BMA Complete Family Health Guide (BMA Family) PDF
Preview BMA Complete Family Health Guide (BMA Family)
BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOC IAT ION COMPLETE FAMILY HEALTH GUIDE BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION COMPLETE FAMILY HEALTH GUIDE BMA Consulting Medical Editor DR MICHAEL PETERS Medical Editor DR TONY SMITH A Dorling Kindersley Book Dorling Kindersley LONDON, NEW YORK, MUNICH, MELBOURNE, AND DELHI First UK Edition, 2000 2nd UK Edition, 2005 2 4 6 8 10 9 7 5 3 1 Published in the United Kingdom by Dorling Kindersley Limited, 80 Strand, London, WC2R 0RL A Penguin Company Copyright © 2000, 2005 Dorling Kindersley Limited, London All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. The British Medical Association Complete Family Health Guide provides general information on a wide range of health and medical topics. The book is not a substitute for medical diagnosis, however, and you are advised always to consult your doctor for specific information on personal health matters. The naming of any organization, product, or alternative therapy in this book does not imply endorsement by the BMA, the BMA Consulting Medical Editor, the Medical Editor, or the publisher; the omission of any such names does not indicate disapproval. A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 1-4053-0719-6 Colour reproduction by GRB, Italy Printed by SNP Leefung Printers, China see our complete catalogue at www.dk.com FOREWORD THE INTRODUCTION to the first edition of the Complete Family Health Guide stressed that people were living longer in good health than ever before. That trend has continued and is given prominence in this second edition. The bulk of the book remains its detailed information on symptoms and disorders. Symptoms are analysed in charts that give guidance on self-help and when to see a doctor. Articles on disorders explain what tests your doctor is likely to advise, what the results mean, what treatments are in common use, and which are still on trial. The main changes have been in genetics and technology. Advances in our understanding of genetics have enabled fetal abnormalities to be detected at an early stage; families affected by genetic disorders can now often be helped to have a healthy child. Genetic advances have also helped many families with a high risk of cancer or metabolic disease to receive screening tests so that any problems can be identified promptly. The Complete Family Health Guide also explains technical changes in imaging the brain, heart, and other internal organs, allowing precise diagnoses to be made with little or no risk of unpleasant side effects. Similar reductions in risk have been achieved in many routine surgical operations, using minimally invasive techniques (keyhole surgery) to shorten the time spent in hospital and reduce visible scarring. Today, people are faced with an often bewildering array of information regarding health matters, and it may be difficult to know where to find the most reliable source. The Complete Family Health Guide is based on mainstream information from a panel of medical consultants chosen by the BMA. Their experience provides an unrivalled assurance of quality and reliability. DR MICHAEL PETERS MB BS DR TONY SMITH MA BM BCh BMA CONSULTING MEDICAL EDITOR MEDICAL EDITOR BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION CHAIRMAN OF THE COUNCIL Mr James Johnson TREASURER Dr David Pickersgill CHAIRMAN OF THE REPRESENTATIVE BODY Dr Michael Wilks MEDICAL EDITORS AND REVIEWERS BMA CONSULTING MEDICAL EDITOR Dr Michael Peters MEDICAL EDITOR Tony Smith MA MB BS BM BCh Dr Ian R. Beider BDS (U.Lond.) Dr David Landau MRCP FRCR Ms Jacky Bernett BSc RD Dr E. G. Hermione Lyall MD MRCPCH Dr Jocelyn A. S. Brookes MB BS MRCP FRCR Dr Janice Main MBChB FRCP Dr Owen Epstein MB BCh FRCP Dr Atul Mehta MA MD FRCP FRCPath Prof. Peter Farndon MSc MD FRCP DCH Mr Alan Naftalin FRCOG Dr Robert D Goldin MD FRCPath Mr Alan Nevies DO Mr Fares S. Haddad BSc MCh (Orth) FRCS (Orth) Dr Conor O’Doherty MSc FRCP Dr Julian Halcox MA MD MRCP Mr Mark Ornstein FRCS Dr Michael G. Hanna BSc (Hons) MD FRCP Mrs Ann Peters SRN HV Mr Martin Harris MD FRCOphth Dr Penny Preston MBChB MRCGP Dr Steven J. Hurel FRCP PhD Prof. Stephen Spiro MD FRCP Dr David Jones DDAM MRCS FISM FFSEM FFOM FRCP Mr Michael Stearns FRCS Mr Amir V. Kaisary MA ChM FRCS Dr Frances Williams MA MBBChir MRCP Mr Martin Kurzer FRCS DTM&H MRCPCH DORLING KINDERSLEY SENIOR MANAGING EDITOR Martyn Page SENIOR DESIGNER Ian Spick PROJECT EDITOR Katie John DTP DESIGN Julian Dams PROJECT ADMINISTRATION Katie Dock PRODUCTION Joanna Bull MANAGING ART EDITOR Marianne Markham PUBLISHING DIRECTOR Corinne Roberts DORLING KINDERSLEY INDIA MANAGER Aparna Sharma DESIGNER Kavita Dutta EDITORS Dipali Singh, Glenda Fernandes, Rohan Sinha DTP CO-ORDINATOR Pankaj Sharma PREVIOUS EDITIONS MEDICAL EDITORS MEDICAL EDITOR Tony Smith MA BM BCh Penny Preston MB ChB MRCGP, Amanda Rouse BSc MB BS DEPUTY MEDICAL EDITOR Sue Davidson MB BS MRCP MRCP MRCGP, Frances Williams MA MB BChir MRCP MRCGP DRCOG DTM&H MRCPCH ASSISTANT MEDICAL EDITORS Naomi Craft BSc MB BS MRCGP, MEDICAL EDITOR-IN-CHIEF (US) David Goldman MD FACP Gabrielle Murphy BA BSc MB ChB, Fiona Payne MB BS, ASSOCIATE MEDICAL EDITOR (US) David A. Horowitz MD 6 MEDICAL REVIEWERS Michael Adler MD FRCP FFPHM Terry Hamblin DM FRCP David Mabey BM BCh DM FRCP J. A. Savin MA MD FRCP DIH Robert N. Allan MD FRCP FRCPath H. Manji MA MD MRCP Julian Shah MB ChB LRCP MRCS Bruce Hendry MD PhD G. Keith Morris MD FRCP FRCF Sir Peter Beale KBE FRCP FFCM FFOM DTM&H S. R. Iliffe MRCGP Guy Neild MD FRCP FRCPath David V. Skinner FRCS FFAEM A. Graham Bird FRCP FRCPath Paresh Jobanputra DM MRCP Noel D. L. Olsen MSc FRCP David Sutton MD FRCP FRCR MRCGP FFPHM DMRD MCAR Robin L. Blair MB FRCS (Ed.) A. Parshall BSc MB BS PhD Roy Taylor BSc MB ChB MD FRCS (C.) FACS W. F. Kelly MD FRCP MRCPsych FRCP FRCPE Fiona Boag MB BS FRCP P. Kendall-Taylor MD FRCP M. R. Partridge MD FRCP Martin Thornhill MB BS BDS Charles G. D. Brook MA MD Peng T. Khaw PhD MRCP FRCS R. C. Peveler DPhil MRCPsych MSc PhD FDSRCS(Ed.) FFDRCSI FRCP FRCPCH FRCOphth Rosalind Ramsay MA MB BS James Walker MD FRCP(Glas.) Christopher Davidson Helen Kingston MD FRCP DCH MRCPsych FRCP(Edin.) FRCOG FRSM MA(Cantab.) MB FRCP FESC Leslie Klenerman ChM FRCS T. M. Reynolds MB ChB BSc MD Chris Williams DM FRCP J. Michael Dixon MD FRCS George T. Lewith MA DM MRCP T. J. Ryan DM FRCP Jennifer A. Young MA MD Andrew Doble MS FRCS(Urol.) MRCGP P. J. Sanderson MB PhD FRCPath FRCPath RCPI MEDICAL CONTRIBUTORS Samir Alvi BSc MB BS PhD DFFP Philip Gaut PhD Chris McLaughlin Christine Scott-Moncrieff MB DRCOG Bruce George MS FRCS Sheena Meredith MB BS LRCP ChB MFHom Ursula Arens Jennifer