Blood Vessels and Lymphatics in Organ Systems PDF
Preview Blood Vessels and Lymphatics in Organ Systems
Contributors D. I. Abramson T. S. Harrison A. R. Pavlakis S. S. Adler D. D. Heistad M. A. Perry Κ. Η. Albertine D. S. Hungerford Ε. M. Ramsey R. J. Altiere Η. Κ. Jacobs W. C. Randall Β. M. Altura Ε. D. Jacobson A. M. Rappaport J. U. Balis P. C. Johnson F. D. Reilly R. Beeuwkes III H. A. Kontos J. A. G. Rhodin D. R. Bell R. J. Krane E. R. Ross D. Bergel P. R. Kvietys G. Ross J. E. Bernstein K. R. Larsen C. F. Rothe J. A. Bevan M. Lawrence Μ. Μ. Schwartz L. R. Caplan L. V. Leak S. S. Sobin P. K. Chaudhuri D. W. Lennox Η. V. Sparks, Jr. S. Chien J. V. Lieponis N. C. Staub K. Christensen B. Linde Μ. Β. Stemerman Κ. Ε. Clark A. J. Lonigro Α. Ε. Taylor C. Ε. Corliss A. L. Lorincz Β. L. Tepperman U. Desai Τ. V. McCaffrey C. Thomas P. B. Dobrin R. S. McCuskey L. P. Thompson M. C. Fishbein J. M. McGreevy S. F. Vatner A. H. Friedman J. A. McNulty Ν. E. Warner C. N. Gillis D. J. Martin R. M. Weiss J. P. Gilmore A. J. Miller J. S. Wheeler, Jr. S. Glagov F. G. Moody L. A. Whiteside I. Goldstein E. Nelson D. L. Wilbur D. N. Granger G. Northrop C. L. Witte H. J. Granger C. C. C. O'Morchoe Μ. Η. Witte C. V. Greenway M. P. Owen W. C. Worthington, Jr. M. Hamaji R. J. Paul R. D. Wurster BLOOD VESSELS AND LYMPHATICS IN ORGAN SYSTEMS Edited by DAVID I. ABRAMSON Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Medicine University of Illinois College of Medicine Chicago, Illinois PHILIP B. DOBRIN Department of Surgery Hines Veterans Administration Hospital Hines, Illinois and Departments of Surgery and Physiology Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine Maywood, Illinois 1984 ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. (Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers) Orlando San Diego San Francisco New York London Toronto Montreal Sydney Tokyo Säo Paulo COPYRIGHT © 1984, BY ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY, RECORDING, OR ANY INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM THE PUBLISHER. ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. Orlando, Florida 32887 United Kingdom Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24/28 Oval Road, London NW1 7DX Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Blood vessels and lymphatics in organ systems. Includes bibliographies and index. 1. Blood-vessels. 2. Lymphatics. 3. Organs (Ana tomy)- Blood-vessels. I. Abramson, David Irvin, Date. II. Dobrin, Philip Β. [DNLM: 1. Blood circulation. 2. Blood vessels. 3. Lymphatic sys tem. WG 103 B655] QP102.B55 1984 612M3 83-11860 ISBN 0-12—42520-3 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 84 85 86 87 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contributors Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors' contributions begin. D. I. ABRAMSON (602, 640, 656), Departments of Physical Medicine and Re habilitation and Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chi cago, Illinois 60680 S. S. ADLER (705), Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, Rush University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60612 Κ. H. ALBERTINE (363, 396), Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143 R. J. ALTIERE (385), Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology Division, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506 Β. M. ALTURA (113), Department of Physiology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203 J. U. BALIS (390), Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612 R. BEEUWKES III (507), Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 D. R. BELL (663), Department of Physiology, Albany Medical College of Union University, Albany, New York 12208 D. BERGEL (70), University Laboratory of Physiology, Oxford ΟΧΙ 3PT, England J. E. BERNSTEIN (596, 608, 614), Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611 J. A. BEVAN (32), Department of Pharmacology, University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90024 L. R. CAPLAN (196), Department of Neurology, Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, and University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60637 P. K. CHAUDHURI (461), Department of Surgery, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, and Hines Veterans Administration Hospital, May- wood, Illinois 60153 S. CHIEN (77), Department of Physiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032 K. CHRISTENSEN (595, 639), Department of Anatomy, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104 Κ. E. CLARK (572, 573), Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Physiol ogy, and Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincin nati, Ohio 45267 C. E. CORLISS (123, 175, 211, 259, 318, 362, 409, 437, 459, 506), Department xiii xiv CONTRIBUTORS of Anatomy, The University of Tennessee Center for the Health Sciences, Memphis, Tennessee 38163 U. DESAI (390), Experimental Lung Immunopathology Laboratory, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612 P. B. DOBRIN (64), Department of Surgery, Hines Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, Illinois 60141, and Departments of Surgery and Physiol ogy, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153 M. C. FISHBEIN (340), Department of Pathology, Cedar-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048 A. H. FRIEDMAN (247), Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and Ophthalmology, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153 C. N. GILLIS (385), Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510 J. P. GILMORE (515), Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Nebraska College of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska 68105 S. GLAGOV (3, 39, 