Blood and soil : a world history of genocide and extermination from Sparta to Darfur

814 Pages·2007·11.6 MB·English

by  Kiernan

BLOOD AND SOIL
OTHER BOOKS BY BEN KIERNAN
Peasants and Politics in Kampuchea, 1942–1981 (coauthor)
Revolution and Its Aftermath in Kampuchea (coeditor)
How Pol Pot Came to Power: Colonialism, Nationalism, and Communism in
Cambodia, 1930–1975
Burchett: Reporting the Other Side of the World, 1939–1983 (editor) Pol Pot
Plans the Future: Confidential Leadership Documents from Democratic
Kampuchea, 1976–1977 (coeditor) Genocide and Democracy in Cambodia:
The Khmer Rouge, the United Nations, and the International Community
(editor) The Pol Pot Regime: Race, Power, and Genocide in Cambodia under
the Khmer Rouge, 1975–1979
Le génocide au Cambodge, 1975–1979: Race, idéologie et pouvoir
Conflict and Change in Cambodia (editor)
The Specter of Genocide: Mass Murder in Historical Perspective (coeditor)
Genocide and Resistance in Southeast Asia: Documentation, Denial, and
Justice in Cambodia and East Timor
BLOOD AND SOIL
A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to
Darfur
Ben Kiernan
The author has made his best efforts to secure permission for the use of all
copyrighted images and material. Any rightsholders with questions are
encouraged to contact the author care of Yale University Press.
Published with assistance from the Kingsley Trust Association Publication Fund
established by the Scroll and Key Society of Yale College. Also published with
assistance from the Mary Cady Tew Memorial Fund.
Copyright © 2007 by Ben Kiernan.
All rights reserved.
This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in
any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S.
Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written
permission from the publishers.
Designed by James J. Johnson and set in Minion Roman types by
Tseng Information Systems, Inc., Durham, North Carolina.
Printed in the United States of America by
R.R. Donnelley, Harrisonburg, Virginia.
The Library of Congress has cataloged the hardcover edition as follows:
Kiernan, Ben.
Blood and soil : a world history of genocide and extermination
from Sparta to Darfur / Ben Kiernan.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-300-10098-3 (cloth : alk. paper)
1. Genocide 2. Crimes against humanity. I. Title.
HV6322.7.K54 2007
304.6’63—dc22
2007001525
ISBN 978-0-300-14425-3 (pbk. : alk. paper)
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z 39.48-1992 (Permanence of
Paper).
It contains 30 percent postconsumer waste (PCW) and is certified by the Forest
Stewardship Council (FSC).
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
For Glenda Elizabeth Gilmore
Contents
List of Maps
Introduction
Part One. Early Imperial Expansion
1. Classical Genocide and Early Modern Memory
2. The Spanish Conquest of the New World, 1492–1600
3. Guns and Genocide in East Asia, 1400–1600
4. Genocidal Massacres in Early Modern Southeast Asia
Part Two. Settler Colonialism
Introductory Note
5. The English Conquest of Ireland, 1565–1603
6. Colonial North America, 1600–1776
7. Genocidal Violence in Nineteenth-Century Australia
8. Genocide in the United States
9. Settler Genocides in Africa, 1830–1910
Part Three. Twentieth-Century Genocides
Introductory Note
10. The Armenian Genocide: National Chauvinism in the Waning Ottoman
Empire
11. Blut und Boden: Germany and Nazi Genocide
12. Rice, Race, and Empire: Japan and East Asia
13. Soviet Terror and Agriculture
14. Maoism in China: A Rural Model of Revolutionary Violence
15. From the Mekong to the Nile: Genocide in Cambodia and Rwanda
Epilogue: Racial and Religious Slaughter from Bangladesh to Baghdad
Notes
Acknowledgments
Index
Illustrations
Maps
1. The ancient eastern Mediterranean
2. The ancient western Mediterranean
3. The Spanish conquest of the Caribbean
4. The Spanish conquest of Mexico and Guatemala
5. Early modern Dai Viet and its neighbors
6. Early modern Japan and Korea
7. Early modern Southeast Asia
8. Sixteenth-century Ireland
9. Early-seventeenth-century Virginia
10. Seventeenth-century New England
11. Early colonial New South Wales
12. Early colonial Van Diemen’s Land (Tasmania)
13. Port Phillip District (early colonial Victoria)
14. Colonial Queensland, northern and western Australia
15. U.S. expansion, 1776−1840
16. Indian habitations in the Ohio Country, 1753−86
17. Indian habitations in Mexican Texas and the Republic, 1820−46
18. Selected Indian habitations in northern California under U.S. rule, 1845−75
19. The French conquest of Algeria, 1830−75
20. German Southwest Africa, 1887−1910
21. The Armenian genocide, 1915–18
22. Nazi-occupied Europe, 1939−45