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Black & decker Trim & finish carpentry : techniques & tips from the pros PDF

161 Pages·2010·43.75 MB·English
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TRIM & FINISH CARPENTRY Techniques & Tips from the Pros MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOtA www.creativepub.com 001-003_C56594.indd 1 5/12/10 11:04:08 AM 001-003_C56594.indd 1 ((RRaayy)) Text JJoobb::0044--1188337788 TTiittllee:: CCPPII__HHII 00660044 CCGG ttoo TTrriimm && FF5ii/nn1ii2ss/hh1 0CC aa rr1pp1ee:0nn4ttrr:2yy2 AM 0055--AACC5566559944 ##117755 DDttpp::116600 PPaaggee::11 Contents Trim & Finish Carpentry 84 88 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 TRIM STYLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 PREPARING FOR A TRIM PROJECT . . . . . . . . . . 15 Tools & Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Jobsite Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Planning a Trim Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 94 Removing Old Trim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 ESSENTIAL SKILLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Measuring & Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 Cutting & Fitting Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 Finishing Trim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 Sanding Trim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 Painting Trim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66 Clear-Coating Trim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68 112 118 TRIM CARPENTRY PROJECTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 One-piece Base Molding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 Built-up Base Molding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76 Picture Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80 Chair Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82 Built-up Chair Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84 Crown Molding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88 Built-up Crown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94 120 Polymer Crown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98 Basic Casing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100 Window Stool & Apron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102 Arts & Crafts Casing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106 Basement Window Trim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108 Decorative Door Header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112 Wall Opening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114 Wall Frame Moldings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118 Wainscot Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120 126 136 Raised-panel Wainscot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126 Jointless Rail-and-stile Wainscot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130 Ceiling Medallions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136 Coffered Ceilings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138 Custom Moldings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142 Metric Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Resources/Credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 138 001-003_18378.indd 3 4/5/10 12:41:11 PM 001-003_18378.indd 3 4/3/10 9:28:32 AM JJoobb::0044--1188337788 TTiittllee:: CCPPII__HHII 00660044 CCGG ttoo TTrriimm && FFiinniisshh CCaarrppeennttrryy ((RRaayy)) Text JJoobb::0044--1188337788 TTiittllee:: CCPPII__HHII 00660044 CCGG ttoo TTrriimm && FFiinniisshh CCaarrppeennttrryy ##117755 DDttpp::116600 PPaaggee::22 ##117755 DDttpp::116600 PPaaggee::33 004-045_C56559.indd 4 4/23/10 1:35:17 PM 004-045_18378.indd 4 4/5/10 8:33:22 AM ((RRaayy)) Text JJoobb::0044--1188337788 TTiittllee:: CCPPII__HHII 00660044 CCGG ttoo TTrriimm && FFiinniisshh CCaarrppeennttrryy C56559 ##117755 DDttpp::116600 PPaaggee::44 Introduction Trim moldings are installed primarily to decorate our houses by adding rich wood tones and creating ornamental effects that often feature light and shadow. Moldings do perform minor structural jobs, too, mainly to conceal gaps between walls, floor, and ceilings, and around doors and windows. Decorative trim has a long history. Ancient Greeks used molding in their buildings to divide surfaces into smaller parts to create visual interest, generally basing their profiles on the ellipse, parabola, or