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American Fern Journal 97(4):225-229 (2007) Blechnum Xrodriguezii Hyb. Nov., a Deer Fern Hybrid from Southern Chile Son Aguiar [A Department Botany, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago do Compostela. of Spain Quintanii.la Luis G. Department Biology and Geology. Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, E-28933 Mostoles, Spain of Amigo Javier Department of Botany, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain A new x mochaenum subsp. mochaenum, Abstract.— deer fern hybrid, B. corralense B. is described on the basis of macro- and micromorphological characters. Previous reports of this hybrid combination are excluded. In addition, new data on the distribution of 7?. corralense are including presence Argentina. reported, in ils — morphology Key Words. Blechnum, Chile, fern, hybrid, Blechnum one most speciose fern genera. (deer ferns) of Chile's L. is by Rodriguez Thirteen species were recognized in this territory (1995). Maximum mainland (Maule reached southern Chile to species richness in is Morphology and Fernandez Archipelago. Magallanes regions) in the Juan is genus, likewise very diverse, ranging from the smallest species in the B. corralense Espinosa, to subarborescent forms, such as B. cycadifolium (Colla) monomorphic, dimorphic and even Sturm, and including species with The Blechnum have been tentatively trimorphic fronds. different species of subgeneric groups (Tryon and Tryon, 1982), but their classified into known whether remain poorly understood. not It is homosporous and widespread ferns hybridization reticulate evolution, so in an important Barrington 1989; Haufler, 2002), play (see Grant, 1981; et al., e.g. Chilean deer role in ferns. mochaenum mochaenum Blechnum X subsp. the only corralense B. is among Chilean deer (Villagran hybrid combination reported date the ferns et to we below consider though detailed that this 1986; Rodriguez, 1995); as al., mochaenum Blechnum Kunkel comprises was probably erroneous. G. report mochaenum and Prada subsp. subspecies according Rolleri (2006): three to & Prada (southern Chile and southern Argentina), subsp. achalense (Hieron.) and squamipes and northwestern Argentina), subsp. (Hieron.) Rolleri (central & and northwestern Argentina and southern Brazil). Prada Rolleri (central now known Blechnum was only from the Chilean region of corralense until mochae- where co-occurs with Los Lagos (Rodriguez, 1995), frequently B. it num mochaenum. According the most recent revisions of the Chilean subsp. to 1 AMERICAN FKRN VOLUME NUMBLR 226 JOURNAL: 97 4 (2007) Morphological Blechnum mochaenum mochaenum Tabi.k characters of corralense, B. subsp. 1. and new The mean the hybrid. intervals cover values for 5 individuals in each taxon. Character corralense Xrodriguezii mochaenum B. B. /). Lamina texture herbaceous intermediate coriaceous Aphlebia present present present Sterile frond length (cm) 4-1 5-10 12-30 1 Fertile frond length (cm) 11-20 8-20 13-36 Number of pinna pairs per frond 7-16 2-1 14-27 sterile 7 1 Number main of veins pen" sterile pinna 5-1 8-10 L3-29 (mm) Length of the petiole paleae 2-5 6-11 Length/width 2-4 of the paleae 5-9 ratio petiole; 2-[] aiard length (mn) 71-80 60-76 58-69 cell ( Exospore length 37-42 misshapen 32-35 (inn) deer ferns (Rodriguez, 1995; Rollori and Prada, 2006], the main characters lor distinguishing these Iwo taxa are lamina texture and number of veins of sterile We some pinna. have shown identified other diagnostic characters, as in On CONC Table the basis of a study of material in the Chilean herbaria and 1. own SCO, we and our have concluded collections, that B. corralense also is Araucama & present in the regions of La [Amigo, Pajaron, Pangua Quintanilla LGQ541, SANT) and Aysen [Landrum CONC, and Amigo 8179, CL2324, SANT). In addition, two specimens collected by Jose Diem in the Nahuel Huapi Neuquen CONC) National Park, Province, Argentina [Diem 50a, 50b\ turned out be corralense. to B. We have also revised the putative hybrids between corralense and B. B. mochaenum subsp. mochaei nun collected bv Carolina Villagran and co- O workers in the Los Lagos region (Villagran 1986], totaling six specimens et ul.. & (Meza Aguila 6510, Villagran 6329, Villagran Aguila 5937. Villagran <9 fr & Two Leiva 7325, 7452, and Villagran, Aguila Leiva 7021: CONC). of these specimens [7325 and 7021) lack fronds, so was not possible fertile to it determine whether The they are hybrids. other four specimens have well- formed spores indicating that they are not hybrids (though see Maver and and Mesler, 1993), almost all characters suggest that these specimens are B. mochaenum mochaenum. subsp. However, two specimens and of these (05 10 > 7452) have exceptionally large spores (mean exospore lengths 40 and jum), thus merit further study. We have found X mochaenum the hybrid corralense various B. B. at locations in the Los Lagos region. In addition to abortive spores, this hybrid is distinguished by various characters support from that origin cross its a between and mochaenum mochaenum corralense B. subsp. B. (Fig. 1, Table Characters shared by the hybrid and