Black fungus-gnats in deciduous forest habitat in northern Europe, with the description of Bradysia arcula sp. n. (Diptera: Sciaridae)

2007·0.32 MB·

by  Pekka Vilkamaa

©EntomologicaFennica.5December2007
Black fungus-gnats in deciduous forest habitat
in northern Europe, with the description of Bradysia arcula sp.
n. (Diptera: Sciaridae)
PekkaVilkamaa,JukkaSalmela&HeikkiHippa
Vilkamaa,P.,Salmela,J.&Hippa,H.2007:Blackfungus-gnatsindeciduousfo-
rest habitat in northern Europe, with the description of Bradysia arcula sp. n.
(Diptera:Sciaridae).—Entomol.Fennica18:226–231.
ThesciaridfaunaofadeciduousforestinKivijärviNatureReserve,southernFin-
land,wasstudied.Inall,58specieswerefoundinamaterialof247specimens,
collectedwithMalaisetraps.Thematerialincludedthefollowingspeciesnewto
the Finnish and North European fauna: Corynoptera postforcipata Rudzinski,
Leptosciarellajuniperi(Mohrig&Blasco-Zumeta),Leptosciarellasubcoarctata
Mohrig&Menzel,Leptosciarellayerburyi(Freeman),Phytosciaramacrotricha
(Lengersdorf)andSciaranurseiFreeman.Bradysiaarculasp.n.,foundalsoin
twootherlocalitiesinFinland,isdescribed,andakeytotheFinnishspeciesofthe
Bradysiapraecoxgroupisprovided.
P.Vilkamaa,FinnishMuseumofNaturalHistory,ZoologicalMuseum,P.O.Box
17,FI-00014UniversityofHelsinki;E-mail:[email protected]
J.Salmela,DepartmentofBiologicalandEnvironmentalSciences,P.O.Box35,
FI-40014UniversityofJyväskylä,Finland;E-mail:[email protected]
H. Hippa, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, SE-104 05
Stockholm,Sweden;E-mail:[email protected]
Received9March2007,accepted10April2007
1.Introduction
Bradysia, belonging to the Bradysia praecox
group,isdescribedhere.
SeveralpapershavebeenpublishedonSciaridae
ofnorthernEurope,butthesearealmostentirely
2.Materialandmethods
focused on taxonomy (Frey 1948, Tuomikoski
1960, Hippa & Vilkamaa 1991, 1994, 2004,
2006, Hippa et al. 2003, Vilkamaa et al. 2004, KivijärviNatureReserveareaislocatedinUrjala,
Vilkamaa & Hippa 2005, 2006). Salmela and south-western Finland (60°59’N 23°26’E; the
Vilkamaa (2005) published faunistic-ecological square6770:308intheFinnishUniformGridSy-
data on the Sciaridae of central Finland, along stem).ThematerialwascollectedwithtwoMal-
with some taxonomic findings. That paper was aise traps set in a herb-rich forest habitat on a
focusedonconiferousforestsandmires,whereas smallhillcalledKalkkimäki.Thesiteischarac-
thepresentpaperdealswithdeciduousforesthab- terizedbydeciduoustrees(Populustremula,Tilia
itat,thesciaridfaunaofwhichispoorlyknownin cordata, Acer platanoides) but spruce (Picea
northernEurope.Furthermore,anewspeciesof abies) is also common. Several demanding and
ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.18 (cid:127) Blackfungusgnats 227
rarevascularplantsandbryophytes,indicatinga Corynoptera postforcipata Rudzinski, 1993,
base-rich,calcareousbedrock,areknowntooc- was described from Bavaria, Germany, and has
curinthearea(fordetails,seeSalmela&Härmä beenlaterfoundinEngland(Menzeletal.2006).