hyperbola. Romans simplified the moldings of the Greeks, basing their profiles instead on the circle. These two styles of molding evolved into eight classical shapes of molding, derived from a combination of complex moldings that have irregular curvatures and simple moldings formed from a continuous curve, such as the arc of a circle. Traditional trim molding has details and features that identify it as belonging to a particular architectural style. The most popular styles for millwork are Victorian, Federal, Arts & Crafts, Neoclassical, and modern. Some of these profiles have served as the building blocks of interior ornament for centuries. It should be noted that a large portion of the floor space given over to moldings at any building center these days is consumed by ranch molding—a “style” of trim that is so plain it has no real style classification. Ranch moldings are cheap and easy to install and thus have some value as a building material. But if your intent is to use trim as a significant decorative element in your home, you should investigate some of the more interesting profiles (see pages 26 to 31). Until the middle of the 1800s, most molding in America was made on the building site by carpenters who used hand planes, chisels, and gouges. Wide pieces of trim, such as crown molding, were made in woodworking shops where large planes were pulled by apprentices under the guidance of master artisans. Depending on the size and style of a building, molding could be used to ornament almost all the interior architectural elements. By the late 1850s, planing machines had been developed to produce molding on a large scale, at a much lower cost than custom handmade molding. This made elaborate and sophisticated ornamentation available to all who wanted it in their homes. In today’s market it would not be cost effective for carpenters to create molding profiles from lumber. Today, mass-production brings a whole range of molding possibilities to any home builder or remodeler, from re-creations of built-up cornices to replications of hand-carved plaster moldings made from a mold and cast polyurethane. Creative trim carpenters have learned to combine stock moldings to create a nearly infinite variety of complex profiles. Before beginning your trim project, do plenty of planning and get to know your tools. Safety is paramount when working with any power tools. Make sure you use the correct tools for the project and that the tools are well maintained. Also use proper techniques and safety practices: Carelessness is not only dangerous; it can lead to inaccurate measurements, poor cuts, and loss of productivity. ■ 5 004-045_18378.indd 5 4/5/10 8:45:57 AM 004-045_18378.indd 5 4/5/10 8:33:22 AM JJoobb::0044--1188337788 TTiittllee:: CCPPII__HHII 00660044 CCGG ttoo TTrriimm && FFiinniisshh CCaarrppeennttrryy ((RRaayy)) Text JJoobb::0044--1188337788 TTiittllee:: CCPPII__HHII 00660044 CCGG ttoo TTrriimm && FFiinniisshh CCaarrppeennttrryy ##117755 DDttpp::116600 PPaaggee::44 ##117755 DDttpp::116600 PPaaggee::55 Victorian Trim Style Victorian style began in the mid-nineteenth century and lasted approximately sixty years. Trimwork of 1 × 2 back band this style is generally very ornate with large elaborate casings that emphasize curves and decoration rather than material. Moldings were built by stacking layers multiple times, rather than using a single piece. Victorian style is generally seen in houses with Cap molding higher ceilings. Due to the sheer size and nature of these moldings, they may tend to crowd a standard 8-ft.-tall room, especially if all types of trim elements Base molding are included from the floor up. However, the term “Victorian” encompasses many different variations and can be successfully installed in smaller homes by sizing down the scale of the trimwork. This Victorian door casing is not made up of casing at all, but actually a combination of baseboard and cap molding with 1 × 2 as a back band. The overall width of the casing is 4", creating a strong statement when compared to a single-piece stock molding. 