Blockchain Technology in Internet of Things

148 Pages·2019·3.868 MB·English

by  Liehuang Zhu, Keke Gai, Meng Li

Liehuang Zhu · Keke Gai · Meng Li
Blockchain
Technology
in Internet of
Things
Blockchain Technology in Internet of Things
Liehuang Zhu • Keke Gai (cid:129) Meng Li
Blockchain Technology
in Internet of Things
123
LiehuangZhu KekeGai
SchoolofComputerScienceand SchoolofComputerScienceand
Technology Technology
BeijingInstituteofTechnology BeijingInstituteofTechnology
Beijing,China Beijing,China
MengLi
CollegeofComputerScienceand
InformationEngineering
HefeiUniversityofTechnology
Hefei,China
ISBN978-3-030-21765-5 ISBN978-3-030-21766-2 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21766-2
©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2019
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Dedication
Wepayourhighestrespectandgratitudetotheeditorsfortheirsupportinpublishing
thisbookandthankallreviewersandpeersfortheirpreciousadviceinbetteringthis
book. We also thank the School of Computer Science and Technology in Beijing
InstituteofTechnologyandallourcolleaguesinthelabfortheirsupportandhelp
incompletingthisbook.Wefurtherappreciateourfamiliesfortheirunconditional
love. We still remember the holidays and vacations when we were finishing this
bookwhilenotkeepingourfamiliescompany.
Dr. Zhu would like to thank his wife, Fang Guan; daughter, Jie Zhu; mother,
LingyingZeng;brothers,LiehuiZhu;andmanyotherrelativesfortheircontinuous
love,support,trust,andencouragementthroughouthislife.Withoutthem,noneof
thiswouldhavehappened.
Dr.Gaidedicatesthisworktohisparents,fatherJinchunGaiandmotherTianmei
Li,whohavebroughthimupandsacrificedsomuch,aswellashiswife,Xiaotong
Sun. He could never have done this without his parents’ and wife’s love, support,
andconstantencouragement.AsincereappreciationtoallKeke’sfamilymembers
fortheircontinuouslove.
MengLiwouldliketothankhisfather,RuxueLi,andhismother,HuiWang,for
theirendlessloveandcare.Hegiveshisgratitudetohisdoctoralsupervisorandco-
supervisors,LiehuangZhu,ZijianZhang,andXiaodongLin.Finally,heisgrateful
foreverythinghehasexperienced,acquired,andexpectedintheBeijingInstituteof
Technology.
v
Foreword
ThisbookfocusesonpicturingB-IoTtechniquesfromafewperspectives,whichare
architecture,keytechnologies,securityandprivacy,servicemodelsandframework,
practical use cases, etc. The main contents of this book are derived from the
most updated technical achievements or breakthroughs in the field. A number of
representativeIoTserviceofferingswillbecoveredbythisbook,suchasvehicular
networks, document sharing system, and telehealth. Both theoretical and practical
contents will be involved in this book in order to assist the readers to have a
comprehensive and deep understanding of the mechanism of using blockchain for
poweringupIoTsystems.
This book facilitates students and learners to acquire some basic knowledge of
IoTand blockchain andsupportsbothpractitioners andscholarstofind somenew
insightsinB-IoTsystems.
vii
Preface
The blockchain-enabled Internet of Things (B-IoT) is deemed a novel technical
alternative that provides network-based services with additional functionalities,
benefits, and implementations in terms of decentralization, immutability, and
auditability.Towardstheenhancedsecureandprivacy-preservingInternetofThings
(IoT), this book introduces few significant aspects of B-IoT, which includes the
fundamental knowledge of both blockchain and IoT, state-of-the-art reviews of B-
IoTapplications,crucialcomponentsintheB-IoTsystemandthemodeldesign,and
futuredevelopmentpotentialsandtrends.
IoTtechnologiesandservices,e.g.,clouddatastoragetechnologiesandvehicular
services, play important roles in wireless technology developments. On the other
side, blockchain technologies are being adopted in a variety of academic societies
and professional realms due to its promising characteristics. It is observable that
the research and development on integrating these two technologies will provide
criticalthinkingandsolidreferencesforcontemporaryandfuturenetwork-relevant
solutions.
This book focuses on picturing B-IoT techniques from a few perspectives,
which are architecture, key technologies, security and privacy, service models and
framework, practical use cases, etc. The main contents of this book derive from
most updated technical achievements or breakthroughs in the field. A number of
representativeIoTserviceofferingswillbecoveredbythisbook,suchasvehicular
networks, document sharing system, and telehealth. Both theoretical and practical
contents will be involved in this book in order to assist the readers to have a
comprehensive and deep understanding of the mechanism of using blockchain for
poweringupIoTsystems.
This book facilitates students and learners to acquire some basic knowledge of
IoTand blockchain andsupportsbothpractitioners andscholarstofind somenew
insightsinB-IoTsystems.
Beijing,China LiehuangZhu
Beijing,China KekeGai
Hefei,China MengLi
ix
Acknowledgments
The authors in this book intend to express their highest and truest gratitude to all
theparticipantswhocontributeandsupportthiswork.Allthesupports,advice,and
