Blessings in Disguise: or, the Morality of Evil PDF
Preview Blessings in Disguise: or, the Morality of Evil
BLESSINIGNS DISGUISOER;, THE MORALITY OF EVIL JeaSnt arobinski TranslabtyeA dr thGuorl dhammer HARVAURNDI VERSPIRTEYS S CAMBRIDGMEA,S SACTHTUSS E 1993 Copyri1g9h9bt3yt hPere sidaenFndet ll oowfHs a rvCaorllde ge © rigrehstesr ved All Pr.i nitnt� hdUe n itSetdao tfAme esr ica 10986754312 Origipnuabllliayss h Reedm eddaenl sme a lC:r iteitlq eugei tidmea tion Le l'artli'fi�dcgeeLes u mieCroepsy.r iEgdhitt Giaollnism 1a9r8d9,. � © Thibso oikps r inotnae cdi d-freaen idpt basip nedm�ina.gt erials havbee ecnh osfoersn t reanngddtu hr ability. Tarnslaotfti hvoionsl uhmaebs e eani dbeyad g rafrnotmt hFere ncMhi niosfCt urlyt ure. LibroafCr oyn gCraetssa loging-Diant-aP ublication StarobJienasnki., [Remdeadnlesme a !E.n glish] Blesisnid nigssgo uriT,sh meeo; r aolfei vtiyJl e aSnt arobinski; I transblyAa rttehGduo rl dhammer. p.c m. Transloaf:t iroenm eddaenl sme a !. Le Inclbuidbeliso graphiacanlid n redfeexr.e nces ISB0N- 674-0(7alk6p.4a 7p-e8r ) 1.�r enlictlte ratucree-n1t8utry-hH iasntcrdoi rtyi cism. 2F.r enlictlte rature-Gre3eM.kyt hionlfliounlige tyne creast.u re. '4 E.t hiinlc ist er5aE.tv iuilnr li et.e raIt.u rTei:t le. TitBllee:s isnid nigssgI uIiTIsi.etM .lo er:a olfEi vtiyl . �II. PQ265.1S979331 3 840.9'353-dc20 9217-519 CIP CONTENTS Tirn WORD C1v1L1ZATION 1 l ON FLATTERY 2 36 EXILSEA,T IRTEY,R ANNMYO:N TESQUIEU'S 3 PERSILAENT TERS 60 VOLTAIRDEO'USB LE-BARRMEULSEKDE T 4 84 THEA NTIDOTIENT HEP OISOTNH:E T HOUGHT 5 OFJ EAN-JACQRUOEUSS SEAU 118 : F6A BLAEN DM YTHOLOGIYNT HES EVENTEENTH ANDE IGHTEENCTEHN TURIES 169 EPILOGU"EA:sI D ETESHTA DESG'A TES" 194 NOTES 215 INDEX 231 Blesgssii nnD isguoir;sT·eh ;eM orayl oiftE vil 1 THE WORD CIVILIZATION I The mmaijloers itnto hnheei ss tooftr hywe o rcdi vialritezo daatiyo n moroerl essast isfaucntdoerrislTtyho eFo rde.nw1co hr dcsi (vtihli r teenth acnecdn tiuvr(iyfoul)ri tteecene tnht urreya)dr ielvyte haeli r Latainnt eceTdheevn etrcsb.i viisnl oiatst eterus nttesidol mw ehat later. iOtnu es eidfin n dstsih xet eceennttwhui rttyWho different meanings: Tob ritnocg i tvyit,lom i akmea nnceirvasin mldi lFdo.er x ample, 1. Monta"iCgenduxeu :R oyaudmeMe e xiecsot oaiuecnutn epmleunst civieltpi lsuezs aqrutielsseat sue tsnr aetsi doeln as(" T hpee opolfe thKei ngdoofMm exi cow eres oimwnea ymso rcei violrmi ozerde artitshtatinhoc et her onfta htpaiatoro ntfst hweo rld). Inj urisprcuidveimnlecisaeetn,rotc hanagc er iminianlta o c ase 2. civoiln e.2 Thes ecomneda ning srwuvoiuuvlnedt a itll e atshtee n odf t he eightceeenntt(uhLr iyti tnhr ieds,i cti,io nndairctyahtaetws o trhde wauss etdhw iasy" int hpea s)tT.h" isse nwsaets h e fobrat shnieso un civilwhiistcahhDte �i cotinio,ru nenne iarv(sTer!uex vd)oe"fi naesfod l lowisni 74"3eT:r mo fju rispruAnd aecntcj euo.sf to irjc ued gment thraetn daec rrsi mtirnicaaillv Ci