Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology Use Cases: Applications and Lessons Learned

337 Pages·2020·8.055 MB·English

by  Horst Treiblmaier, Trevor Clohessy

Progress in IS
Horst Treiblmaier
Trevor Clohessy Editors
Blockchain
and Distributed
Ledger Technology
Use Cases
Applications and Lessons Learned
Progress in IS
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Horst Treiblmaier Trevor Clohessy
(cid:129)
Editors
Blockchain and Distributed
Ledger Technology Use
Cases
Applications and Lessons Learned
123
Editors
HorstTreiblmaier Trevor Clohessy
Department ofInternational Management Department ofEnterprise andTechnology
Modul University Vienna Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology
Vienna,Austria Galway, Ireland
ISSN 2196-8705 ISSN 2196-8713 (electronic)
Progressin IS
ISBN978-3-030-44336-8 ISBN978-3-030-44337-5 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44337-5
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Preface
Only a decade ago, who would have thought that the decentralization of databases
would turn into a topic not only of interest to computer scientists and technicians
butalsotoC-levelmanagers,politicians,andthegeneralpublic?Backin1991,the
idea of connecting data blocks via hashed data was conceived by cryptographers
ScottStornettaandStuartHaber.Since1995,theirtechniquecanactuallybefound
inTheNewYorkTimes.Similarly,thereleaseoftheseminalBitcoinpaperin2008
and the first working client in 2009 by the pseudonymous Satoshi Nakamoto did
not immediately put blockchain into the mainstream spotlight. Only a handful of
cryptographers and technology-savvy people, many of whom were affiliated with
the cypherpunk movement, started to exchange value in a peer-to-peer network. It
was not until 2015 that Bitcoin turned from a sleeping beauty into a global phe-
nomenon of interest embodying a multitude of positive and negative attributes.
Even more important, its underlying technology became an object of scrutiny,
which triggered an enormous hype in which blockchain was envisioned as a
potential solution for almost any conceivable problem. The hype was short-lived
but what remained is a technology that, albeit not being a silver bullet, has the
potential to solve numerous pending and highly relevant problems that cannot be
tackledequallywellwithtraditionalcentralizeddatabasesolutions.Theblockchain
hype has also left its mark on academia, and numerous papers were published that
describe potential use cases, relevant theories, and technological advancements.
Creative solutions were propagated ranging from transforming supply chains
toward creating new forms of national governance. We are now witnessing a
second wave of academic research, and the time is ripe for the rigorous investi-
gation of existing and novel blockchain use cases and blockchain case studies.
Researchers, equipped with an arsenal of different methods, now critically inves-
tigate blockchain applications and report its advantages and use case applications.
With this book entitled, Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology Use
Cases:ApplicationsandLessonsLearned,wefillagapinthemarketandpresenta
wide selection of use cases, analyzed with academic rigor. This book contains
conceptualpapers,casestudies,literaturereviewsandtechnicalperspectiveswhich
traversetopicsasdiverseashealthcare,finance,smartcities,publicadministration,
v
vi Preface
and supply chain management. We hope that the different angles and approaches
will be inspiring for other researchers as well as practitioners and can serve as the
basis for further rigorous blockchain research. We start this book with an intro-
ductorychapterfrom Horst Treiblmaier,whichisareprintfrom apaper published
in “Frontiers in Blockchain.” In this chapter, he lays the foundation on how to
design and report blockchain case studies. Next, Thomas Osterland and Thomas
Rose develop a maturity model for the engineering of distributed ledgers that
distinguishesbetweendifferentcapabilitiesandfunctional scopes.TrevorClohessy
and Saima Clohessy use an inductive grounded theory approach to investigate
pharmaceutical use cases and present a multilayer pharmaceutical blockchain vig-
ilant information system model. Another example from the healthcare industry
stems from Rhode Ghislaine Nguewo Ngassam, Roxana Ologeanu-Taddei, Jorick
Lartigau, and Isabelle Bourdon, who design a blockchain-based allergy card that
registers, shares, and traces information about users’ drug allergies. Since block-
chain was popularized by a cryptocurrency, it is not surprising that this book also
contains use cases from the financial industry. Marco Crepaldi outlines the legal
landscape for information exchange and establishes several desirable principles to
which information exchange should adhere. Andrew Le Gear navigates the regu-
latory landscape for digital security offerings and presents a compliant blockchain
solution, on the way to discussing the key compliance concerns of know your
customer (KYC), anti-money laundering (AML), custody, tokenization, and sec-
ondary trading as part of a distributed exchange. When it comes to blockchain,
privacynaturallyisabigissueandblockchainhasbeenheraldedbothasapotential