2004). Leptosciarella juniperi (Mohrig & Blasco-
Thetrapsweresetinthefieldon20.IV.2003 Zumeta,1996),wasdescribedfromSpain,andit
and emptied in about four week intervals; they hasbeenfoundlaterinCanaryIslands,Italy,Aus-
werefinallyremovedon5.X.2003.Weused50% tria, Czech Republic and Turmenia (Menzel &
ethyleneglycolasapreservativeinthetrapsand Mohrig1997).
transferredthecollectedinsectmateriallaterinto LeptosciarellasubcoarctataMohrig&Men-
70% ethanol. Additional Finnish specimens of zel,1997,hasuptonowbeenknownonlyfrom
the new species were similarly collected and theholotype,collectedinRussia,Tuva.
treated. ThespecimenfromCanadawaspinned Leptosciarellayerburyi(Freeman,1983)was
(collectionmethodunknown). describedfromScotland,subsequentrecordsare
Sciarid males were sorted from the material fromIreland,Germany,Austria,Slovakia,Lithu-
and mounted on microscope slides in Euparal. aniaandUkraine(Mohrig&Menzel1997)and
Thedrawingsweremadewiththehelpofacam- from England (Menzel et al. 2006), Hungary
eralucidaattachedtoaLeitzDiaplancompound (Rulik et al. 2001), and the Czech Republic
microscope.ThematerialisdepositedinZoolog- (Menzeletal.2000).
ical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural His- Phytosciara macrotricha (Lengersdorf,
tory, Helsinki (MZH), one paratype of the new 1926) wasdescribedfromAustria, andthespe-
species in Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, cieshasawidedistributionfromCentralEurope
Müncheberg (DEI), and one in Canadian Na- totheBalticcountries(Mohrig&Menzel1994).
tionalCollection,Ottawa(CNC).Thenomencla- Sciara nursei Freeman, 1983 was described
tureandclassificationfollowsthatofMenzeland fromEngland.Thetaxonomicandnomenclatural
Mohrig (2000), except for genera Claustropyga confusionregardingthecomplex‘nursei-margi-
(Hippaetal.2003)andPeyerimhoffia(Vilkamaa nata-flavomarginata-ulrichi’ was clarified by
&Hippa2005). Menzeletal.(2006).Sciaranursei(mostlyunder
S. ulrichi) has a wide Palaearctic distribution
(Menzel1998,2000,2001,2002)butourrecord
3.Resultsanddiscussion
isthefirstfromnorthernEurope.
3.1.Faunistics
3.2.Taxonomy
The identified material consisted of 247 male
specimensbelongingto58species(Table1).The According to Menzel and Mohrig (2000), the
mostspecies-richgenerawereCorynopteraand Bradysiapraecoxgroupischaracterizede.g.by
Leptosciarella (Table 1). There are actually no short mesial setosity of the mesonotum, palpo-
earlier published faunistic data on the sciarid mere 1 with simple or only indistinctly demar-
fauna of deciduous forests in northern Europe. catedsensoryarea(insomespeciesadistinctpit),
For the most part, the species now found have palpomere2withoutlonglateralsetae(seemsto
been recorded also in coniferous forest sites in varybetweenspecies).
Finland(seeTuomikoski1960,Salmela&Vilka-
maa2005)butmanyspecies,numerousinconif- 3.2.1.KeytothemalesoftheFinnishspecies
eroussites,werefoundhereinverylownumbers oftheBradysiapraecoxgroup
(e.g. Corynoptera boletiphaga (Lengersdorf),
Camptochaeta camptochaeta (Tuomikoski) and 1. Bases of gonocoxites with area of dense
Ctenosciarahyalipennis(Meigen). setosity, apex of tegmen with minute teeth,
Six species new to the Finnish fauna were aedeagalteethingroupsoftwoorthree,sen-
found, including a new species which is de- silla of palpomere 1 in patch, not in pit
scribedhere. praecox(Meigen)
228 Vilkamaaetal. (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.18
Table1.SciaridaecollectedwithtwoMalaisetrapsinKivijärviNatureReserve,southernFinland.I–V=sampling
periods:I =20.V.–3.VI,II =3.VI.–6.VII,II =6.VII.–3.VIII,IV =3.VIII.–15.IX.,V =15.IX.–5.X.Thespecies
markedwithanasterisk(*)arenewtotheFinnishfauna.
