Blastopsylla occidentalis Taylor (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), a new introduced eucalypt pest in Chile

5 Pages·2000·1.9 MB·English

by  D Burckhardt

Rev.ChilenaEnt.
2000,26:57-61
BLASTOPSYLLA OCCIDENTALISTAYLOR (HEMIPTERA: PSYLLIDAE),ANEW
INTRODUCEDEUCALYPTPESTIN CHILE
DanielBurckhardt'andMarioElgueta^
ABSTRACT
BlastopsyllaoccidentalisTaylorisreportedforfirsttimefromChile,baseduponcollectionsonEucalyptus
globulusinlocalitiesofthe5"^Región(LosAndesandSanFelipeProvinces).Adultandlarvaaredescribed
and figured, andlocalityanddaterecordsaregiven.
Keywords: Hemiptera, Psyllidae,pest,eucalypts,Chile,taxonomy,distribution.
RESUMEN
SeestableceporprimeravezlapresenciadeBlastopsylla occidentalisTaylorenChileCentral, QuintaRe-
gión (Provincias de Los Andes y San Felipe). Se entrega unadescripción del adulto y larva, incluyendo
figuras, aportando los registros de distribución y de presencia temporal sobre su hospedero: Eucalyptus
globulus.
Palabrasclave: Hemiptera, Psyllidae, plagas, eucaliptos, Chile, taxonmía, distribución.
INTRODUCTION threespecieshavebecomeestablishedinBraziland
two in Uruguay (Burckhardt etal., 1999). One of
Eucalypts are planted for a variety of uses in them, Blastopsylla occidentalis Taylor, was
many warmer regions throughout the world. discoveredin February 1999 in Chile.
Recently, the surface of eucalypt plantations has ThepresentpaperrecordsthedistributionofB.
greatly increased in South America. In Chile e.g. occidentalis in Chile. The adult and larval
eucalyptscoveredover300'000hain 1996.Intheir morphologyaredescribed,diagnosticcharactersare
native range in Australia eucalypts bear a diverse illustratedanddifferencestoothertaxaarediscussed
insect fauna. Some of these insects have become withtheaimtohelpentomologistsrecognisingthe
pests. The subfamily Spondyliaspidinae, a group species.
ofjumping plant-lice or psylloids, is diverse on
Myrtaceaeandeucalyptsinparticular.Afewspecies MATERIALANDMETHODS
havebecomeestablishedoutsideAustraliaandare
responsible for sometimes severe damage to The material recorded here is deposited in the
plantations (Burckhardt, 1998). Up to a few years MuseoNacionaldeHistoriaNatural,Santiago,and
ago the eucalypt psyllids were unknown, and the Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel.
probably absent, fromSouthAmerica. Since 1995 MorphologicalterminologyfollowsOssiannilsson
(1992).Drawingsandmeasurements(inmm)were
made fromslidemountedspecimens.
' Naturhistorisches Museum, Augustinergasse2, CH-4054
Basel, Switzerland. Adult description: Coloration. Head and thorax
-MuseoNacionaldeHistoriaNatural,Casilla787,Santia- yellowwithdarkpattern asfollows: alongitudinal
go-Chile.
stripe along outer side ofgenal processes; vértex
(Recibido:7deoctubrede 1999.Aceptado: 30denoviem-
with transverse band along anterior margin,
brede 1999)
58 Rev. ChilenaEnt. 26, 2000
longitudinal bands along lateral margins, and 2+3smallsclerotisedapicalspurs;metatarsuswith
semicircular dot in the middle on either side of 1 outer, claw-like sclerotised spur.
midline; fourdots on the pronotum; two oval dots Male genitalia as in figs 4, 5, sparsely covered
alongforemarginofmesothoracicpraescutum;five in relatively long setae. Proctiger 2-segmented,
broadlongitudinalstripesonmesothoracicscutum; proximal segmentwithnarrowlateral lobes which
entireabdominaltergites.Antennaegreyishbrown, are longer than distal segment, 0.49 times as long
segments 9 and 10 almost black. Forewings with (measured from base ofdistal to apex ofproximal
light brown veins and greyish membrane, darker segment)asheadwidth.Paramerelamellar,curved
alongouterandposteriormargin.Genitaliaofmale backwards, outerface covered inlong setae, inner
yellow, offemale dark brown with yellow base of face withsomelongsetaebasally, witharowof5-
subgenital píate. Males predominantly yellow, 7heavilysclerotisedpegsalongforemargininapical
females withmoreextendeddarkcoloration. two thirds, with a group of 15-18 moderately
Structure. Head (fig. 2) as wide as thorax, sclerotisedpegsapically,0-6sclerotisedpegsalong
strongly inclined from longitudinal body axis. hindmargin and arow ofmoderately longsetaein
Vértex trapezoidal, shortly setose, more or less the middle along hind margin. Basal portion of
evenlycoveredinmicrosculpture; genalprocesses aedeagus broadly rounded proximally, straight
shorter than vértex along mid-line, irregularly distally; distal portion straight, apical inflation
tapered, bearing a small blunt apical tubercle. relativelyshort,oval;sclerotisedendtubeofductus
Preocularscleriteformingsmalltubercle.Antenna ejaculatorius S-shaped.