ilv.i liasic scaotmipbloyinc so hned · vertiinnfogr mat(ifioonrnmsa)ti nitioonn qsue(setnseq sou)r€b yt othmeera .nT"sh nee olofogrimcaatolif to hnse i gniiasfin ie mrp ortant momenTth.es omewlhaattae prp earoaftn hcseea mweo ridnt he modseernwnsa ens o sto m ucahl exinceaoll oagsti hseemm ergence ofar ival "osfit ghsneai mfiseei dg"na ir fiievtrah,lwa otu slodo n win . outT.h jeu rimdeiacnaoilfnc gi vtiiilonsino ls oanmgeenrt iipnn etdh e Diticonndaeli' arAdece omf1i 7e9 8.3 Thefi rsdti ctitoomn eanrtyti howeno rcdi viilnti hs"eam todion erns"e nissteh Dei cntnriaeuoii nve(rrTseveo/ou f1x 7) 7He1r.ie st he entry: Termo fj urispr[uTdheen dceefi.n iwtaitsoh ner ne peed]a. t 1. 1743 Thaem id ehso mmuestseh4dwi o srf ords ociaSbetielh wiaottre d.. 2. Reliioignus n denthiea rbfislatyn mdo suts ebfurla koenh umanity; iitths e fi rssto uorfcci evz ialtiiIptor ne.a tcouh sea snc do ntinually recuasllt osc onfrayt,te osr onftioetunhr e arts. In1 789t hDei ctidoelnA 'ncaaid(refiemfte ihd ei tgiaovanem ) o re precise "dAecfitnoiifcot iniv oilnio:zrs i tnaogtft e h awthi icshc i vi leizdB.u"at se arals1y 7 L9.S5 n etlNaougve'eDsai uc tifroannnfaaiirse cnoetnnatde n uovecUreensas dt upi eoufrpalnef( Gaoitst i1n7g9e5n), gavteh diesfi nition: Thiwso rwdh,i wcahus s eodn liyna t echsneinctsaosel a tyh aa t crimcianwsaaelms a dcei viiusls ,et doe xpretshse aocfct iivoinl iz inogr t htee ndeonfc pyae optlope o loirsr ha thecro rrietcst to moraenscd u stboybm rsi nignictniogsv ioelct iay l uminaocutsi,v e, lovmionrga alibtyo unidngi onogwdo rk(Esv.Ce irtyi ozfEe unr ope itso day eumpboatnrh klieascds o tm boafct i vaitliiCoiznv.ai tliiozn ofm ores.) AsM orahsa s pooiunttth,wee od r cdi avtiiofllonius ritsosh uecdh ane xtednutr itnhRgee ovluttihoainttw asea styoa ttritbotu htee revolutsipoianrn aiertoy l otghiaistnmfa cbte lontgoae nde arlier periYoetda .sF5 r eoyb sercvievsi,cl aiuzgoahndtt ui roitnnhRg ee volu tioanlt lh meo reea sbielcya tuhspeee riwoadso nie nw hicahn y numboefnr o u�en ndinign- atiwoernfoe r mefrdo mv erebnsd iinng -icseetnrr:a ldiescmarotaitiqfsndea,et riaolni,s atfriaotne,r.nfrancisation, isamtuiinocni,p anlaitsiiasotaniptaoailhnnoe,tno ,n iustaitliiosna,t ion. 6 Civilwaisszo wa etalilc coentp htbaeyt1d 8S0e1b astiedni ndMo etr cier counatsa n ieto logTihsutmsh. we7o rqdu icckelayst eobd es eeans new. THEW ORDC IVILIZTAION 2 II Tot hdiasty h eirsne o r eastoodn o uwbhta wta sfi rsptr opobsye d Moraasn d lbayBt eenrv enMiisrtaebi:en ha iu1s,7 t5e6xL At'm dies homsm( pep1.31 667,,2 3 )7w,a tsh fier spte rsionFn r antcoue s teh'e worcdi viioilnnti h sea twsiodoeanlc yc enpotnejdu rsiedn8iLs cieat.lt re hada scribed topTu artgeowrthn,oai ltlye guesdeldy w otrhidena fragmeonfht i Dsi scsoulur'r hsi usintvoeiirnrs1 e7e5 bl1ulht,ee w as mislbeyDd u podnetN emoutrhsee,d iatnodr annoofTt uragtootr' s Oeu(v1r8ew1sh1o ) ,o ften towoiktht hloeir biegritniaels. 