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261 Pages·2013·1.213 MB·English
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Black Skin, White Coats new african histories series SerieS editorS: Jean allman and allen iSaacman Books in this series are published with support from the Ohio University National Resource Center for African Studies. David William Cohen and E. S. Atieno Odhiambo, The Risks of Knowledge: Investigations into the Death of the Hon. Minister John Robert Ouko in Kenya, 1990 Belinda Bozzoli, Theatres of Struggle and the End of Apartheid Gary Kynoch, We Are Fighting the World: A History of Marashea Gangs in South Africa, 1947–1999 Stephanie Newell, The Forger’s Tale: The Search for Odeziaku Jacob A. Tropp, Natures of Colonial Change: Environmental Relations in the Making of the Transkei Jan Bender Shetler, Imagining Serengeti: A History of Landscape Memory in Tanzania from Earliest Times to the Present Cheikh Anta Babou, Fighting the Greater Jihad: Amadu Bamba and the Founding of the Muridiyya in Senegal, 1853–1913 Marc Epprecht, Heterosexual Africa? 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Brennan, Taifa: Making Nation and Race in Urban Tanzania Benjamin N. Lawrance and Richard L. Roberts, editors, Trafficking in Slavery’s Wake: Law and the Experience of Women and Children David M. Gordon, Invisible Agents: Spirits in a Central African History Allen Isaacman and Barbara Isaacman, Dams, Displacement, and the Delusion of Development: Cahora Bassa and Its Legacies in Mozambique, 1965–2007 Stephanie Newell, The Power to Name: A History of Anonymity in Colonial West Africa Gibril R. Cole, The Krio of West Africa: Islam, Culture, Creolization, and Colonialism in the Nineteenth Century Matthew M. Heaton, Black Skin, White Coats: Nigerian Psychiatrists, Decolonization, and the Globalization of Psychiatry Black Skin, White Coats Nigerian Psychiatrists, Decolonization, and the Globalization of Psychiatry w matthew m. Heaton ohio university press athens w Ohio University Press, Athens, Ohio 45701 ohioswallow.com © 2013 by Ohio University Press All rights reserved To obtain permission to quote, reprint, or otherwise reproduce or distribute material from Ohio University Press publications, please contact our rights and permissions department at (740) 593-1154 or (740) 593-4536 (fax). Printed in the United States of America Ohio University Press books are printed on acid-free paper.∞ ™ 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Heaton, Matthew M., author. Black skin, white coats : Nigerian psychiatrists, decolonization, and the globalization of psychiatry / Matthew M. Heaton. pages cm. — (New African histories) ISBN 978-0-8214-2070-6 (pb : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-8214-4473-3 (electronic) 1. Psychiatry—Nigeria--History. 2. Cultural psychiatry—Nigeria. 3. Mentally ill—Care—Nigeria—History. 4. Mental illness—Treatment—Nigeria--History. 5. Nigeria—Colonial influence—Health aspects—History. I. Title. II. Series: New African histories series. rc438.H43 2013 362.209669—dc23 2013027515 For Ann Contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction Colonizing, Decolonizing, and Globalizing the History of Psychiatry 1 Chapter 1 Colonial Institutions and Networks of Ethnopsychiatry 29 Chapter 2 Decolonizing Psychiatric Institutions and Networks 51 Chapter 3 Mentally Ill Nigerian Immigrants in the United Kingdom: The International Dimensions of Decolonizing Psychiatry 79 Chapter 4 Schizophrenia, Depression, and “Brain-Fag Syndrome”: Diagnosis and the Boundaries of Culture 104 Chapter 5 Gatekeepers of the Mind: Psychotherapy and “Traditional” Healers 131 Chapter 6 The Paradoxes of Psychoactive Drugs 161 Conclusion Nigerian Psychiatrists and the Globalization of Psychiatry 184 Notes 199 Bibliography 229 Index 245 vii Acknowledgments I owe an enormous debt of gratitude to so many people who made the com- pletion of this project possible. This book grew out of a dissertation written for the Department of History at the University of Texas at Austin. I am grateful for the financial support of the Department of History and the John L. Warfield Center for African and African American Studies at UT, which facilitated research trips to Nigeria and the United Kingdom in 2004 and 2005. I am also very thankful to Toyin Falola, under whose mentorship this research began and through whose friendship and advice it has continued to develop these many years. The support and advice of many others has also shaped this work. I would particularly like to thank Barbara Harlow, A. G. Hopkins, Bruce Hunt, and Juliet E. K. Walker for their formative influence, which has been greater than they all know. This research would also not have been possible without the assistance of friends in Nigeria whose kindness and generosity sustained me and facili- tated my work. Saheed Aderinto and family hosted me in Ibadan for many months in 2004 and 2005 and introduced me to the national archives there. I would also like to thank Demola Babalola and family for their generous hospitality in Lagos and Ilé-Ifè.≥ In Kaduna, I owe Hauwa Yusuf and family more than I can ever repay for the kindness they showed me. I also want to offer my heartfelt appreciation to Olayemi Akinwumi for his generous gifts of time and help. My thanks also go out to the staff at the branches of the Nigerian National Archives, particularly “Mr. Mike” in Ibadan and Ibrahim Abdu in Kaduna. Dr. Timothy Adebowale at Aro Neuropsychiatric Hospital provided me with important insights for which I am very grateful. I also conducted research for this project at the National Archives of the United Kingdom, Public Records Office, Kew; and the archives of the World Health Organization. I would like to thank the staffs of these organi- zations for their assistance, particularly Marie Villemin-Partow and Thomas Allen at the WHO. ix

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