Table Of Content

Afro-American Folksongs, 8, 38, 45, 239 Blue Jay Singers, 201, 202 Alabama State Normal College, xi, xii blues, 25, 26, 28, 29, 51-65, 217, 225, Allen, Ross (Mrs.), 121 226, 240, 244; defined, 51-52; Allen, William Francis, 18, 239 respectable vs. lowdown, 62—64; American Ballads and Folk Songs, 68, scales in, 144; texts, 139—40; texts 184, 201 and tunes, 262—63 American Negro Songs, 235 Boatner, Edward, 234 Anderson, Charles, 152 Bond, Horace Mann, 203, 204, 208, 209 Anderson, Marian, 226 boogy woogy, 42, 54, 217, 225; influence Armstrong, Louis, 23, 24, 26 on blues, 42 Atlanta University, vii, xviii, 19, 169, Book of American Negro Spirituals, The, 199, 219, 225, 239, 242 233 Auer, Leopold, 40 Boston Symphony Orchestra, 234 Bowley, Jim, 82, 84 Bach, Johann Sebastian, 56, 180 Braithwaite, William Stanley, 167 Baker, Josephine, 46 Branche, Andrew, 257 Ball, William, 28 Brawley, Benjamin, 167 ballads, 55, 64—65, 217, 218, 225, 244 Brown, Buster, 206 Ballanta, Nicholas George Julius, 7, 8, Brown, Charlotte Hawkins, 167 147, 236 Brown, Joe, 212 banjo, 45, 49, 54, 205 Brown, Sonny “Snake,” 99, 100—101 Banks, Malana, 214 Brown, Sterling A., xii, 213, 238 beam dogs, 97 Bryan Baptist Church, 166, 330 Beethoven, Ludwig van, 56, 180 Bullock, Benjamin F., 177 Bell, William, 208, 211 bum-boats, 42—43 Berlin, Irving, 28 burden line, 1o1 Bethel Institutional Baptist Church, x Burleigh, Harry T., 168, 184, 226, Bethune, Mary McLeod, 167 231-32 Big Joe (legend), 87—90 Byrd, William, 192 Bizet, Georges, 168 Byron, L. B., 214 black bottoms, 43 Bywaters, L. R., 203 Black Swan Record Company, 61 Blake, Eubie, 32—33 Cain, Noble, 239 Blanchet, W. W. E., 203 Calhoun College, 242 342 Black Sacred Music Calhoun Plantation Songs, 239, 244, 326 bumbo-shay, 42, 47; cake walk, 48; call and response, 142—43, 210 Charleston, 39, 48; children’s, 46; Calloway, Cab, 23, 24, 26, 46 condjo, 38; conjai (or counjai), 38, 47; Carnegie Hall, 27, 41, 226 coonjine, 47; criole candjo, 38; grape- Carter, E. R., 313 pick, 48; holy vs. sinful, 35-36; Jim Center for Negro Arts, ix Crow, 47; jitterbug, 44, 48; jook, 47; chant, 6 juba, 43, 47; jump, 48; peck, 48; Charioteers, 221-22 pigeon wing, 47; rabbit, 47; shawobble, Chicago Conservatory of Music, xi 48; shimmy, 48; shim-sham, 48; slow- children, 46 drag, 47; snake hips, 48; truck, 48; choirs, 222-25 zokie, 48. See ring shout, shout Chopin, Frédéric Francois, 56, 180 Daniels, Troup, 203 church, 158, 163; music influenced by Davis, Arthur, xii blues, 61-62 Dawson, William L., 213, 234-35, 238 Churchill, Creighton, 241 Department of Health, Education, and Clark, Maggie, 208 Welfare, ix Clark, Mammie, 212 Dett, R. Nathaniel, 43, 168, 180, 183, Clark University, x 185, 226—27, 232—33, 235 Clyde Steamship Company, 93 dialect, 13-15, 145, 146, 171-72. See Coleridge-Taylor, Samuel, 168, 180, Gullah 230—31, 236, 237 Dinkins, William, xvii Collier, N. W., 91 Diton, Carl, 236-37 Cook, Will Marion, 46, 232, 237 dolly, 97 coonjine, 39, 41—42 Dorsey, James, 238 Cox, Ida, 60 Dorsey, Thomas, 27 Craig, James, 44, 154-55 Douglass, Frederick, 167 Cravath, Erastus, 242 