9 ThTere voauxu thdoirndso c th ootsheee ixra maptrl aen md.Io ni t thefoyun da w elcoamreg umientn hteb iarta tglaeit nhpseht i losophy oft hEenl ighteannmde Entnthc ey lopMeidriasbfatersfra .ou m,a ssert intgh a"ts ocviiarlta une"dsn "a tmuorraalli htaysd"u pplanted reli gioanr,g utehdar te liwgais"o tnhp er incsiopuarolcf ce i"v il,i zation whiwcahts a kaessn y nonywmiotsuhso ciitTaehbu.tis hl weo rcdi vili zatfiiroasnpt p eairnaee udl oogfry e liwghiiowcnah,ps r ainsoetd only asa r eprefosrsci(eva" e b rabkueat"l )as sou nifyainnmdgo derating influe(cn"ocnefr at"e)r.n ity Arou1n7dD7 i5d ecroontt ritbotu htaeeb dbR ea ynaHl'isst odierse deIuxn danee sss oanRy u ssiinwa h ich thcei vwiolarpdip zeaatris on sevetriaml"e Esm:a nciopraw thiaiotstn h,se a mteh ibnyga nother namcei,v iliziaaslt oinoagnn d,di fficwuolrt"1k 0 . Thuasl retahdewyre era eb undsaingttnh sca itv ilmiziagtwhietol nl becoams ee culsaurbisztefoidrrt eultieag nia opno,t hoefro esaisso n. III Thew orcdvii lizt�uastg aiionrnea dpa icdc epbtceaanucisetde r ew togetthhdeei rv eerxpsree ssoifapo rnese xciosntciTenhpgact to. n cept inclsuudcenhdo tiaosin .ritsp roveimnce onmtfosar dtv,a nicnee dsu catipoonl,im taenrn ecrusl,t iovfta htaeir oatnns sd c iegnrcoewsot,fh commearncinded us,at rnaydc quiosfimt aitoegnro ioaadlns ld ux u · ri.eT shew orrde ferfirrestdto t hper octehsamsta dien dividuals, natiaonnaldsl m, a nkicnidv i(apl riezeexdties rtaminn)gld a tteor the cumulraetsiouvfthle a tpt r ocIests esr.v eaud n iafysci onngc ept. Nostu rprliyas,si nttgehrgema inceudr rtehnacntyko is ts syn thetic poweirtts,o,b o e,c aams eu bjoeftc hte orreetflieccatli tohnee.n dF rom THEW ORD CIVILITZIAON 3 oft heei ghtceeennttuhrc yo uonntw,lr eistwseo rusal tdt emipdte nto titfyh per ereqoufic isivizitaletasis wo elnla si tmsa tearnimdao lr al componAemnotntsgh.m e o sitm porwtaaGsnu ti z(o1t8. "2!I8 n)cluded undtehroi nspe a ramofaucntht,es " a i"da,tr weoo thfaecrt [sC.i vili zatisounb]so ints wtcoso ndiatniidors ne sv ebaylt ewdso y mptoms: thdee veloopfsm oecnaitca tli vitoyfi nadnidva icdtuiatvlhip etr yo,g reosfss ociaenttdyh p er ogorfhe usmsai tnWyh.e remvaenre' xst ernal condiitgsia oinn ing,i mtphrroivivningg;,m wahnie'nrsne nevaret ru re irse veailtismneoglrs fep lenadniiddm lpyog sliyn-tbhye tsweo signs, anodft edne sptihtpeer ofouinmdp erfeocftt ihsoeon c sitaaltt hee, humarna caep plaaunpddrs o clcaiivmiosln "iz.lalt i Thweo rcdi vilwhiziadctiehon noat,p e rso ceenstse,tr hehedi story ofi deaatts h sea mtei maest hmeo desrenn osfte h weo rpdr ogress. Thtew woo rwdesr dee sttiomn aeidn tama oisnt inrteilmaattieo nship. Althou·bg ohtcho ubleud s eidn v aag suwee,e pingt hmewayen rnee r, sooenl icrietflienncsgot faig <?eneotridacei rm aetdd i scesruncicnegs sipveer iiobtde sc:ae mses etnodt eitaelr tmhipenr ee cpihsaeso efts h e civilpirzoictnehgsse st ,a ogfes so cpiraolg rHeissst,b.o o rtsyhp ecula tiavneed m