(fig.3)short,0.96-0.98timesheadwidth;witheach Female genitalia (fig. 6) cunéate, sparsely
a subapical rhinarium on segments 4, 6, 8 and 9; covered in relatively long setae. Proctiger0.76 ti-
segment 10 bearing a short trúncate and a long mes as long as head width, 4.22 times as long as
curved seta. Ultímate two rostral segments 0.31- subgenital píate, 1.81 times as long as circumanal
0.32timesaslongasheadwidth.Forewing(fig. 1) ring, with strongly concave dorsal outline, apex
elongate, 2.42-2.48 as long as wide, 2.64-2.90 ti- separated from base by a membranous portion in
mesaslongasheadwidth,veinRsweaklycurved. apical three quarters, narrowly rounded apically.
Surfacespinulespresentinallcells;apartfrombasal Subgenital píate weakly curved ventrally, acute
cells forming hexagonal pattern, leaving narrow apically.Válvuladorsaliswitharowofdorso-apical
spinule-free stripes along the veins. Metacoxa teeth, válvula ventralis weakly sinuous, smooth
without meracanthus but with angular hump; (fig. 7).
metafemur with an inner apical lobe at tibial Measurements. Head width 0.47-0.52; antenna
insertion, outer apical margin straight; metatibia length0.45-0.51; forewing length 1.24-1.51; male
0.42-0.52 times as long as head width, strongly proctiger length (measured from base ofdistal to
inflatedtowardsapex,lackingabasalspine,bearing apex ofproximal segment) 0.23; paramere length
Figura 1.Forewingoffemale(scale0,3mm).
BurckhardtandElgueta: Blastopsylla occidentalisTaylor(Hemiptera: Psyllidae)inChile 59
Figuras2-5.2.Head,dorsalaspect,offemale(scale0.2mm).3.Antennaoffemale(scale0.2mm).4.Malegenitalia,inprofile(scale
0.1 mm). 5. Paramare,inprofile,innerface(scale0.1 mm).
0.20; length of distal segment of aedeagus 0.17; the margined circulararrangement and, therefore,
femaleproctigerlength0.40. appearing fainter. Tarsi with outer apical tubercle
bearing 2 long setae, claws in subapical position,
Last instar larva description: Coloration. small (fig. 9). Tarsal arolium very small and
Yellowishwithantennaltipsbrowntodarkbrown. membranous, often not visible (not drawn in
Structure.Body(fig. 8)elongate,shortlysetose. fig. 9).
Thoracic tergites small. Forewing buds without
humerallobes,lackingspecialisedsetae.Antennae Comments. Within the Chilean psylloid fauna,
9-segmented, bearingasinglesubapicalrhinarium Blastopsylla can be recognised by the angular
oneachofsegments3,5,7and8,segment9witha metacoxae, lacking meracanthi as well as the ter-
shorttrúncate andalongcurved seta.Caudal píate minal antennal segment bearing one curved long
irregularlyrounded,trúncateapically,bearing8-10 and one trúncate short seta, in the adult, and the
marginal lanceolate setae on each side. Anus ter- very membranous, hardly visible tarsal arolium
minal,circumanalringsmall,consistingofasingle combined with 9-segmented antennae and
row of pores. Additional pore fields present additionalporefieldsonthecaudalpíateinthelar-
consisting of 1-t-l transverse, lateral rows of 11-15 va. For a key to Chilean genera see Burckhardt
circular,marginedáreasalongforemargin,and3+3 (1994). Blastopsylla differs from other
transverse, lateral rows orgroups ofpores lacking Spondyliaspidini by the very long posterior lobes
60 Rev. ChilenaEnt. 26, 2000
Figuras6-9.6.Femalegenitalia,inprofile(scale0.2mm).7.Innerandventralvalvulae,inprofile(scale0.1 mm). 8.Fifthinstarlarva;
leftdorsalview withdetailsofporesandseta;rightventral view(scale0.5 mm, details scale0.1 mm). 9. Tarsal apexoffifthinstar
larva(scale0.1 mm).