Downes, Olin, 34, 241 Crawford, Portia Jenkins, xviii Drane, Arizona, 61 Creepin’ Midnight (legend), 85 —86; texts drum, 2, 45, 49, 50, 51 and tunes of, 264-65 Du Bois, W. E. B., 167, 237 cries, 16—34, 244; defined, 25; texts of, Dunbar, Paul Laurence, 20, 237 126-28 Dunham, Katherine, 46 Crittenden, “Crit,” 96 Dvorak, Antonin, 168, 239 Crockett, (Bishop) E. D., 214-15 Cuban music, 39, 40 Echoes of Zion, 215 Cureau, Rebecca T., Vii Edwards, Bill, 208, 211 Curtis-Burlin, Natalie, 67, 75 Ellington, Duke, 46, 61, 63, 221 Europe, James Reese, 32 dance, 35—51, 58; songs (texts), 137-39, Ezell, Bus, 65, 205—6, 207 244; texts and tunes of, 265-71 dances: ball de jack, 47, 271; bamboola, Fair, Andrew, 257 47; barrelhouse, 41—42, 47; big apple, fiddle, 49, 50 48; blackbottom, 43, 48; boogy woogy, First Baptist Choir, 212 47; breakdown, 47; buck, 47, 232; Fisher, Rosa J., 272—73 Index 343 Fisher, Theodora Joanna. See James, Harreld, Kemper, x, xii, xviii, 238—39 Theodora Fisher Harris, Louise, 214 Fisher, William Arms, 239 Harris, Marian, 60 Fisk University, 199, 219, 225, 235, 242; Hayes, Roland, 199, 226 Fisk (Jubilee) Singers, 222-23, 235, Hearn, Lafcadio, 45 238 Heavenly Gospel Singers, 215 Florida Baptist Academy, x, 91, 219, 265; Heifetz, Jascha, 234 quartet, 238 Henderson, Fletcher, 46, 61, 63 Floyd, Iona, 112 Henry, John (legend), 76—82; song texts, Folk Song of the American Negro, 143, 129—30; tunes and texts, 64—65, 245 235 Herbert, Victor, 28 Fort Valley State College, 203, 213; Folk Hill, Zema, 331 Festival, xii, 203-15 holy dance. See shout Foster, Stephen, 59, 194 Hope, John, xviii, 167 Free, Mack, 156—57 Hot Termolly Cholly (legend), 82-84 Friml, Charles Rudolf, 28 Howard University, 242 Huggins, Kimuel, 259 Garrison, Lucy McKim, 18, 239 Hughes, Langston, 167 Gay, Beady, 208, 212 Hunter, Albert, 155-56 Georgia Industrial College, 184 Hurston, Zora Neale, xiii, 234 Gershwin, George, 63, 232, 240 hymns, 225; lining of, 36-37 Gibson, Gus, 206 Giles, Harriet, 242 improvisation, 61 Golden Gate Quartet, 221-22 instruments, 49—51, 164; makeshift, Golden Jubilee Singers, 212 44-45 gospel: choir, 224-25; music, 27, 33; International Longshoremen’s quartets, 62, 218—22 Association, 96 Grainger, Percy, 99, 226 Green, Jim, 96 Jackson, George Pullen, 185, 190, 191, guitar, 49, 50, 205; blues, 56; tunings, 192 206 Jackson, Mahalia, 26, 27 Gullah, 15, 97, 100, 148, 241 Jackson, Sam, 207-8, 210-11 jag, 97 Hall, Frederick, 239 James, Minnie. See Washington, Minnie Hallowell, Emily, 239, 244 James Hamilton, Roy, 33 James, Theodora Fisher, xi, xiv hammer songs, IOI, 245—53 James, Willis Laurence, ix—xiv, 96, IOI, Hampton Institute, 150, 199, 219, 225, 169-70 242 jawbone, 49 Handy, William C., 59—60, 63, 213, jaZZ, 23, 26, 27, 29, 32, 33, 40, 200-201, 233-34 217, 218, 222, 225, 236, 267; influence Hare, Maud Cuney, x, 241 on quartets, 220—22; influences on, harmonica, 50, 156—57, 205 57, 60—61; invasion on spirituals, Harp of Columbia, 180 196—201 344 Black Sacred Music Jessye, Eva: choir, 223 Mabry, Maggie, 214 Johnson, Guy B., 190 Mabry, (Bishop) T. M., 214 Johnson, Hall, 200, 222, 223-24, 