pirsiecotau tlto, s keat" cha Tblheiasut doeprsri oqgurees del p'rehismuta i(no"hri stosryniocpasolift s h aed vanocfte hse humasnp itrobi otr,r aop wh rafrsoemC ondorcoetth)we-orir nd s, ar epreseonftt hameta iroconhfc iivzial�tihornos utgahog feg sr ad ualilnyc reaseicntgi opne.r f Inh isst uodfty h seu bjetchgter elaitn gEumiisBltee n ve·sn aiiysstt e wel"lF:r opmr iimtibvaer batroti hsem prceosnedniottfmi aoninn soectipy,e opdlies coav uenrievde grrsaadla ats iloonpw,r ocoefs s educaatnirdoe nfi nemesnhtoa,rc toin n sptraongtir nae nsa sr etah at thset atteirccmi vnioll oi'tyn agdeerq ucaotnevleayyn etddh ato,r dienr toc aptiutsrsee n asnecd o ntiithnyau,td o b ec alcleidv iliTzahitsi on. wanso sti mpahl iys tovireiwoc fsa olc iiewtta yas;l asnoo ptimistic, resolutely naonnsdto hmeeotluionmwgeiistc itaniltn,eg r proeft ation itesv olu.t"i1o2n Ferguisno�flnnuc,eb dyl ectguirvbeeysAn d aSmm iitn1h7 5s2e,e ms toh avbee etnh fier;ts otu steh weo rcdi viilnEi nzgaltHieisa ohl�ns o gavtehd ee arsetsa�t eomfte hnteth eoarcyc ortdowin hgi ch there are fours taogfeh su masno coiragla nizaasdt eifionnbe yed c onoamcic tivaintmdyo doef s ubsisstaevna(cgheeu: n ter-sgoaiectthnyeo,r -er) 4 THEWO RDC IVILITZIAON madpiacs tlso,er daenatgarriyc ualntidun rdauls,t rialM-ilcommercial. laforll owehdil se a1W3di .t houustit nhgwe o rcdi vilRoiuzsasteiauo n andG oguperto poass eidm ielvaorl utmioodneawlrh,yi ch enabled thetmoe stablish bceoteerwnrt ehmleoa dtoeifs o unbss isatntedh nec e powesrt rucDtiudreear.sow tes, a w eaernlviiesrthi,eoh niesdt oofr y civiliazsta htei ohnio sflt iobreoyrn tt hyme a rcLha.t Ceorn,d orcet distingnuiinpseeih roedfrdso mt heea rltireistbtoet shF er enRceh publwiicta,th e netrhra e seforrvt eh"defu tuprreo gorfet es�h su man spti.rS"it ill Cloamttpeerr o,p ohsi"esld a owft hrsetea. t1"e4s Butth etshee oorrpi heisl osoofhp ihsiteaosrnr eoy tt h iem portant thiTnhgec. r ucpioaiilnst t h atthu es oeft hsea mtee rcmi, vilization, tod escbroitbthehfu en damepnrtoacloe fhs iss taonrtdyh e en rde sult oft haptr oceesstsa blainas nhteidt bheetswiecsei nv ilizaantdai on hypotheptriicmaolsr tdai(tawelh ethbeecr a linltae tdu sraev;a, go err y barbsam.r)M iindwse rteh ussp urtroei dm agtihnaeev enutehse, caustehsme,e chanoifst mhjseuo rney ttharkoetunhg eh aTghees . actisounffix - atifoorcnue sst ot hionfka na genItft. h aatg einst confounwdiettdhh aec tiitos,nie btle fcoamuetso nomoiumtsa .y Or refers otmdoee termfaincitn(ogwr h iMcihr abceaalrule sl iRgoiuosn; seapue,er cftiyb;a ilniodtt heErnsl,i gmhettn.e)O nri mta yb ep lural izeodrd istriabmuotnmegud l tifapclteoe rasca,hc taitna gd ieffrent poiinntt im eF.o Fre rguasnoRdno ussfoerae ux,a mptlhceei, v ilizing prociensso sbt a soenda c onsicsotnesnctdi,eo suibsgut con n structed byw ayo fu nforesceoenns equoefvn acreicsoo unsfl ipcrtosj,ae ncdt s, innovaatsmi oodnisfib ey"d c ircumstapnacraletlsuyi"n doenrl