I II III IV V
BradysiaexselsaMenzel&Mohrig,1998 1 1
BradysiahilariformisTuomikoski,1960 12
BradysialobuliferaFrey,1948 1
Bradysianitidicollis(Meigen,1818) 7
BradysiarectinervisFrey,1948 1
Bradysiafungicolagr.sp. 2
*Bradysiaarculasp.n. 2
Camptochaetacamptochaeta(Tuomikoski,1960) 3
CamptochaetafallaxHippa&Vilkamaa,1994 2
Camptochaetahirtula(Lengersdorf,1934) 1
Camptochaetauniformis(Mohrig&Menzel,1990) 2
Claustropygaheteroclausa(Rudzinski,1991) 2
Claustropygasubcorticis(Mohrig&Krivosheina,1985) 1
Corynopterabicuspidata(Lengersdorf,1926) 1
CorynopterabistrispinaTuomikoski,1960 1 3 2 1
Corynopteraboletiphaga(Lengersdorf,1940) 1 1
*CorynopterapostforcipataRudzinski,1993 1
CorynopterafurciferaMohrig&Mamaev,1987 1
Corynopterahypopygialis(Lengersdorf,1926) 1
CorynopterainexspectataTuomikoski,1960 1
Corynopteraluteofusca(Bukowski&Lengersdorf,1936) 2 1
Corynopteramembranigera(Kieffer,1903) 2 1
CorynopteraobscuripilaTuomikoski,1960 4 15 2
CorynopterasubdentataMohrig,1985 11 1
CorynopterasaccataTuomikoski,1960 2 1 1
Corynopterasubtilis(Lengersdorf,1929) 2
CorynopteratriacanthaTuomikoski,1960 2
Corynopteraunidentata(Hippa&Vilkamaa,1994) 3 3
Ctenosciarahyalipennis(Meigen,1804) 1
Epidapusatomarius(DeGeer,1778) 4 6
Leptosciarelladimera(Tuomikoski,1960) 5 5
Leptosciarellafuscipalpa(Mohrig&Mamaev,1979) 10 1
*Leptosciarellajuniperi(Mohrig&Blasco-Zumeta,1996) 1
Leptosciarellarejecta(Winnertz,1867) 1 11 1
Leptosciarellascutellata(Staeger,1840) 1 2
*LeptosciarellasubcoarctataMohrig&Menzel,1997 1 12
Leptosciarellatrochanterata(Zetterstedt,1851) 7
*Leptosciarellayerburyi(Freeman,1983) 5 1
Lycoriellaglobiceps(Becher,1886) 1 1
Lycoriellaingenua(Dufour,1838)
Lycoriellalundstromi(Frey,1948) 1
Lycoriellasp. 1
Peyerimhoffiacrassistylata(Frey,1948) 5 1
Peyerimhoffiavagabunda(Winnertz,1867) 2 3
Phytosciaramacrotricha(Lengersdorf,1926) 2
Pseudolycoriellabrunnea(Bukowski&Lengersdorf,1936) 1 1 6
Scatopsciaratricuspidata(Winnertz,1867) 4 2 2
*SciaranurseiFreeman,1983 1
ScythropochroaradialisLengersdorf,1926 3 3
TrichosiaacrorichaTuomikoski,1960 1 1
TrichosiaconfusaMenzel&Mohrig,1997 1
TrichosiaflavicoxaTuomikoski,1960 1
Trichosiamorio(fabricius,1794) 4 4 5
TrichosiasplendensWinnertz,1867 3
XylosciaraheptacanthaTuomikoski,1957 1
Xylosciaralongiforceps(Bukowski&Lengersdorf) 1
Xylosciaramisella(Frey,1948) 1
ZygoneurasciarinaMeigen,1830 2
Total(247) 7 124 76 28 12
ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.18 (cid:127) Blackfungusgnats 229
– Bases of gonocoxites with normal setosity, tennal flagellum pale brown, long. Antennal
apex of tegmen without minute teeth, flagellomeres becoming slightly longer towards