Glasspool PhD MRCS Anne Slavotinek MB BS FRCP Helen Barnett BPharm Sandra Goldbeck-Wood MB Sanjida O’Connell PhD Jeffrey L. Barron MB ChB MSc ChB J. Pearce Patricia Spallone PhD MMed FRCPath Katherine Heimann D. A. Pearson MA MRCGP Jane Stirling PhD Sue Bosanko Chris Higgins Elliot Philipp MMA FRCS FRCOG Joanna Thomas Jane de Burgh RGN Kate Hope MB BS MRCS LRCP Paulette Pratt Lindy Van den Berghe BMedSci Helen Byrt PhD Amanda Jackson-Russell PhD Punit S. Ramrakha MA BM BCh BM BS Nancy Duin Marion Jowett MRCP PhD Richard Walker PhD Martin Edwards BDS SDSRCS PhD Ann Kramer Rosalind Ramsay MA MB BS Helen Epstein PhD Lynne Low MB ChB MRCPsych Robert Whittle MB BS Marie Fallon MB ChB DRCOG Theresa McCrone RGN Michael J. Rennie PhD FRSE Sam Wilde Mary Fogarty MSc MB BCh BAO Ian McKee MB ChB DRCOG Mike Rogers BPharm MRPharmS Robert Youngson MB ChB NUI DFFP Omar Sattaur DTM&H DO FRCOphth DORLING KINDERSLEY Managing Editors Andrea Bagg, Maxine Lewis, Janet Mohun Designers Amanda Carroll, Janice English, Sara Freeman, Senior Editors Paul Docherty, Jill Hamilton, Nicki Lampon, Spencer Holbrook, Johnny Pau, Chris Walker Mary Lindsay, Andrew Macintyre Design Assistance Kirsten Cashman, Nicola Hampel, Deputy Senior Editor Jolyon Goddard Elaine Hewson, Richard Horsford, Sasha Howard, Editors Ann Baggaley, Judith Bettesworth, Edda Bohnsack, Anne Renel, Mark Wilde Martin Bryant, Jane de Burgh, Alan Byrne, Louise Clairmonte, Anatomy Visualizer Richard Tibbitts Sue Cooper, Patricia Davis, Kim Dennis-Bryan, Patricia Dent, Illustrators Evi Antoniou, Debbie Maizels, Patrick Mulrey, Kathy Fahey, Francesca George, Peter Harrison, Fiona Hunter, Richard Tibbitts, Halli Verrinder Katie John, Sarah Keer-Keer, Alyson Lacewing, Jo Lankester, Ben Picture Researchers Andrea Sadler, Suzanne Williams Morgan, Sean O’Connor, Mukul Patel, Hazel Richardson, Esther DTP Design Jason Little Ripley, Nikki Taylor, Stephen Taylor, Gaia Vince, John Watson DTP Assistance Zirrinia Austin, Louise Waller Editorial Assistance Judit Z. Bodnar, Peter Frances, Angeles Gavira, Production Michelle Thomas Rachel Hutchinson, Robert Johnston, Heather Jones, Nancy Project Administration Delyth Hughes, Vicky Wilks, Anna Youle Lieberman, Donna Loh, Rebecca Marsland, Ann Mummery, Irene Senior Managing Editor Martyn Page Pavitt, Andrew Pine, Jennifer Quasha, Teresa Pritlove, Juliet Roberts Senior Managing Art Editor Bryn Walls Project Researcher Claire Isaac BSc MB ChB Editorial Director Jackie Douglas Indexer Sue Bosanko Art Director Peter Luff Managing Art Editor Louise Dick Editorial Development Director (US) Jeanette Mall Deputy Managing Art Editor Marianne Markham Editorial Director (US) LaVonne Carlson Senior Designer Mark Batley Publisher (US) Chuck Lang 7 CONTENTS Painful or irritated eye.....102 CONTENTS Disturbed or impaired vision.....104 Hearing loss.....106 HOW TO USE THIS BOOK.....11 Earache.....108 Sore throat.....109 Hoarseness and/or voice loss.....110 TAKING CONTROL Coughing.....112 OF YOUR HEALTH Shortness of breath.....114 Wheezing.....116 15–62 Difficulty swallowing.....117 Vomiting.....118 INTRODUCTION.....16 Recurrent vomiting.....120 INHERITANCE AND HEALTH.....18 Abdominal pain.....122 Understanding inheritance.....20 Recurrent abdominal pain.....124 Health care throughout life.....23 Swollen abdomen.....126 Anal and rectal problems.....127 LIFESTYLE AND HEALTH.....31 