489), Department of Pathology, University of Chicago Pritz- ker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60637 I. GOLDSTEIN (552), Division of Urology, Boston City Hospital, and Depart ment of Urology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mas sachusetts 02215 D. N. GRANGER (427, 450), Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36688 H. J. GRANGER (438, 441, 446, 448), Microcirculation Research Institute, and Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A (? Μ University, College Station, Texas 77843 C. V. GREENWAY (477, 485), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba Medical School, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E OW3, Canada M. HAMAJI1 (280), Department of Surgery, The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033 T. S. HARRISON (280), Department of Surgery, The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033 D. D. HEISTAD (186, 191), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, and Veterans Administration Hospital, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 D. S. HUNGERFORD (682, 686, 688), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 Present address: First Department of Surgery, Osaka University Medical School, Fukushima- ku, Osaka 553, Japan. CONTRIBUTORS xv Η. Κ. JACOBS (212, 219), Departments of Surgery and Physiology, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, May wood, Illinois 60153 E. D. JACOBSON (415, 419), College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267 P. C. JOHNSON (106), Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Univer sity of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724 H. A. KONTOS (186, 191), Department of Medicine, Medical College of Vir ginia, Richmond, Virginia 23298 R. J. KRANE (544, 548, 552), Department of Urology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02215 P. R. KVIETYS (450), Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Univer sity of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36688 K. R. LARSEN (410), Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132 M. LAWRENCE (233), Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 L. V. LEAK (134, 164), Ernest E. Just Laboratory of Cellular Biology, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20059 D. W. LENNOX (682, 686, 688), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 J. V. LIEPONIS (212, 222), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Loyola Univer sity Stritch School of Medicine, May wood, Illinois 60153 B. LINDE (622), Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institute, Hud- dinge Hospital, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden A. J. LONIGRO (521), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medi cine and Pharmacology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, Veterans Administration Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63125 A. L. LORINCZ (596, 608, 614), Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatol ogy, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60637 Τ. V. MCCAFFREY (241), Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mayo Medical School, Rochester, Minnesota 55901 R. S. MCCUSKEY (698), Department of Anatomy, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506 J. M. MCGREEVY (423), Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132 J. A. MCNULTY (308), Department of Anatomy, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, May wood, Illinois 60153 D. J. MARTIN (618), Laboratoire de Physiologie, Faculte de Medecine de Gre noble, 38700 La Tronche, France A. J. MILLER (348), Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611 xvi CONTRIBUTORS F. G. MOODY 2 (410, 423), Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132 E. NELSON (182), Department of Neurosciences, Rush Medical School, Chi cago, Illinois 60612 G. NORTHROP (273, 304), Departments of Internal Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rush Presbyterian-St. Lukes Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612 C. C. C. O'MORCHOE (126, 532), Department of Anatomy, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153 M. P. OWEN (32), Department of Pharmacology, University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90024 R. J. PAUL (17), Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267 A. R. PAVLAKIS (544), Department of Urology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02215 M. A. PERRY (427), Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36688 Ε. M. RAMSEY (577), Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D.C. 20025 W. C. RANDALL (319), Department of Physiology, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153 A. M. RAPPAPORT (461), Sunnybrook Medical Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada F. D. REILLY (698), Department of Anatomy, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506 J. A. G. RHODIN (97), Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Univer sity of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612 E. R. Ross (224), Department of Pathology, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153 G. Ross (340), Departments of Physiology and Medicine, University of Califor nia School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90024 C. F. ROTHE (85), Department of Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46223 Μ. M. SCHWARTZ (528), Department of Pathology, Rush Medical School, Chi cago, Illinois 60612 S. S. SOBIN (368), Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90033 Η. V. SPARKS, JR. (647, 652), Department of Physiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 2Present address: Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, 6431 Fannin, Houston, Texas 