ebook img

Blockchain in Life Sciences (Blockchain Technologies) PDF

349 Pages·2022·7.742 MB·English
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.

Preview Blockchain in Life Sciences (Blockchain Technologies)

Blockchain Technologies Wendy Charles   Editor Blockchain in Life Sciences Blockchain Technologies SeriesEditors DhananjaySingh ,DepartmentofElectronicsEngineering,HankukUniversityof ForeignStudies,Yongin-si,Korea(Republicof) Jong-HoonKim,KentStateUniversity,Kent,OH,USA MadhusudanSingh ,EndicottCollegeofInternationalStudies,Woosong University,Daejeon,Korea(Republicof) This book series aims to provide details of blockchain implementation in technology and interdisciplinary fields such as Medical Science, Applied Mathematics, Environmental Science, Business Management, and Computer Science. It covers an in-depth knowledge of blockchain technology for advance and emerging future technologies. It focuses on the Magnitude: scope, scale & frequency, Risk: security, reliability trust, and accuracy, Time: latency & timelines, utilization and implementation details of blockchain technologies. While Bitcoin and cryptocurrency might have been the first widely known uses of blockchain technology, but today,ithasfarmanyapplications.Infact,blockchainisrevolutionizingalmosteveryindustry. Blockchainhasemergedasadisruptivetechnology,whichhasnotonlylaidthefoundationfor all crypto-currencies, but also provides beneficial solutions in other fields of technologies. The features of blockchain technology include decentralized and distributed secure ledgers, recording transactions across a peer-to-peer network, creating the potential to remove unintendederrorsbyprovidingtransparencyaswellasaccountability.Thiscouldaffectnotonly thefinancetechnology(crypto-currencies)sector,butalsootherfieldssuchas: Crypto-economicsBlockchain EnterpriseBlockchain BlockchainTravelIndustry EmbeddedPrivacyBlockchain BlockchainIndustry4.0 BlockchainSmartCities, BlockchainFuturetechnologies, BlockchainFakenewsDetection, BlockchainTechnologyandIt’sFutureApplications ImplicationsofBlockchaintechnology BlockchainPrivacy BlockchainMiningandUsecases BlockchainNetworkApplications BlockchainSmartContract BlockchainArchitecture BlockchainBusinessModels BlockchainConsensus BitcoinandCryptocurrencies,andrelatedfields The initiatives in which the technology is used to distribute and trace the communication start point, provide and manage privacy, and create trustworthy environment, are just a few examples of the utility of blockchain technology, which also highlight the risks, such as privacy protection. Opinion on the utility of blockchain technology has a mixed conception. Some are enthusiastic; others believe that it is merely hyped. Blockchain has also entered the sphere of humanitarian and development aids e.g. supply chain management, digital identity, smart contracts and many more. This book series provides clear concepts and applications of Blockchain technology and invites experts from research centers, academia, industry and governmenttocontributetoit. Ifyouareinterestedincontributingtothisseries,[email protected] [email protected] Wendy Charles Editor Blockchain in Life Sciences Editor WendyCharles UniversityofColorado Centennial,CO,USA ISSN 2661-8338 ISSN 2661-8346 (electronic) BlockchainTechnologies ISBN 978-981-19-2975-5 ISBN 978-981-19-2976-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2976-2 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNature SingaporePteLtd.2022 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuse ofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,and transmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilar ordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthors,andtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore ToChrisandKatieforyourtremendous patienceandunderstanding. Foreword “Sciencewillbeblockchainedby2025.” This was the bold claim I made way back in 2017 after 20 years of scientific research and ayear of investigating this nascent technology thatwas transforming otherindustriesfromfinancetosupplychain.Assomeonewhohadbeeninvolved across the entire spectrum of medical research from bench to bedside, this future incorporationofblockchaintoscienceseemedinevitableevenifmytitleandtimeline