ym an's contWhraotl .h apipnhe inss,t F oerrygutseollunss i ,s" three soulft humaanc tbiuontno tth exee cutoifao nny hu'demsain"g 1n5. IV Isc ivilainzau tniionnt ercroullpetcpetrdio vcieenw s hsi alclhm ankind habse eenn gafrgoemdi tisn cepHtaiisovt na ?r oineldiy np roceeding morsel owilnsy o mtei maensdp lacmeosrr,epa idlin yo theTrhse? · marqdueiM si rabaebauu'nsdw arnitt faiintlgoa s s crais binegc llaere meanitnotg h tee rImrt.L A 'mdie hso msm( 1e756p-.11 77)65,h7e , impltiheabste cacuisvei lizisan toaitu o nni veorrls ianlpe raorc iets s, constointluaytb ersia epfo giente h cey colfse o cial eixnti hset ence, THE WORD CIVILITZIAON 5 "antauclri rfrocmlb aer btaord ye cadbeynw caeyo fc ivilni zaantdi o ; wea.l'Htihstoryt hwucosou nlsdoi fcs ytec sl, parneds umcaebrltya in natihoanvisn,bg ee nt hroaulgplhh asoefts h cey chlae/d,s imulta neously aap cinhniaecvlpeeede r coftfi Aodnd.r estshien gak tit nhge beginonfhi inTsgh edoelr 'iie(m 1p07p,66.9 t 9 M)i rabmeaakue s the sampeon itw hehnei nvokes thoefa lt"lhee exm apmiptrlheehas at ve preceydoeuadrn std r avetrhcseei dro fcc ilveii olni.z'a't ElsewMhierrea,bu esaetush weo rcdi viltoir zefanetortti o ao n procbeusttsoa s taotfce u lture aanbdu nmdaat"neTcrhmeieo:a vl a ble wealotfahn ation .d enp.oe otn.n d losyni tcsi vilbiuzatalt osinoo n thaotfi tnse ighb(poErhsee"rm idduce ist 1o7y6V,e7 pn,.1, 1. 2 ) Thuesv einnt hwer itoifnt ghfiser msat nt o usweo rtcdh,ie v iliza tiwoanasp ttot akeo np lumreaaln iWhnegnsi .rt e efrrteoadp roc,e ss iwta asp roctehsahsta o dc cursreevdet riamilenh s i stoonrltyyog ive waye,a cthi mteoi, n eludcetacbaldWheee nnc er.iee tfr rteoad m ore orl esstsa sbtlaet e, wtahosan tte h samttia gttheat k deie ffrefonrtm s ind ifferneanttiC oinvsil.i zwaatnsio ootnn be u mta yn. Heroefc, o urasnec,ih einsttw oarasty a csiotu rocfme o edlRso.m e watsh ger eeaxta moplfae ne mpitrheah ta tdr avetrh"sece idr ocfl e civiliioznFa.rt"o Hme rodofrtoumPs o,bl iyuPsl,u taTraccihta,un sd, AmmianMuasr celmloidneuwrsrn,i thearldse artnoce odm patrhee Greeaknsd Ptehres itahGners e,ea knsd Rtohmea ntshR,eo maannsd thbea rbarians. Frotmh oeu tstehtei,nwt ,a sd eatrh atthw eo rcdo utladk ea on pluraeltihsnto,l roegliactamilev,ai nsityniergcte tacienr tiamipnl i- 1 catiooftn hsme o st gseonrietmr,ap ll ictahtamitao dn"esc ivilization" au nitiamrpye raantddie vtee rmtihunene idq duier ect"imoanr cohf" ofa ll humankind. v Befortehw eo rcdi viwlaizsca otiinoeordd ni s semiannea xtteedn,s ive critoifql uuex ur�re yfinmeadn nehrysp,o crpiotliictaaelnn dte hses, , corrudputtieoo t,nhc' eu ltivattehai roatnns sd oc fi ences was already inp laFcreo.:rvt;m o ntatiogR noeu ssbeywa auoy fL aH ontaannmd a ny othterra vetlote hrNesew Worlmdo,r eotvhecero ,m paroifts hoen civilmiaznwe idt thhs ea va(ngadee vetnh e cadninndio bfatav lot)rh e 6 THEW ORDC IVILITZIAON
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