77025. CONTRIBUTORS xvii Ν. C. STAUB (363, 396), Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medi cine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143 Μ. B. STEMERMAN (25), Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 A. E. TAYLOR (618), Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Univer sity of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36688 B. L. TEPPERMAN (415, 419), Department of Physiology, Health Sciences Cen tre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada C. THOMAS (196), Department of Pathology, Michael Reese Hospital and Medi cal Center, Chicago, Illinois 60616 L. P. THOMPSON (647, 652), Department of Physiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 S. F. VATNER (326, 333), Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 Ν. E. WARNER (296), Department of Pathology, University of Southern Cal ifornia School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90033 R. M. WEISS (560, 562), Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510 J. S. WHEELER, JR. (548), Section for Urology, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153 L. A. WHITESIDE (674), Department of Surgery, Section of Orthopedic Sur gery, De Paul Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri 63044 D. L. WILBUR (259), Department of Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29403 C. L. WITTE (496), Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona 85724 Μ. H. WITTE (496), Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona 85724 W. C. WORTH IN GTON, JR. (259), Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425 R. D. WURSTER (219, 222), Department of Physiology, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, and Rehabilitation Research and Development Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, Illinois 60141 Preface The format followed in this volume is similar to that found in "Blood Vessels and Lymphatics,'' which was edited by one of us (D.I. A.) over two decades ago. Since then, knowledge in the cardiovascular sciences has advanced so rapidly as to warrant the development of another monograph on the same subject. Such an effort was given further impetus by the fact that the available information regarding the various topics is scattered throughout the literature in a variety of disciplines and, therefore, can be gathered only after time-consuming examina tion of a large number of original papers and reviews. This volume deals with both the general and the specific characteristics of blood vessels and lymphatics in organ systems, including such rarely described vascular networks as those in the pineal, parathyroids, pancreas, adrenals, adipose tissue, and special senses. Also, the newly recognized functions of vascular endothelium are given special emphasis. Although the volume is intended as an advanced treatise, it does not present the exhaustive detailed information required by the specialist in any given field. Instead, it provides a structured, multidisciplinary approach to the broad field of vascular science, emphasizing both established and recent concepts. In the preparation of the volume, the expertise of a large group of eminent investigators was enlisted. Each contributed one or several sections, in every instance limited to areas of research in which he or she is presently engaged. The submitted material was then judiciously edited for the purpose of organiz ing, integrating, and interrelating the topics so as to form a coordinated account with a consistent orderly style. The volume is divided into two major areas. The first, consisting of four chapters, is devoted to general aspects of the arteries, veins, microcirculation, and lymphatic channels. The second and main segment, which is made up of seventeen chapters, deals with the embryologic, morphologic, physiologic, pharmacologic, pathophysiologic, and pathologic characteristics of blood and lymph circulations in each of the important organ systems. In addition to orthodox concepts, promising, innovative, and provocative, but still unproved, viewpoints are presented, in some instances emphasizing topics that are of special interest to the authors. Wherever indicated, attention is directed to future areas for investigation, thus helping to focus interest on gaps in our knowledge in a particular field. Cross-references are found through out the text for the purpose of unifying and consolidating the contents of the volume.* At the end of each chapter, an extensive current bibliography is *To facilitate location of cross-references, each item is identified by a capital letter (referring to a main heading in the chapter), an Arabic number (a subheading preceded by the number), and a lowercase letter (a tertiary heading found on the first line of the section referred to). xix XX PREFACE found, including review articles, which should be helpful in providing sources of useful additional material to the reader. It is hoped that this volume will be of value to the graduate student in the areas of blood and lymph circulation, acting as a foundation and catalyst for future development, and to the advanced research worker or clinician seeking sources of information on recent advances in the diverse aspects of cardiovascu lar science. We wish to express our appreciation to Virginia Thiel and Shirley Zwiesler for their expert secretarial assistance, to Chris Capelle and William C. Gley for their technical help in the preparation of the manuscript, and to Joan J. Math ews and Louise F. Abramson for their meticulous proofreading of the contents. The editorial cooperation of the staff of Academic Press is gratefully acknowledged. DAVID I. ABRAMSON PHILIP B. DOBRIN
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