weremeanttobeprovocative.Somewereskepticaloftheidea,otherswerehostile (myfederalbossesatthetimeorderedmetostoptalkingaboutblockchain),while most didn’t know what blockchain was or simply didn’t notice. But there were a growingnumberofpeopleexploringthispossibilityandhowtomakeithappen—one oftheseearlyleaderswasDr.WendyCharles. WhenIwasfirstintroducedtoDr.Charlesin2019,shewaswelldownthesame pathIwas,havingseentheobviousvalueofapplyingatransparent,tamper-resistant, decentralizedauditlayertotheworld’smostpreciousdatasystem—science.Wendy had her own rich history in clinical research, with robust regulatory experience combined with a formal study of informatics. And, I soon learned, she had the most robust library of blockchain applied to healthcare and life sciences literature ontheplanetwhichshehadpersonallycurated.Iimmediatelysignedheruptobe interviewed for a book I was co-authoring on the topic of blockchain for medical research.Westartedworkingtogetheronapaperabouttheregulatoryimplications of blockchain applied to clinical research which has become a foundational piece in the industry. We have continued to write, present, develop curricula, and teach togetheronthetopicofblockchainforscientificresearchasexplorationandusage haveskyrocketedinbothpublicandprivatesectors. Sometimes,thebestwaytopredictthefutureistocreateit. IhavebeeninaweofWendy’snuancedunderstandingofthefinedetailsofthe scientificprocessandrelatedinformationflow,especiallytheregulatorycomponents ofclinicalresearch.Itisthisknowledgethatallowedhertoquicklyassessthevalue ofblockchainandrelateddistributeddataledgersappliedtothelifesciences.Given hermeticulousfocusonthedetailsofthealignmentofthesetworecentlyintersecting worlds,shehasrapidlybecomeoneoftheworld’sforemostauthoritiesonthetopic. vii viii Foreword Much of the early interest in the topic has been technically or scientifically deep, but not both. The academic rigor for anything we apply the scientific method to, or apply to it, must be appropriate for field. It is this very rigor that is required to understandandelicitthetremendousvaluewecanachievebyapplyingblockchain tolifesciences.Dr.CharlesisthebestpersonIknowtodeliverthisrigor. IcanthinkofnoonebetterthanWendytodivedeepintothistopicandassemble someofthemostinsightfulexplorationsofwhatisbeingdoneandwhatispossible for blockchain applied to life sciences as you will find in this book. When I co- authoredBlockchainforMedicalResearch:AcceleratingTrustinHealthcare(2020, CRCPress)withYaelBizouati-Kennedy,itspurposewastobridgetheunderstanding gapbetweenresearchersandtechnologistswewereseeinginthisnascentarea,atan accessible introductory level. Here with Blockchain in Life Sciences: Technology that Accelerates Scientific Advancements, Dr. Charles explores the technical and scientificdepthsrequiredtomovetheuseofblockchaininlifesciencestothenext level. Along with her contributing authors, Wendy covers all major categories of use casesandtechnicaldetailforblockchaininlifesciencestoprovidescientists,admin- istrators, providers, regulators, technologists, and other related professionals the foundationforadvancingtheuseofthisemergingtechnologytorapidlytransform research. With a keen eye toward both scientific and technical depth, this volume goes beyond any collection beforeand willcertainly serveas thedefinitive source for study and application in this area. This collection will have a major impact on lifesciencesoperationsinpublic,private,andacademicsettingsforyearstocome. Thisimpactwon’tsimplybeoneofscientificinterest.Itwilldeliverreal-world advancestohowquicklywecanmovenewideastoimprovehealthintotrustedand widespreadusewiththetrustofscienceautomatedbyblockchain.Whetheritwill be to rapidly advance the moonshot against cancer, find better ways to tackle the growing Alzheimer’s epidemic, or prepare us to better respond to the next global pandemic,theaccelerationblockchaincanbringtothecreationofactionableknowl- edge through enhanced life sciences practice will save lives. That’s why science needstobeblockchained,andthisbookwillhelpmakethatareality. Pittsburgh,PA,USA SeanT.Manion,Ph.D. October2021 ChiefScienceOfficer,Equideum Preface Ifirstlearnedaboutthepotentialapplicationsofblockchainforlifesciencesresearch