hypothesized parents 1). its include dimorphic fronds, the fronds being longer than the fertile sterile fronds, and fertile and sterile pinnae slightly angled towards the frond apex, with numerous and 250-450 on hi- tricellular hairs jam long their abaxial face. In addition, the sterile fronds of the three taxa have aphlebia, markedly i.e., reduced pinnae the base of the lamina. The texture of the lamina at is BLECHNUM AGUIAR KY X RODRIGUEZ!! HYB. NOV. 227 AL.: A Blechnum specimen (Amigo Rodriguez's hybrid deer Xrodriguezii. A) type Hudloff Fig. fern, Er 1. CL1956, SANT); B) petiole paleae [Amigo CL'1978, SANT); C) scanning electron micrograph of & (Amigo LGQ582, SANT). spore Quintanilla mochaenum between and intermediate that of B. corralense (herbaceous) B. mochaenum Stoma subsp. (coriaceous). length likewise intermediate. is However, some characters coincide with those in B. corralense: lengths of sterile and fertile fronds, number of pinnae per sterile frond, number of veins and and shape At per sterile pinna, size of paleae. several sites in the we immediate vicinity of the hybrids, have found B. chilense (Kaulf.) Mett. and penna-marina Kuhn, addition both hypothesized parents. B. (Poir.) in to cm Blechnum chilense a giant deer fern with sterile fronds up to 150 long, is Blechnum penna-marina morphologically very from the hybrids. different is more and pinnae similar the hybrids, but are oblong, to sterile fertile its perpendicular the rachis, and subglabrous. This species, moreover, lacks to aphlebia. — AMERICAN FERN VOLUME NUMBER JOURNAL: 228 97 4 (2007) Blechnum & Amigo, TYPE. Xrodriguezii Aguiar, Quintanilla hyb. nov. CHILE. Los Lagos Region, Valdivia Province: Valdivia National Reserve, El Peuco, in close association with both putative parents, 585 m, 26 Jan 2000, Amigo CL1956 SANT; CONC). Rudloff (holotype: isotype: fr media Blechno Planta hybrida, inter parentes putatos, sed corralensi aliquid Ab hoc lamina magis coriacea stomata minora. Sporae similior. distinguitur: et abortivae. who Dedicated Roberto Rodriguez, Concepcion, has added very to considerably our knowledge of the Chilean ferns, especially of the genus Blechnum. — Paratypes. CHILE. Los Lagos Region, Valdivia Province: Oncol Sendero hill, Amigo Bonifacio, 530 m, 11 Feb 2000, CL1978 (SANT); Cordillera Pelada, & Amigo LGQ582 Chiveria 555 m, 13 Feb 2001, Quintanilla (SANT); river, Palena Province: ascent Hornopiren National Park, 150 m, 23 Jan 2001, to & LGQ545 Amigo, Pangua (SANT); Termas Pajaron, Quintanilla ascent to El & LGQ548 Amarillo, 330 m, 26 2001, Amigo, Pajaron, Pangua Quintanilla Jan (SANT). dominated In these locations, the vegetation consists of Valdivian rainforest Podocarpus by evergreen [Nothofagus Laureliopsis philippiana, trees nitida, Amomyrtus Weinmannia nubigena, luma, Saxegothaea conspicua, trichos- Amigo Blechnum perma, Drimys Xrodriguezii winteri, 2004). etc.; et al., appears most commonly on dripping banks and rock surfaces, on which soil it may be present high density, possibly as a result of recurrent hybridization at and growth events extensive clonal via stoloniferous axes (also present in B. mochaenum corralense and B. subsp. mochaenum). Given that both parents endemic and are to southern Chile Argentina, the potential area of distribution hybrid of this limited. is Ac:know[,]-:ix;i-:mknts We CONC, thank Roberto Rodriguez, and Elizabeth Barrera. SCO, for facilities provided during herbarium studies, Carlos Ramirez, Santiago Pajaron and Emilia Pangua for help during field work, We and Alberto Herrero and two anonymous reviewers useful comments on the manuscript. are for Guy Norman also grateful to Helena de Carlos for checking the Latin diagnosis, and for the English translation. Literature Cited Amigo, C. Ramiki:/. and L. G. Quintanilla. 2004. The Nothofagus nitida (Phil.) Krasser woodlands J., of southern Chile in the northern half of their range: phytosociological position. Acta Bot. Gallica 151:3-31. Barrington, D. S., C. H. Hawi-lkr and C. R. Werth. 1989. Hybridization, reticulation, and species Amer. concepts in the ferns. Fern. 79:55—64. J. New 2nd Columbia Grant, V. 1981. Plant speciation, ed. University Press, York. Haufler, C. H. 2002. Homospory 2002: an odyssey of progress in pteridophyte genetics and evolutionary biology. BioScience 52:1081-1093. BLECHNUM AGUIAR ET XRODRIGUEZII HYB. NOV. 229 AL.: Mayer, M. and M. Mesler. 1993. Morphometric evidence of hybrid swarms in mixed S. R. populations of Polystichum munition and P. imbricans (Dryopteridaceae). Syst. Bot. 18:248-260. Rodriguez, R. 1995. Pteridophyta. Pp. 119-309 in C. Marticorena and R. RodrIguez, eds. Flora de Pteridophyta-Gymnospermae. Universidad de Concepcion. Concepcion. Chile. Chile. Vol. 1. Blechnum Rolleri, C. H. and C. Prada. 2006. Revision de los grupos de especies del genero (Blechnaceae Pteridophyta): el grupo B. penna-marina. Acta Bot. Malacitana 31:7-50. and Tryon, R. M. and A. F. Tryon. 1982. Ferns allied plants with special reference to tropical New America. Springer Verlag. York. VillagrAn, C, Rodriguez and Barrera. 1986. Pteridophyta del Archipielago de Chiloe: R. E. localidades interesantes para Chile. Gayana, Bot. 43:3-14.