8
Glomerular Diseases 11
Acute Renal Failure 14
Vascular Diseases of the Kidney 16
Tubulointerstitial Diseases 21
Chronic Renal Failure and Dialysis 24
Renal Transplantation 28
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia 31
11 NEUROLOGY
The Dizzy Patient 1
Diseases of the Peripheral Nervous System 3
Diseases of Muscle and the Neuromuscular Junction 7
Cerebrovascular Disorders 10
Traumatic Brain Injury 14
Neoplastic Disorders 16
Anoxic, Metabolic, and Toxic Encephalopathies 19
Headache 21
Demyelinating Diseases 23
Inherited Ataxias 27
Alzheimer Disease and Other Dementing Illnesses Major 27
Epilepsy 31
Disorders of Sleep 34
Pain 38
Parkinson Disease and Other Movement Disorders 41
Acute Viral Central Nervous System Diseases 43
Central Nervous System Diseases Due to Slow Viruses and Prions 45
12 ONCOLOGY
Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention 1
Molecular Genetics of Cancer 2
Principles of Cancer Treatment 4
Colorectal Cancer 8
Pancreatic, Gastric, and Other Gastrointestinal Cancers 10
Breast Cancer 13
Lung Cancer 18
Prostate Cancer 20
Gynecologic Cancer 26
Oncologic Emergencies 29
Sarcomas of Soft Tissue and Bone 32
Bladder, Renal, and Testicular Cancer 34
Chronic Lymphoid Leukemias and Plasma Cell Disorders 36
Acute Leukemia 38
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia and Other Myeloproliferative Disorders 42
Head and Neck Cancer 45
13 PSYCHIATRY
Depression and Bipolar Disorder 1
Alcohol Abuse and Dependency 4
Drug Abuse and Dependence 6
Schizophrenia 9
Anxiety Disorders 11
14 RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
Asthma 1
Chronic Obstructive Diseases of the Lung 5
Focal and Multifocal Lung Disease 14
Chronic Diffuse Infiltrative Lung Disease 16
Ventilatory Control during Wakefulness and Sleep 20
Disorders of the Chest Wall 22
Respiratory Failure 26
Disorders of the Pleura, Hila, and Mediastinum 29
Pulmonary Edema 32
Pulmonary Hypertension, Cor Pulmonale, and Primary Pulmonary Vascular Diseases 35
15 RHEUMATOLOGY
Introduction to the Rheumatic Diseases 1
Rheumatoid Arthritis 3
Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies 9
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 13
Scleroderma and Related Diseases 15
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies 16
Systemic Vasculitis Syndromes 20
Crystal-Induced Joint Disease 22
Osteoarthritis 26
Back Pain and Common Musculoskeletal Problems 31
Fibromyalgia 33