in2017whileattendingapharmaceuticalconferencedirectedtomobilehealthtech- nologies.Eachconferencespeakerdiscussedtheneedforblockchaininlifesciences andtheimportanceofdetermininghowblockchaincouldfitintoeachorganization’s ecosystem.Afterspendingnearly30yearsinlifesciencesresearch,thisconference beganmypassionandpursuitofimplementingblockchaintoenablethistechnology’s potentialtoadvanceresearchdatacapabilitiesandoutcomes. The more I became involved in the blockchain community, the more I realized thatprogrammerswereunfamiliarwiththecultureandregulationsinvolvedinlife sciencesresearch.Similarly,thoseinthelifesciencesindustryheldmanymiscon- ceptions about blockchain technology and its potential to improve life sciences research.Irealizedtheimportanceofassemblingabookthataddressedkeyeduca- tionalconceptsaboutblockchaininlifesciencesresearch.IwasthrilledthatSpringer NaturePublishingagreedthatthereisaneedforabookinthisareaandencouraged metorecruitmyfriendsandcolleaguesasauthors.Thisbookbecamealaboroflove asIrealizedtheimpactthisknowledgewillhaveonenhancinglifesciencesresearch. PurposeofThisBook The purpose of this book is to educate the academic community and life sciences industries about the current uses of blockchain in life sciences research and the uniqueresearchanddevelopmentopportunitiesenabledbyblockchain.Eachchapter revealscurrentusesofblockchainindrugdiscovery,druganddevicetracking,real- worlddatacollection,andincreasedpatientengagementtounlockopportunitiesto advance life sciences research. The chapters also reveal possible challenges and regulatoryimplicationsforresponsibleimplementation.Inmanyways,individuals andorganizationsinvolvedinlifesciencesresearchmustengageinaparadigmshift about blockchain opportunities to empower research participants and enable data capabilities. ix x Preface OrganizationofThisBook Thisbookisorganizedintotwoprimarysections: • Part: Blockchain Uses and Real World Evidence (Chapters “Introduction toBlockchain”through“ABlockchain-EmpoweredFederatedLearningSystem andthePromisingUseinDrugDiscovery”) • Part:ConsiderationsforEnsuringSuccessofBlockchaininLifeSciencesResearch (Chapters “Valuing Research Data: Blockchain-Based Management Methods” through“TheFutureofBlockchain”) ThefirstPart,BlockchainUsesandRealWorldEvidence,introducesblockchain technologies and provides examples of uses in pillars within specific life sciences industries. • Chapter“IntroductiontoBlockchain”.Thischapterintroducesbasicinformation about the common characteristics of blockchain technologies and the features theyaddtolifesciencesresearch. • Chapter“BlockchaininPharmaceuticalResearchandthePharmaceuticalValue Chain”. This chapter outlines contemporary and future blockchain-integrated solutionstoaccelerateandoptimizedrugdiscoveryanddevelopmentpathways. Italsoexploreskeyopportunitieswell-alignedwithblockchainforthefivemain categoriesofthepharmaceuticalvaluechain. • Chapter “Blockchain-Based Scalable Network for Bioinformatics and Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)”. This chapter describes blockchain-based solutions forIoMTdatamanagementaswellasindividualengagementandempowerment. • Chapter “Blockchains and Genomics: Promises and Limits of Technology”. This chapter explores the various existing and potential models for genomic blockchains, reviews some shortcomings and unmet needs, and explains why no technical solution alone will fulfill the promise of genomic data ownership withoutregulation. • Chapter“ConvergenceofBlockchainandAIforIoTinConnectedLifeSciences”. This chapter discusses how blockchain and AI can help govern inherent and residualrisksassociatedwithIoT-enabledtechnologiesandhowtheseemerging technology platforms can help catalyze the transfer of scientific discovery into newbiomedicalproductsandservicestoimprovethedeliveryofhealthcareand patientoutcomes. • Chapter “A Blockchain-Empowered Federated Learning System and the Promising Use in Drug Discovery”. This chapter discusses federated learning and proposes a blockchain-empowered coordinatorless decentralized, federatedlearningplatform. The second Part, Considerations for Ensuring Success of Blockchain in Life Sciences Research, provides organizational considerations of the components of blockchainimplementation.

See more

The list of books you might like

Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.