235; MacGimsey, Robert, 241 choir of, 223 Madison, Ella, 115, 139 Johnson, J. Rosamond, 233 Maise, Naomah, xviii Johnson, James Weldon, 13, 167, 233 mandolin, 49 Jones, J. Richardson, 214 Maynor, Dorothy, 226 Jones, Winston, 257 McCrary, Marvin, 212 joy jumping, 97 McDonald, William, 201 jubilee song sermon, 118; texts of, McKissack, Creecy, 61 118—26; texts and tunes of, 334—36 Mells, Herbert, 239 jubilees, 66, 67, 69, 104, 106, 153, 156, Mendelssohn, Felix, 332 163, 200, 201; attitudes of elite Middle Georgia Singers, 212 Negroes toward, 167-74; attitudes of Mikel, Eugene Mars, 32, 58 rural Negroes toward, 216-18; outside Miller, Henry, 91, 92 uses of, 195-202; sung in churches, Mills Brothers, 220—21 165 —66; texts of, 117, 225, 244; texts Mills, Florence, 46 and tunes of, 309-34 Mitchell, Arnett, 265 jug, 50 modes, 143-44 morality songs, 244; texts and tunes of, Kennedy Brothers, 212 336-38 Kern, Jerome, 28 Morehouse Academy, x Krehbiel, Henry E., 8, 38, 45, 143—44, Morehouse College, x, xi, xii, xviii, 169, 239 170, 239, 242; Glee Club and Quartet, Kreisler, Fritz, 226, 234 X, Xi, xii, 170, 239; Marching Band, xii; Orchestra, x Lalo, Edouard, 40 Moton, Robert Russa, 167, 241 Lawson, Warner, 242 Mules and Men, 234 Lee, Jennie, 238 Music Inn, 32 Lee, Lucille Fletcher, xviii Music School Settlement, x Lee, Ulysses, xii Myers, (Mr. and Mrs.) J. A., 238 Leland College, xi, 178, 259 Library of Congress, ix, 213, 237 National Independent Juniors, 215 Liszt, Franz, 56 National Independent Quartet, 215 Livingstone, David, 44 Negro and His Music, The, 237 Locke, Alain L., 167, 237-38 Negro Caravan, xii Lockett, Allen, 151-52 Negro music: directions for perfor- Lomax, Alan, 68, 148, 184, 240 mance of, 144—46; origins of, Lomax, John A., 68, 148, 184, 240 147-51, 161; question of authenticity, longshoremen, 92—93, 96; songs of, 261 182—94; scales in, 143—44; scholar- lullabies, 244, 272—73; texts and tunes ship on, 162—63, 195; source of of, 272-74 uniqueness, 34 Lunceford, Jimmy, 46 New Negro, 7 Index 345 New York Choir (Georgia), 212 Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolay, 168 Newport Folk Music Festival, ix ring shout, 36—37, 163, 164 Newport Jazz Festival, ix Rising Eight Gospel Singers, 214 road chanty, 255 oil fo’ the jack, 98 Roberts, Alfred, 166 Okeh Records, 220 Robinson, Avery, 69 O’Neal, O. S., 203, 204 Robinson, Bojangles, 46 roustabouts, 92 Packard, Sophia, 242 Rucker, Sam, 212 Paige, Joseph, 257 Running Wild, 223 Palestrina, Giovanni Pierluigi da, 191 pans, 49 Salvation Army, 164 Paramount Record Company, xi, 220 Sarasate, Pablo de, 40, 226 Parrish, Curley, xvii satire songs, 244; texts of, 141-42 Parrish, Lydia, 148, 240, 244 Savannah Longshoremen’s Local, 96 Paterson, Mary, 214 scales, 6—7; pentatonic, 6, 191 Payne, W. E., 96 Scott, Albert, 212 Pearly Gate Choir, 212 Seventy Negro Spirituals, 239 Penn School, 147—48, 150, 236 shack-rouster, 94 Perry, Cleveland, 152—53, 154, 315 shantying, 100 Phillips, “Kid Jeff,’ 99 shape-note singing, 175—81; negative Phylon, vii effects of, 175—79 piano, 45, 50, 205; blues, 56; Fletcher shout, 163, 164. See also ring shout Henderson