Black's veterinary dictionary

801 Pages·2005·6.613 MB·English

by  Boden, Edward

B L A C K ’ S
VETERINARY
DICTIONARY

B L A C K ’ S
VETERINARY
DICTIONARY
21ST EDITION
Edited by
Edward Boden
MBE, HonAssocRCVS, MRPharmS
A & C BLACK • LONDON
21st edition 2005
A & C Black Publishers Limited
38 Soho Square, London W1D 3HB
www.acblack.com
ISBN-10: 0–7136–6362–6
ISBN-13: 978–0–7136–6362–4
eISBN-13: 978-1-4081-0418-7
© 2005, 1964, 1967, 1970, 1972, 1975, 1976, 1979, 1982, 1985,
1988, 1992, 1995, 1998, 2001 A & C Black Publishers Limited
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
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PREFACE
Generations of veterinary practitioners, students, farmers and pet
owners have relied on Black’s Veterinary Dictionary as a primary
reference on animal health and husbandry matters. The 21st edition
has been comprehensively updated; it covers the widest spectrum of
veterinary data available in a single volume. The core of information
on animal health, husbandry and welfare topics, and signs of
diseases and their treatment, is supplemented by many new and
amended entries. These reflect the numerous developments that
have taken place since the 20th edition was published; they range
from advances in medication to descriptions of newly identified
conditions; from the resurgence of old scourges such as TB in cattle
to the emerging risk of exotic diseases being imported following the
relaxation of travel arrangements for dogs and cats.
A major innovation is the inclusion of entries describing the
popular breeds of dog and cat, and the inheritable conditions to
which they might be susceptible.
Some changes will be noticed in the spelling of certain medicines,
which have been amended to conform with the recommended
international non-proprietary names for medicinal substances, in
accordance with EEC Directive 92/97.
Dr A.H. Andrews BVetMed, PhD, MRCVS has again acted as
assistant editor. Dr Andrews, D. McK. Fraser BVM&S, CertWel.
MRCVS and A.D. Malley FRCVS, MVB, BA have all made
extensive suggestions and contributions. I am grateful for their
input.
E.B. 2005
Note: The use of small capitals, for instance, ANTIBODY, in the text,
refers the reader to the entry of that name for additional
information.

Black’s Veterinary Dictionary, first published in 1928, owes its
existence to the late Professor William C. Miller, who was also
responsible for the 1935 edition. When on the teaching staff of the
Royal (Dick) Veterinary College, Edinburgh, he saw the need for
such a book and modelled it on Black’s Medical Dictionary.
Professor Miller held the chair of animal husbandry at the Royal
Veterinary College, London, and completed a distinguished career
by becoming Director of the Animal Health Trust’s equine research
station at Newmarket. Editorship from the 1953 to 1995 editions
was in the hands of Geoffrey P. West MRCVS, veterinary writer and
journalist.
First published 1928
Second edition 1935
Third edition 1953
Fourth edition 1956
Fifth edition 1959
Sixth edition 1962
Seventh edition 1965
Eighth edition 1967
Ninth edition 1970
Tenth edition 1972
Eleventh edition 1975
Twelfth edition 1976
Thirteenth edition 1979
Fourteenth edition 1982
Fifteenth edition 1985
Sixteenth edition 1988
Seventeenth edition 1992
Eighteenth edition 1995
Nineteenth edition 1998
Twentieth edition 2001
Twenty-first edition 2005

A
bowels may protrude through the opening, and
if the incision be extensive, evisceration may
take place. When only the wall of the abdomen
has been damaged, there may be severe bruis-
ing, and haemorrhage into the tissues (see
HAEMATOMA).
If exposure of the abdominal contents has
Ab taken place, or if the organs have been them-
(seeANTIBODY) selves damaged, there is risk of SHOCK, haem-
orrhage, infection, and PERITONITIS; the latter
Abamectin may cause great pain and usually proves fatal.
An avermectin (seeAVERMECTINS) used in cattle For this reason the injured animal should
as an ectoparasiticide and endoparasiticide. receive promptly the expert services of a veteri-
nary surgeon or else be humanely destroyed.
Abbizzia spp Simple WOUNDS or bruises of the abdominal
A group of rapidly growing African trees being walls are treated in the same way as ordinary
exploited as a forestry crop. The seed pods have wounds.
caused poisoning in goats and cattle. Clinical
signs include tachycardia, anorexia, ruminal sta- Abiotrophy
sis, anaemia, dyspnoea and recumbency. Affected A degenerative condition of an organ or tissue
animals always show methaemglobinaemia. leading to dysfunction or loss of function.
Usually inherited and often involving brain or
Abdomen other nerve tissue. (SeeLYSOSOMES– Lysosomal
The part of the body in front of the spine storage disease.)
between the thorax (seeCHEST) and the PELVIS.
(For a description of abdominal organs, see under Ablation
appropriate headings.) Removal of an organ, or part of an organ, by
surgery.
Abdomen, Diseases of
(see under STOMACH, DISEASES OF; INTESTINES, Ablepharia
DISEASES OF; DIARRHOEA; LIVER, DISEASES OF; The lack of eyelids – a normal condition in
PANCREAS,DISEASES OF;KIDNEYS,DISEASES OF; snakes.
BLADDER, DISEASES OF; PERITONITIS; BLOAT;
COLIC;ASCITES;HERNIA) Abnormalities, Inherited
Abdomen, Injuries of (see GENETICS, HEREDITY AND BREEDING –
Genetic defects)
These include injuries to the abdominal
walls, to the alimentary tract and to the organs
Abomasum
within the abdomen. Trauma may result in
Abomasum is the so-called 4th stomach of
damage to the liver, spleen, kidneys, or urinary
ruminating animals; more correctly, the 4th
bladder. Apparently small external wounds of
compartment of the ruminant stomach. It is
the abdominal wall may be far more serious
also called the ‘true’ or ‘rennet’ stomach, and
than their appearance suggests. Radiographs
the ‘reed’. It is an elongated, pear-shaped sac
and ultrasound can be useful in diagnosis.
lying on the floor of the abdomen, on the
Diagnosis An exploratory LAPAROTOMY may right-hand side, and roughly between the 7th
and 12th ribs.
be necessary to establish the internal effects
of such wounds, and also the cause of inter-
Abomasum, Displacement of
nal haemorrhage, free intra-peritoneal gas,
peritonitis, etc. (see STOMACH,DISEASES OF;TYMPANITIC RESO-
Obtaining a sample by PARACENTESIS may NANCE IN CATTLE)
be useful, although the hollow needle may be
Abortifacient
blocked by omentum. Use of a catheter and
peritoneal lavage has been effective in detect- A substance causing abortion.
ing early intra-abdominal traumatic lesions,
rupture of internal organs, etc. in dogs and cats. Abortion
When a stake or other pointed object has The termination of pregnancy. In farm animals it
caused a large wound in the abdominal wall, the represents one important aspect of INFERTILITY.