encouragement made by peer experts, scholars, students, and the lab in BIT are
remarkably meaningful and invaluable for the accomplishment of this book. The
authorssincerelyappreciatealltheindividualsandorganizationswhoreinforceand
raisethequalityofthisbook.
Beijing,China LiehuangZhu
Beijing,China KekeGai
Hefei,China MengLi
February2019
xi
Contents
PartI BasicConceptsandMechanismsofBlockchaininInternet
ofThings
1 Introduction .................................................................. 3
1.1 Overview ................................................................ 3
1.2 Blockchain............................................................... 4
1.3 InternetofThings....................................................... 5
1.4 BlockchainApplicationsinInternetofThings........................ 5
1.5 SecurityandPrivacyinInternetofThings............................. 6
2 BlockchainandInternetofThings......................................... 9
2.1 Overview ................................................................ 9
2.2 TechnicalDimensionsofBlockchain.................................. 10
2.2.1 Blockchain ...................................................... 10
2.2.2 ConsensusMechanisms ........................................ 16
2.2.3 KeyCharacteristics............................................. 18
2.2.4 ApplicationsofBlockchain .................................... 19
2.3 KeyIssuesinInternetofThings........................................ 20
2.3.1 FundamentalConceptsinInternetofThings.................. 20
2.3.2 ArchitectureofInternetofThings ............................. 22
2.3.3 EvaluationMetricsofInternetofThings...................... 23
2.3.4 FunctionEnhancement ......................................... 24
2.3.5 ApplicationsofInternetofThings............................. 27
2.4 Summary ................................................................ 28
3 SecurityandPrivacyIssuesinInternetofThings........................ 29
3.1 Overview ................................................................ 29
3.2 SecurityIssuesinInternetofThings................................... 30
3.2.1 Confidentiality .................................................. 30
3.2.2 Integrity ......................................................... 32
3.2.3 Authentication .................................................. 34
xiii
xiv Contents
3.3 PrivacyConcernsinInternetofThings................................ 35
3.3.1 Identity .......................................................... 35
3.3.2 Location......................................................... 36
3.3.3 Trajectory ....................................................... 38
3.3.4 ReportandQuery............................................... 38
3.4 Summary ................................................................ 39
PartII BlockchaininPrivacy-Preserving CloudDataStorage
Services
4 Blockchain-EnabledCloudDataPreservationServices................. 43
4.1 Overview ................................................................ 43
4.2 TechnicalDimensionsinCloudDataPreservationServices.......... 44
4.2.1 EssentialComponents.......................................... 44
4.2.2 ThreatModel.................................................... 44
4.2.3 DesignGoals.................................................... 45
4.3 BasicTechniquesinCloudDataPreservationServices............... 46
4.3.1 PreservationSubmission ....................................... 46
4.3.2 PrimitivenessVerification ...................................... 47
4.4 Solution.................................................................. 49
4.4.1 DataSubmission................................................ 50
4.4.2 PrimitivenessIdentification .................................... 50
4.5 UseCase................................................................. 51
4.6 Summary ................................................................ 52
5 Blockchain-EnabledControllableDataManagement................... 53
5.1 Overview ................................................................ 53
5.2 TechnicalDimensionsinBlockchain-BasedControllableData
Management............................................................. 54
5.2.1 EssentialComponents.......................................... 54
5.2.2 ThreatModel.................................................... 55
5.2.3 DesignGoals.................................................... 56
5.3 BridgingBlockchainwithDataManagement ......................... 56
5.4 Solution.................................................................. 56
5.4.1 SystemInitialization............................................ 56
5.4.2 DocumentModification ........................................ 57
5.4.3 DocumentManagement........................................ 57
5.4.4 UserRegistration ............................................... 58
5.4.5 VotingandCounting............................................ 58
5.5 UseCase................................................................. 59
5.5.1 ExperimentEvaluation ......................................... 59
5.6 Summary ................................................................ 59