Blood collection : a short course PDF
Preview Blood collection : a short course
16998_FM_i-xviii.qxd 7/1/09 11:01 PM Page i Blood Collection A SHORT COURSE EDITION 2 16998_FM_i-xviii.qxd 7/1/09 11:01 PM Page ii 16998_FM_i-xviii.qxd 7/1/09 11:01 PM Page iii Blood Collection A S H O RT C O U R S E EDITION 2 Marjorie Schaub Di Lorenzo, MT(ASCP)SH Adjunct Clinical Laboratory Science Instructor Division of Clinical Laboratory Science School of Allied Health Professions University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, Nebraska Phlebotomy Technician Program Coordinator Health Professions Nebraska Methodist College – The Josie Harper Campus Omaha, Nebraska Susan King Strasinger, DA, MT(ASCP) Faculty Associate The University of West Florida Pensacola, Florida 16998_FM_i-xviii.qxd 7/1/09 11:01 PM Page iv F. A. Davis Company 1915 Arch Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 www.fadavis.com Copyright © 2010 by F. A. Davis Company Copyright © 2010 by F. A. Davis Company. All rights reserved. This product is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Senior Acquisitions Editor:Christa Fratantoro Manager of Content Development: George W. Lang Developmental Editor: David Payne Art and Design Manager: Carolyn O’Brien Cover photo courtesy of photos.com As new scientific information becomes available through basic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies undergo changes. The author(s) and publisher have done everything possible to make this book accurate, up to date, and in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The author(s), editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of the book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each sit- uation. The reader is advised always to check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dose and contraindications before administering any drug. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Di Lorenzo, Marjorie Schaub, 1953- Blood collection : a short course / Marjorie Schaub Di Lorenzo, Susan King Strasinger. — 2nd ed. p. ; cm. Rev. ed. of: Blood collection in healthcare / Marjorie Schaub Di Lorenzo, Susan King Strasinger. c2002. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-8036-1699-8 ISBN-10: 0-8036-1699-6 ISBN-10: (invalid) 0-8036-2056-X 1. Blood—Collection and preservation. 2. Phlebotomy. I. Strasinger, Susan King. II. Di Lorenzo, Marjorie Schaub, 1953- Blood collection in healthcare. III. Title. [DNLM: 1. Phlebotomy—instrumentation. 2. Phlebotomy—methods. 3. Blood Specimen Collection—instrumen- tation. 4. Blood Specimen Collection—methods. QY 25 D525b 2009] RB45.15.D525 2009 616.07’561—dc22 2009002932 Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by F. A. Davis Company for users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service, provided that the fee of $.25 per copy is paid directly to CCC, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is: 8036-1699-6/10 (cid:2)$.25. 16998_FM_i-xviii.qxd 7/1/09 11:01 PM Page v To my husband, Scott, and my children, Michael, Christopher, and Lauren MSD To Harry, you will always be my Editor-in-Chief SKS 16998_FM_i-xviii.qxd 7/1/09 11:01 PM Page vi 16998_FM_i-xviii.qxd 7/1/09 11:01 PM Page vii Preface This short course textbook is designed to provide practicing health-care personnel with concise information on the proper techniques to collect quality blood specimens with minimal patient discomfort. The purpose of the book, Blood Collection: A Short Course,Edition 2, is primarily for the cross-training and continuing education of health-care professionals currently performing phlebotomy work or those who anticipate performing phlebotomy procedures in the future. Today’s concept of developing health-care teams to help streamline patient care has evolved to encompass the cross-training of nurses, respiratory therapists, radiographers, medical assistants, certified nursing assistants, and medical technologists. Phlebotomy has become a major part of this cross-training. Topics emphasized in the text include the following: • Types of blood required for specific lab tests • Purpose of these tests, vein selection, and alternate sites • Types of collection tubes and the purpose of anticoagulants • Order of draw • Test-specific handling • Complications and remedies • Storage and transportation conditions In addition, Blood Collection, Edition 2, includes two new chapters on point-of-care testing, and IVs and central venous access devices (CVADs). Information common to all health-care cur- riculums, such as safety precautions, anatomy and physiology, quality assurance, and patient- caregiver interactions, is covered only in the context of their relationship to the collection of blood specimens. This current