Diarrhoea.....128 Diet and health.....32 Constipation.....130 Exercise and health.....39 Chest pain.....132 Alcohol, tobacco, and drugs.....44 Palpitations.....134 Sex and health.....49 Poor bladder control.....135 Psychological health.....54 Frequent urination.....136 Safety and health.....58 Painful urination.....138 Back pain.....140 Neck pain or stiffness.....142 Painful joints.....144 ASSESSING YOUR Swollen ankles.....146 SYMPTOMS MEN’S CHARTS.....148 63–178 Erectile dysfunction.....148 Testes and scrotum problems.....149 INTRODUCTION.....64 Problems with the penis.....150 GENERAL CHARTS.....68 WOMEN’S CHARTS.....152 Feeling unwell.....68 Breast problems.....152 Tiredness.....70 Absent periods.....154 Loss of weight.....72 Painful periods.....156 Difficulty sleeping.....74 Heavy periods.....157 Fever.....76 Abnormal vaginal bleeding.....158 Lumps and swellings.....78 Lower abdominal pain in women.....160 Feeling faint and passing out.....80 Abnormal vaginal discharge.....162 Headache.....82 Genital irritation in women.....163 Vertigo.....84 Painful intercourse in women.....164 Numbness and/or tingling.....86 Twitching and tremor.....88 CHILDREN’S CHARTS.....166 Facial pain.....90 Vomiting in children.....166 Difficulty speaking.....91 Diarrhoea in children.....168 Forgetfulness and/or confusion.....92 Fever in children.....170 Feeling depressed.....94 Breathing problems in children.....172 General skin problems.....96 Coughing in children.....174 Rash with fever.....98 Abdominal pain in children.....176 Hair and scalp problems.....100 Weight problems in children.....178 8 CONTENTS Skin infections and infestations.....303 LOOKING FOR Minor skin injuries.....308 Hair and nail disorders.....310 DISEASE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM.....314 179–212 Bone disorders.....320 Joint and ligament disorders.....326 INTRODUCTION.....180 Muscle and tendon disorders.....340 VISITING YOUR DOCTOR.....182 Musculoskeletal injuries.....343 Medical history and examination.....183 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.....348 Obtaining samples for testing.....185 Major cardiovascular disorders.....354 TESTING SAMPLES.....187 Heart rate and rhythm disorders.....367 Tests on blood structure and function.....188 Heart valve and muscle disorders.....373 Chemical tests.....190 Peripheral vascular disorders.....382 Tests for microorganisms.....192 BLOOD AND THE LYMPHATIC Cell and tissue tests.....194 AND IMMUNE SYSTEMS.....392 Genetic tests.....196 Blood disorders.....398 VISUALIZING INTERNAL ORGANS.....198 Disorders of the lymphatic system.....410 Imaging techniques.....200 Immune disorders.....412 Viewing techniques.....210 Allergies.....418 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.....422 Nose and throat disorders.....426 YOUR BODY Lung disorders.....434 AND DISEASE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND 213–826 MENTAL FUNCTION.....460 General nervous system disorders.....468 INTRODUCTION.....214 Disorders of the brain and spinal cord.....473 Peripheral nervous system disorders.....495 GENES AND INHERITANCE.....218 Mental health disorders.....503 Genetic disorders.....224 EYES AND VISION.....518 CANCER.....228 Eye disorders.....522 Living with cancer.....232 Eyelid and tear system disorders.....535 Vision disorders.....538 INFECTIONS AND EARS, HEARING, AND BALANCE.....544 INFESTATIONS.....238 