on, 61 Silver Moon (choir), 212 praying, 210 Sissle, Noble, 46 preacher, 21-22, 26, 166, 175, 218; influ- Slave Songs of the Georgia Sea Islands, ence of blues on, 62 240-41, 244 Purnell, H. P., 212 Slave Songs of the United States, 18, 70, 147, 148—50, 164 R. S. B. Trio, 215 Smith, Bessie, 56, 60, 61 railroad songs, 254, 260 Smith, C. Sprague, 190 Rainey, Ma, 56, 58 Smith, “Kid Jeff,” 96 Read, Florence M., xviii, 242 Smith, Mammie, 60 Religious Folk-Songs of the Negro, 183, Smith, Trixie, 60 185 Smith, Utah, 61 Revival No. 1, The, 183 Soloman, Consiwella, 208 rhythm, 1-15, 23—24, 27, 39, 52, 97, Songs and Tales from the Dark 100, 217; African, 7—8, 9; Charleston, Continent, 67 39; Congo, 39; Coonjine, 39, 40; dance, Souls of Black Folk, The, 237 36—51, 232; instruments of, 164-65; Southern Road, 238 jump jim crow, 43; malaguena, 39; in Southernaires, 221-22 the shout, 36; snake hips, 43; tangana, speech, 5—6 39; in texts, 106-11 Speight, A. L., 67 346 Black Sacred Music Spelman College, x, xi, xii, xiv, xviii, Tuskegee Institute, 199, 219, 234, 235, 169, 213, 239, 242; Glee Club, xii 237, 238, 242 Spencer, Jon Michael, xiv spirituals, 25, 26, 27, 28, 33, 37, 51, 55, Vittoria, Tomas Luis de, 191 66, 67, 69, 70, 104, 105—6, 153, 156, voodoo, 37 163, 177, 178, 200, 222, 225, 235, 236, 241, 244; attitudes of elite Negroes Wagner, Richard, 75, 180 toward, 167—74; attitudes of rural Walker, George, 46 Negroes toward, 216—18; authenticity Wallenschek, Richard, 8, 190, 239 of, 182—94; imitations of, 195—99; war songs, 140—41 outside uses of, 195 —202, 240; sorrow Ward Sisters, 26, 27 songs, 105; sung in churches, 165 —67; Ware, Charles Pickard, 18, 147, 239 texts of, 111—17; texts and tunes of, washboard, 44 274-309 Washington, Booker T., 167, 237 St. Helena Island Spirituals, 8, 98, Washington, Minnie James, x, xiv 148—50, 260 Waters, Ethel, 56, 60, 61 State Teachers’ College (Montgomery), Whalum, Wendell P., xii 201, 257 White, Clarence Cameron, 234 Stearns, Marshall, 33 White, George, 242 Still, William Grant, 236 White, Newman, 190 Stivers, Sara Owsley, xviii white spirituals: compared with Negro Stokowski, Leopold, 234-35 spirituals, 183-94 Stone, Alma, xviii White Spirituals in the Southern Stone, Percy, xvii, 279 Uplands, 185, 190 Strekfus Line, 31 Wieniawski, Henri, 226 Sumac, Yma, 26 Wilberforce University, ix Swan, M. L., 180 Williams, Spencer, 61 Swan, W. H., 180 Wings Over Jordan Choir, 224-25 swings, IOI Wolfe, Jacques, 197-99 Symphonie espagnole, 40 Women’s Auxiliary Corps (W.A.C.), 115 Woodson, Carter G., 75, 167 T. C. I. Company, 151, 158 Woodward, Sidney, x, 238 tailgate band, 51 Work, Agnes, 235 Talladega College, 225, 242 Work, Elnora J., 235 Terrill, Levi M., xvii, 96, 101 Work, Frederick J., 235 Tharpe, Rosetta, 27, 61 Work, John, Jr., 235 “The Negro National Anthem,” 233 Work, John, Sr., 143, 208, 213, 222, 235, “The Party,’ 20 238 Thomas, John Charles, 99 work song, 25, 28, 33, 66—74, 75-103, Toscanini, Arturo, 34 240, 244; African, 67; texts of, Troup, C. V., 203 129—36 Tupper, W. M., 93 Works Progress Administration (W.P.A.}, Turner, Lorenzo, xvii, 38, 241 224