comprehensive text provides a cost-effective, compact learning tool for phle- botomy short courses. Coverage of the following topics is included in this edition: • Blood collection equipment, including the newest safety devices • Technical procedures for venipuncture and dermal puncture • Special collection procedures, including access to central venous catheters and IV insertion and care • Specimen handling, storage, and transport procedures • Methods to increase the quality of blood specimens • Correlation of laboratory tests and clinical disorders • Quality assurance procedures required by laboratory regulatory agencies as they relate to phlebotomy Note that all procedures are written to comply with the standards set forth by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, The Joint Commission, and the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. vii 16998_FM_i-xviii.qxd 7/1/09 11:01 PM Page viii viii Preface Moreover, the following pedagogical features are included in this text to facilitate learning: • Learning objectives • Technical tips, to avoid complications, such as hematomas and hemolysis • Safety tips • Practical situation problem-solving exercises • Performance evaluation checklistsfor technical procedures • Review questions • Numerous illustrations, photographs, diagrams, charts, and tables • Internet Help This text provides a quick reference with the most current updates for blood collection skills. Appendices list reference material, such as frequently ordered laboratory tests with the required types of anticoagulants and volume of blood required. A summary of laboratory tests, their func- tions, and their clinical correlation is included. Answer keys for the situation problem-solving exercises and review questions sections also are available. A complete color tube guide lists all the different types of collection tubes, the additives, number of inversions required, and labora- tory uses of the tubes. A PowerPoint presentation, Lecture Outlines, and a Comprehensive Test with answers provide instructors who adopt the book with additional instructional tools. We specifically designed this text to meet the needs of nurses and other health-care profes- sionals who want and need to add a new phlebotomy competency or to reinforce past learned skills. It can be used to promote learning in academic settings, hospital-training sessions, or con- tinuing education courses. REFERENCES Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Procedures for the Collection of Diagnostic Blood Specimens by Venipuncture, ed. 6. Approved Standard, H3-A6, Wayne, PA, 2007. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Procedures for the Handling and Processing of Blood Specimens, ed. 3. Approved Guideline, H18-A3, Wayne, PA, 2004. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Procedures and Devices for the Collection of Diagnostic Capillary Blood Specimens, Approved Standard, ed. 6. H4-A6, Wayne, PA, 2008. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Tubes and Additives for Venous Blood Specimen Collection, Approved Standard, ed. 5, Wayne, PA, 2003. Elkin, Perry, & Potter, (2007). Nursing Intervention & Clinical Skills, 4th Edition. St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby, Inc. Policies and Procedures for Infusion Nursing, 3rd Edition, pages 168–172. Infusion Nurses Society, 2006. Strasinger, SK and Di Lorenzo, MS. The Phlebotomy Workbook, ed. 2. FA Davis, Philadelphia, 2003. 16998_FM_i-xviii.qxd 7/1/09 11:01 PM Page ix Contributors Brenda L. M. Franks, BS, MT(ASCP) Karen Maggio-LaRose, RN, MSN Point-of-Care Testing Coordinator Staff Nurse Nebraska Methodist Health System Joint Ambulatory Care Center Omaha, Nebraska Gulf Coast Veterans Health Care System Unit 7: Point-of-Care Testing Pensacola, Florida Unit 8: Intravenous Insertion and Central Venous Catheter Assess Reviewers Karen Gordon, CLS(NCA), MT(ASCP)SLS, PBT(ASCP) Brenna Ildza, MT (ASCP)SH, PBT Clinical Education Coordinator Director of Phlebotomy Education Program Phlebotomy Pathology Department Northern Virginia University Saint Luke’s Hospital Falls River, Virginia Kansas City, Missouri Jeanne Griffith, BS Patty Janousek, BSN, CRNI Director of Training Methodist Hospital OIC Training Academy IV Team Leader Fairmont, West Virginia Omaha, Nebraska Frankie Harris-Lyne, MLT (ASCP), CLS Mary Shivers Assistant Dean MLT Program Director Allied Health Division Copiah-Lincoln Community College Medical Laboratory Technology & Phlebotomy Wesson, Missouri Programs Diane Wolff, MLT(ASCP) Northern Virginia Community College Methodist Hospital Springfield, Virginia Phlebotomy Team Leader Omaha, Nebraska ix 16998_FM_i-xviii.qxd 7/1/09 11:01 PM Page x
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