onthebasalsegmentofthemaleproctigerand often oleosa F. Muell., *£". forrestiana Diels., E.
in the presence of a single spur on the microneuraMaiden&Blakely, *£. n/c/zo///Maiden
metabasitarsus. From Ctenarytaina, another &Blakely,E. spathulataHook. In theNewWorld,
spondyHaspidinegenuswhoseintroductionintoFar the psyllid was collected on E. spathulata in
Northern and Central Chile is also recent California, on E. sp. in México, on E. urophylla
(Anonymous, 1999;González, 1999),Blastopsylla andhybridsoíE. urophyllaandE.granáisinBrazil,
can be separated by the lack ofan outer subapical and on E. globulusin Chile.
combofbristles on themesotibia(Taylor, 1985). InChileB. occidentaliswasrecentlyfoundedin
localities of the 5"" Región: Los Andes Province,
Distribution and host plants: Blastopsylla Los Graneros (32°46' 22" S, 70°35' 25" W), Los
occidentalis Taylor, 1985 was described from Quillayes (32°50' 44"S,70°31' 51"W),ElCasti-
Western Australia, South Australia, New South llo (32° 53' 08" S, 70°38' 37" W), and San Felipe
Wales, Qúeensland, New Zealand and California. Province, Fundo7Amigos (32°43' 59" S, 70°44'
Subsequently it was reported from México 52" W); all collections on Eucalyptus globulus in
(Hodkinson, 1991) and Brazil (Burckhardt et al., January,February,May,June,September,October,
1999). November and December - 1999 by J. Mondaca,
AccordingtoTaylor(1985),B. occidentaliswas M. GuerreroandM. Elgueta. Thisrecordisadded
collectedonfollowingEucalyptusspecies(*species tothepreviousdetectionofCtenarytainaeucalypti
on which larvae were collected): E. microtheca F. (Maskell), established in some localities of the
Muell., E. rudis Endl., E. gomphocephala DC, E. Provinces ofAricaand Iquiquein theFarNorth of
camaldulensis Dehnh., *£. platypus Hook., *£. Chile, and Provinces ofSanFelipe andLos Andes
in CentralChile.
BurckhardtandElgueta: Blastopsylla occidentalisTaylor(Hemiptera: Psyllidae) inChile 61
Despite intensive field work by both authors, Bemerkungen zur Blattflohfauna von Eucalyptus.
including sampling in eucalypt plantations, no Mitteilungen der Entomologischen Gesellschaft Basel,
48(2): 59-67.
eucalyptpsyllids were foundpriorto 1999 (perso-
Burckhardt,D.,Santana,D.L.Q.,Terra,A.L.,deAndrade,
nal observations). Considering the large distance F.M.,Penteado,S.R.C,Iede,E,T.&Morey,S.S. 1999.
from the countries where B. occidentalis was Psyllid pests (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) in South American
previously recorded, its presence in Argentina is eucalypt plantations. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen
expected, asisthatofC. eucalyptiinneighbouring EntomologischenGesellschaft, 72: 1-10.
GonzálezE.,P. 1999.CtenarytainaeucalyptiHem.,Psyllidae.
áreas ofPerú and/orBolivia. Informativo Fitosanitario, Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero
(Chile), 10: 2pp. (notpaginated).
LITERATURE CITED HoDKiNsoN, I. D. 1991. First record ofthe Australian psyllid
Blastopsylla occidentalis Taylor (Homoptera; Psylloidea)
Anonymous. 1999. SAGdetectanuevoinsecto. CORMA, Re- on Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) in México. Pan-Pacific
vistaInformativade laCorporación Chilenade laMadera Entomologist, 67(1): 72.
A.G.,271: 14. Ossiannilsson, F. 1992. The Psylloidea (Homoptera) of
Burckhardt, D. 1994. GenerickeytoChileanjumpingplant- Fennoscandia and Denmark. Fauna Entomológica
lice (Homoptera: Psylloidea) with inclusión ofpotential Scandinavica, 26, 346 pp.
exoticpests. RevistaChilenadeEntomología,21: 57-67. Taylor, K. L. 1985. Australian psyllids: A new genus of
Burckhardt, D. 1998. Ctenarytaina eucalypti (Maskell) Ctenarytainini(Homoptera:Psylloidea)onEucalyptus,with
(Hemiptera, Psylloidea) neu für Mitteleuropa mit nine new species. Journal ofthe Australianentomological
Society,24: 17-30.