Outer- and middle-ear disorders.....548 Viral infections.....242 Hearing and inner-ear disorders.....551 Bacterial infections.....253 Protozoal and fungal infections.....259 TEETH AND GUMS.....558 Worm infestations.....264 Disorders of the teeth.....560 Gum disorders.....569 SERIOUS INJURIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS.....268 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.....572 Serious injuries.....269 General digestive and nutritional problems.....578 Poisoning and environmental disorders.....274 Disorders of the mouth, tongue, and oesophagus.....584 SKIN, HAIR, AND NAILS.....281 Disorders of the stomach and duodenum.....591 Generalized skin conditions.....284 Disorders of the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.595 Localized skin conditions.....292 Disorders of the intestines, rectum, and anus.....607 9 CONTENTS HORMONES AND METABOLISM.....622 Pituitary gland disorders.....628 TREATING Thyroid and parathyroid gland disorders.....631 Adrenal gland disorders.636 DISEASE Metabolic disorders.....639 827–922 URINARY SYSTEM.....646 Kidney disorders.....650 INTRODUCTION.....828 Disorders of the bladder and urethra.....661 DRUG TREATMENT.....830 MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM.....668 Understanding drugs.....832 Disorders of the testes, scrotum, Drugs for infections and infestations.....834 and penis.....670 Drugs acting on the skin.....841 Prostate disorders.....676 Drugs for musculoskeletal disorders.....845 Male hormonal disorders.....680 Drugs for cardiovascular disorders.....848 Drugs for blood and immune system disorders FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM.....682 and cancer.....854 Menstrual, menopausal, and hormonal Drugs for respiratory disorders.....860 problems.....686 Drugs acting on the brain and nervous Disorders of the female reproductive organs.....693 system.....863 Breast disorders.....706 Drugs for eye and ear disorders.....870 Drugs for digestive disorders.....873 SEX AND REPRODUCTION.....714 Vitamin and mineral supplements.....878 Sexually transmitted infections.....716 Drugs acting on the endocrine system and Sexual problems.....721 metabolism.....881 Infertility.....726 Drugs acting on the reproductive and urinary systems.....887 PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH.....730 Problems in pregnancy.....736 SURGERY.....891 Problems in labour.....753 Having an operation.....892 Problems after childbirth.....759 Types of surgery.....897 INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD.....764 CARE AND THERAPIES.....904 Problems in babies.....770 Care of the sick.....905 Chromosome and gene disorders.....775 Rehabilitation therapies.....909 Skin and hair disorders.....782 Death and dying.....912 Musculoskeletal disorders.....786 Psychological therapies.....916 Disorders of the cardiovascular and Complementary therapies.....920 respiratory systems.....790 Disorders of the nervous system.....798 Developmental and psychological disorders.....805 USEFUL ONLINE SITES AND ADDRESSES, Eye and ear disorders.810 AND INDEX.....923–992 Disorders of the digestive system.....816 Endocrine and metabolic disorders.....820 Useful online sites and addresses.....924 Disorders of the reproductive and Index.....936 urinary systems.....824 Acknowledgments.....991 10
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