threattoprivacyandasaprivacy-preservingtechnology. WolfgangRadinger-Peer
andBernhardKolmdescribetheapplicationofblockchaintechnologytofulfillthe
GDPR documentation requirements for a log management system (LMS). Matias
Travizano, Carlos Sarraute, Mateusz Dolata, Aaron M. French, and Horst
Treiblmaier tackle the issue from a marketing perspective and present a solution
which not only allows Internet users to preserve their anonymity but also enables
them to capitalize on their private data.
Blockchain has also been announced as a technology that might help to create
sustainable solutions. One such example is presented by Ushnish Sengupta and
Henry Kim, who highlight the potential of smart contracts to provide a layer of
assurance that agreements between indigenous communities and the natural
resources industry will be honored. Esther Nagel and Johann Kranz present
blockchain-based smart city applications and identify start-up archetype domains
suchasthesharingeconomy,privacyandsecurity,andtheInternet ofthings.This
leadsstraighttoapplicationscenariosinthepublicsectorasdemonstratedbyHorst
TreiblmaierandChristianSillaberwhoexamineausecaseinthestategovernment
of South Tyrol in Southern Italy. Dominik Röck, Felix Schöneseiffen, Michael
Greger,andErikHofmanncriticallyexaminewhetherdistributedledgertechnology
canbeausefuladditiontothesmartfactoryconceptwithinthecontextofIndustry
4.0.Movingtotheprivatesector,PatrickSchneck,AndranikTumasjan,andIsabell
Welpe scrutinize the applicability of blockchain technology for sharing economy
platforms to challenge incumbents’ business models. Bikram Shrestha, Malka N.
Preface vii
Halgamuge, and Horst Treiblmaier present the result from a literature review and
illustratewhichplatformsandfeaturesareofferedbyblockchain-basedmultimedia
platforms. Finally, Wout Hofmann ends this book with a plea for using distributed
ledger technology to increase supply chain visibility.
Wehopethatthereaderswillfindthewiderangeofusecases,investigatedwith
differentmethods,inspiringanduseful.Thechaptersinthisbooknotonlyhighlight
what can be done with blockchain but also demonstrate several limitations. The
secondwaveofblockchainapplicationsandresearchisalreadyhere,andweenjoy
being part of this exciting development. We encourage the readers to study these
use cases and case studiesand touse them as aninspiration for theirown research
and application development.
Vienna, Austria Horst Treiblmaier
Galway, Ireland Trevor Clohessy
Contents
Toward More Rigorous Blockchain Research: Recommendations
for Writing Blockchain Case Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Horst Treiblmaier
From a Use Case Categorization Scheme Towards a Maturity Model
for Engineering Distributed Ledgers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Thomas Osterland and Thomas Rose
What’s in the Box? Combating Counterfeit Medications
in Pharmaceutical Supply Chains with Blockchain Vigilant
Information Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Trevor Clohessy and Saima Clohessy
A Use Case of Blockchain in Healthcare: Allergy Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Rhode Ghislaine Nguewo Ngassam, Roxana Ologeanu-Taddei,
Jorick Lartigau, and Isabelle Bourdon
International Exchange of Financial Information on Distributed
Ledgers: Outlook and Design Blueprint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Marco Crepaldi
A Blockchain Supported Solution for Compliant Digital Security
Offerings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Andrew Le Gear
A Blockchain-Driven Approach to Fulfill the GDPR Recording
Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Wolfgang Radinger-Peer and Bernhard Kolm
Wibson: A Case Study of a Decentralized, Privacy-Preserving
Data Marketplace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Matias Travizano, Carlos Sarraute, Mateusz Dolata, Aaron M. French,
and Horst Treiblmaier
ix
x Contents
Business Process Transformation in Natural Resources Development
Using Blockchain: Indigenous Entrepreneurship, Trustless
Technology, and Rebuilding Trust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Ushnish Sengupta and Henry Kim
Smart City Applications on the Blockchain: Development
of a Multi-layer Taxonomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Esther Nagel and Johann Kranz
A Case Study of Blockchain-Induced Digital Transformation
in the Public Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Horst Treiblmaier and Christian Sillaber
Analyzing the Potential of DLT-based Applications
in Smart Factories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Dominik Roeck, Felix Schöneseiffen, Michael Greger, and Erik Hofmann
Next Generation Home Sharing: Disrupting Platform Organizations
with Blockchain Technology and the Internet of Things? . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Patrick Schneck, Andranik Tumasjan, and Isabell M. Welpe
Using Blockchain for Online Multimedia Management:
Characteristics of Existing Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Bikram Shrestha, Malka N. Halgamuge, and Horst Treiblmaier
Supply Chain Visibility Ledger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Wout J. Hofman