Blacks on the Border: The Black Refugees in British North America, 1815–1860 PDF
Preview Blacks on the Border: The Black Refugees in British North America, 1815–1860
B l aa ccl i es on me v * The Black Refugees B o o rrd a er in British North America, 1 8 1 5 - 1 8 60 H a r v ey A m a ni W h i t f i e ld Blacks on the B o r d er "11 Blacks on the B o r d er "11 B L A C KS ON T HE B O R D ER The Black Refugees in British North America, 1815—1860 H a r v ey AA mm aa nnii W h i t i i e ld UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT PRESS Burlington, Vermont PUBLISHED BY UNIVERSITY PRESS OF NEW ENGLAND HANOVER AND LONDON B L A C KS ON T HE B O R D ER The Black Refugees in British North America, 1815—1860 H a r v ey AA mm aa nnii W h i t i i e ld UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT PRESS Burlington, Vermont PUBLISHED BY UNIVERSITY PRESS OF NEW ENGLAND HANOVER AND LONDON UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT PRESS Published by University Press of New England, One Court Street, Lebanon, NH 03766 www.upne.com © 2006 by Harvey Amani Whitfield Printed in the United States of America 5 4 3 2 1 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any elec tronic or mechanical means, including storage and retrieval systems, without permis For David and Betty Sutherland of Halifax, Nova Scotia sion in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer, who may quote brief passages in a review. Members of educational institutions and organizations wishing to photo copy any of the work for classroom use, or authors and publishers who would like to ob tain permission for any of the material in the work, should contact Permissions, Univer sity Press of New England, One Court Street, Lebanon, NH 03766. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Whitfield, Harvey Amani, 1974- Blacks on the border: the Black refugees in British North America, 1815-1860 / Harvey Amani Whitfield. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13:978-1-58465-605-0 (cloth: alk. paper) ISBN-10:1-58465-605-0 (cloth: alk paper) ISBN-13:978-1-58465-606-7 (pbk: alk. paper) ISBN-10:1-58465-606-9 (pbk: alk paper) 1. African Americans—Nova Scotia—History—19th century. 2. African Americans—Nova Scotia—Social conditions—19th century. 3. Freedman—Nova Scotia—History—19th century. 4. Refugees—Nova Scotia—History—19th century. 5. Slaves—United States—History—19th century. 6. African Americans— Migrations—History—19th century. 7. United States—History—War of 1812— African Americans. 8. United States—History—War of 1812—Refugees. 9. Nova Scotia—History—1763-1867. 10. Nova Scotia—Race relations—History—19th century. I. Title. F1040.N3W47 2006 971.60496*073—dc22 2006016896 UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT PRESS Published by University Press of New England, One Court Street, Lebanon, NH 03766 www.upne.com © 2006 by Harvey Amani Whitfield Printed in the United States of America 5 4 3 2 1 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any elec tronic or mechanical means, including storage and retrieval systems, without permis For David and Betty Sutherland of Halifax, Nova Scotia sion in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer, who may quote brief passages in a review. Members of educational institutions and organizations wishing to photo copy any of the work for classroom use, or authors and publishers who would like to ob tain permission for any of the material in the work, should contact Permissions, Univer sity Press of New England, One Court Street, Lebanon, NH 03766. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Whitfield, Harvey Amani, 1974- Blacks on the border: the Black refugees in British North America, 1815-1860 / Harvey Amani Whitfield. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13:978-1-58465-605-0 (cloth: alk. paper) ISBN-10:1-58465-605-0 (cloth: alk paper) ISBN-13:978-1-58465-606-7 (pbk: alk. paper) ISBN-10:1-58465-606-9 (pbk: alk paper) 1. African Americans—Nova Scotia—History—19th century. 2. African Americans—Nova Scotia—Social conditions—19th century. 3. Freedman—Nova Scotia—History—19th century. 4. Refugees—Nova Scotia—History—19th century. 5. Slaves—United States—History—19th century. 6. African Americans— Migrations—History—19th century. 7. United States—History—War of 1812— African Americans. 8. United States—History—War of 1812—Refugees. 9. Nova Scotia—History—1763-1867. 10. Nova Scotia—Race relations—History—19th century. I. Title. F1040.N3W47 2006 971.60496*073—dc22 2006016896 Contents PREFACE XI ABBREVIATIONS XV Introduction i Part I: Nova Scotian and American Background, 1605-1815 i. Slavery and Freedom in Nova Scotia 9 2. Two Distinct Cultures of Slavery 25 Part II: Opportunities and Obstacles in Nova Scotia, 1815-1860 3. Settlement and Struggle 43 4. Working Folks 63 5. Community and Identity 84 Epilogue 116 NOTES 123 BIBLIOGRAPHY 157 INDEX 173 Contents PREFACE XI ABBREVIATIONS XV Introduction i Part I: Nova Scotian and American Background, 1605-1815 i. Slavery and Freedom in Nova Scotia 9 2. Two Distinct Cultures of Slavery 25 Part II: Opportunities and Obstacles in Nova Scotia, 1815-1860 3. Settlement and Struggle 43 4. Working Folks 63 5. Community and Identity 84 Epilogue 116 NOTES 123 BIBLIOGRAPHY 157 INDEX 173 ATLANTIC OCEAN ATLANTIC OCEAN 50 100 Mi. 0 50 100 150 Km. 0 100 200 300 Mi. MAP 2. Nova Scotia 0 100 200 300 400 500 Km. MAP i. Eastern seaboard of North America
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