aedeagalteethsolitary,sensillaofpalpomere apexofflagellum;length/widthofflagellomere4
1inpit 2 2.30–2.90 (Fig. 1a). Flagellomeres with rather
2. Wing length 1.7–2.0 mm, anal lobe of wing densely placed setae and sensilla, longest setae
strong nitidicollis(Meigen) about as long as flagellomeral width. Flagello-
– Wing length > 2.3 mm, anal lobe of wing meral necks distinct, concolorous with flagello-
weak 3 meral bodies, shorter than wide. Prefrons and
3. Gonostylus broadest subapically, apical clypeusdarkbrown.Prefronswith57–92setae,
megasetae as thick and longer than apical shortbutamongthemsomestrongerones.Cly-
tooth vernalis(Zetterstedt) peus with 1–8 long and strong setae. Maxillary
– Gonostylusbroadestataboutitsmiddle,api- palpus(Fig.1b)with3palpomeres.Palpomere1
cal megasetae more slender and at most as long and thick, with large distinct sensillar pit
longasapicaltooth 4 with ca. 20 hyalinous sensilla densely placed;
4. Sensory pitofpalpomere1small,ca.1/3of with3–7longsetae,oneofwhichdistinctlylon-
widthofpalpomere1;setosityofgonocoxite gerthanothers.Palpomere2slightlyshorterand
shortanddense,areabetweenapicaltoothand moreslenderthanpalpomere3,withsomelong
apicalmegasetaesetose and shorter sharp setae and some truncate short
iridipennis(Zetterstedt) sensilla.Palpomere3possiblyaslongaspalpo-
– Sensorypitofpalpomere1large,morethan½ mere2(Fig.1bmaybemisleadingduetotheori-
of width of palpomere 1, setosity of gono- entationofthepalp),withsometruncatesensilla,
coxite long and sparse, area between apical twodistallongest.
toothandapicalmegasetaenon-setose arcula Thorax. Dark to medium brown. Thoracic
sp.n. setaepaleandrelativelyfine.Acrocentralsinin-
distinctrows,dorsocentralsinindistinctrowsof
3.2.2.Bradysiaarculasp.n. 1–3setae,lateralsinindistinctrowsof4–5setae.
Posteriorpronotumbare,anteriorpronotumwith
Materialstudied.Holotypemale:FINLAND,Ta 10–18 setae, episternum 1 with 17–29 setae.
(Tavastiaaustralis),Urjala,KivijärviNatureRe- Scutellumwithnumerousshort,andtwolonger
serve, Kalkkimäki (60°59’N 23°26’E (= 6770: andstrongersetae.
308), grove, Malaise trap, 3.VI.–6.VII.2003, J. Wing. Fumose brown. Length 2.3–2.9 mm,
Salmela & O. Härmä (MZH). Paratypes: same width/length0.40–0.45.Anallobenormal,small;
dataasholotype,1#(MZH);Obb(Ostrobothnia c/w 0.65–0.75, R1/R 0.75–0.85. Fork of M
borealis), Rovaniemi, Kivalo 73587:34881, shorterthanstM.R5withnumerousdorsalanda
3.VIII.2004, J. Salmela, 1 # (MZH); Obb, Ter- fewventralsetae,r-mwith3–6dorsalsetae,bM
vola,PihlajakuruW(7354251:3412039),3.VII.– with2–4dorsalsetae.stM,MandCunon-setose.
2.VIII.2004, J. Salmela, 1 # (DEI); Ta, Lahti, Halterespale,withshortstalk.
Mukkula, (676:92), 19.–25.VI.2002, O. Blom- Legs.Palebrown,tarsislightlydarkerbrown;
ster,1#(MZH);Tb(Tavastiaborealis),Konne- longandstrong.Setaepale.Femoranormal,not
vesi,Teerimäki,(6941:468),21.VI.2003,J.Sal- thickened. Length of basitarsomere 1/tibia 1
mela,1#(MZH);Tb(Tavastiaborealis),Saari- 0.55–0.60.Tibiae,inadditiontonormalsocketed
järvi,Pyhä-HäkkiN.P.,EPoika-Ahofarm(62.51 andnon-socketedsetae,withsomespinosesetae
N 25.26 E), spruce-pine forest, Malaise trap, onallsidesexceptdorsally,T1withasubapical
7.VI.–4.VII.2004,M.&C.Jaschhof,1#(MZH); prolateralcombof4–6(7)spinosesetae(Fig.1c).
CANADA, Nova Scotia, CBHNt. Pk. Beulach T3withindistinctrowofspinosesetaeventrally
Ban Fls. PG813869, wet rock face, 1.VII.1984, atapicalhalf,anddistinctapicalretrolateralrow
H.J.Teskey,1#(CNC). ofspinosesetae.Tibialspurs1+2+2,longerthan
Description(male).Head.Eyebridgewith2– apicaldiameteroftibiae,subequalinlengthinT2
3 rows of facets. Interfacetal setae present. andT3.Tarsalclawssimple,withoutteeth.
Antennal scape and pedicel dark brown. An- Abdomen. Normal, pale brown, paler than
230 Vilkamaaetal. (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.18
Fig.1.Bradysiaarcula
sp.n.(holotype).–a.
Antennalflagellomere4,
ventralview.–b.
Maxillarylaciniaand
palp,dorsalview.–c.
Apexofforetibia,
prolateralview.–d.Part
ofhypopygium,ventral
view.–e.Partof
gonostylus,ventralview.
Scale0.10mm.
thorax,concolorouswithfemoraandtibiae.Setae widest submedially, slightly tapering towards
pale,slender,ratherdenselyplacedonsclerites. apex.Apicaltoothstrongandcurved,placedhigh
Hypopygium (Fig. 1d). Pale brown. Gono- onlateralsideofapexofgonostylus.Gonostylus
coxitesseparate,intercoxalareawithnon-setose with two apical (lateral) and 5–6 subapical
stripe,withoutlobesorgroupsofdenselyplaced megasetae,thelatterseparatedfromapicaltooth
setae. Gonocoxite non-modified, longer than byanon-setosearea.Lateralsetaeofgonostylus
broad,withadistinctlongandstrongsetaatven- relatively short, longest ones about as long as
tral and dorsal apicomesial corner, setae long; gonostylarwidth.
mesial membranous area non-setose.Tegmen Discussion. Bradysia arcula belongs to the
aboutaslongaswide,widestsub-basally,taper- Bradysia praecox group of Menzel and Mohrig
ingslightly towardsapex:apodemesstrongand (2000).Ofthosespeciesofthegroup,whichhave
well sclerotized; parameres weakly sclerotized; been found in Finland (B. iridipennis, B. nitidi-
apexoftegmenwithmembraneousarea;tegmen collis, B. praecox and B. vernalis), B. arcula is
with dorsal sclerotized oval ridge, interrupted most similar to B. iridipennis by having the
apically. Aedeagalstalk short, strongly scleroti- gonostylusbroadestnearitsmiddle.B.arculadif-
zed,aedeagalplatewithca.20elongate,separate fersbyitsrelativelynarrowergonostylus,byhav-
teeth.Sternite9with1–2setae. ing the area between the apical tooth of gono-
Gonostylus (Fig. 1e). Narrow and elongate, stylus and the apical megasetae non-setose, by
ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.18 (cid:127) Blackfungusgnats 231
havingthesetosityofgonocoxitesparserbutlon- schreibung von zwei neuen Trauermücken-Arten
ger and by having the tegmen with a dorsal (Sciaridae).—StudiaDipterol.8:355–409.
Menzel, F. 2002: Family Sciaridae. — In: Beuk,
sclerotized ring and by having a much larger
P.L.T.(ed.), Checklist of the Diptera of the Nether-
sensillarpitonpalpomere1.
lands:64–68.KNNV,Utrecht,448pp.
Menzel, F. &Mohrig, W. 2000:Revision derpaläarkti-
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