6 ■ TRIM & FINISH CARpeNTRy 004-045_18378.indd 6 4/5/10 8:46:00 AM 004-045_18378.indd 6 4/5/10 8:33:22 AM ((RRaayy)) Text JJoobb::0044--1188337788 TTiittllee:: CCPPII__HHII 00660044 CCGG ttoo TTrriimm && FFiinniisshh CCaarrppeennttrryy ##117755 DDttpp::116600 PPaaggee::66 Victorian frame and panel walls were often so elaborate that they were constructed outside the home and brought in to be installed. Baseboards were commonly 7" tall or greater, with plinth Victorian style cornice moldings were often very large blocks at door openings rather than a straight casing to and elaborate. Made up of multiple pieces of material, the the floor. decoration can sometimes be seen as out of proportion with current construction standards. Trim Styles ■ 7 004-045_18378.indd 7 4/5/10 8:46:02 AM 004-045_18378.indd 7 4/5/10 8:33:22 AM JJoobb::0044--1188337788 TTiittllee:: CCPPII__HHII 00660044 CCGG ttoo TTrriimm && FFiinniisshh CCaarrppeennttrryy ((RRaayy)) Text JJoobb::0044--1188337788 TTiittllee:: CCPPII__HHII 00660044 CCGG ttoo TTrriimm && FFiinniisshh CCaarrppeennttrryy ##117755 DDttpp::116600 PPaaggee::66 ##117755 DDttpp::116600 PPaaggee::77 Arts & Crafts Trim Style Arts & Crafts style originated near the turn of the twentieth century. Trim components of this style generally emphasize wood grain, function, and 1 × 4 back band simplicity in design. Typical Arts & Crafts furnishings and trim are made from quartersawn white oak, but painted trim work is a less expensive alternative that still maintains the style. There are many variations of Arts & Crafts style. 1 × 4 The projects provided in this book illustrate only a few common trim techniques. Research the movement Biscuit if you like the idea of wider, straight-line casings, but don’t see exactly what you want. The installation techniques are the same, with variations in joinery and style elements. Use biscuits to join butted joints of an Arts & Crafts window or door treatment. Mitered corner molding wraps around the perimeter of the solid stock, to add depth to the casing. Art 8B Decorative elements from these Arts & Crafts cabinets are repeated in the window frame and throughout the room to an impressive visual effect. 8 ■ TRIM & FINISH CARpeNTRy 004-045_18378.indd 8 4/5/10 8:46:05 AM 004-045_18378.indd 8 4/5/10 8:33:22 AM ((RRaayy)) Text JJoobb::0044--1188337788 TTiittllee:: CCPPII__HHII 00660044 CCGG ttoo TTrriimm && FFiinniisshh CCaarrppeennttrryy ##117755 DDttpp::116600 PPaaggee::88 White oak is the preferred Arts & Crafts Arts & Crafts plate rail doubles as wainscot cap, which is usually higher than wood type. The window apron above wainscot in other decorating vernaculars. In a typical Arts & Crafts installation, the is from quartersawn white oak, the wainscot is between 48" and 54" high. Corbels located above frame-and-panel stiles preferred cut. The wainscot panels are are a common motif. plainsawn white oak veneer plywood. Fancy Arts & Crafts embellishments, like the newel post (above) and the wraparound window header (left), still feature relatively plain wood treatments with a very linear appearance. Trim Styles ■ 9 004-045_18378.indd 9 4/5/10 8:46:10 AM 004-045_18378.indd 9 4/5/10 8:33:22 AM JJoobb::0044--1188337788 TTiittllee:: CCPPII__HHII 00660044 CCGG ttoo TTrriimm && FFiinniisshh CCaarrppeennttrryy ((RRaayy)) Text JJoobb::0044--1188337788 TTiittllee:: CCPPII__HHII 00660044 CCGG ttoo TTrriimm && FFiinniisshh CCaarrppeennttrryy ##117755 DDttpp::116600 PPaaggee::88 ##117755 DDttpp::116600 PPaaggee::99 Neoclassical Trim Style The term “Neoclassical” refers to any style derived from classic Roman or Greek architecture. 1 × 3 cap strip Specific Neoclassical styles include Federal and 1 × 4 Georgian styles. Traditional Greek buildings had frieze structural components such as columns and pedestals, which, in modern time, have been replaced with interior trim elements such as door casings and Crown molding baseboard. An example of a Neoclassical door trim would be a fluted casing with plinth blocks at the floor. This style is a direct, but flatter version, of classic Greek architecture. Neoclassical style is also represented in many of Crosshead strip the buildings of the U.S. Federal Government. Many national monuments have Neoclassical elements in their window and door treatments as well as the obvious exterior trim components such as columns. Fluted This illustrated Neoclassical fluted casing (right) is capped casing off with a 4-piece decorative head including: half-round cross- head strip, 1 × 4 frieze board, crown molding, and 1 × 3 cap strip. Art 10B Neoclassical is a very broad trim category that includes many styles and interpretations. Basically, it boils down to “Formal and Fancy.” 10 ■ TRIM & FINISH CARpeNTRy 004-045_18378.indd 10 4/5/10 8:46:17 AM 004-045_18378.indd 10 4/5/10 8:33:23 AM ((RRaayy)) Text JJoobb::0044--1188337788 TTiittllee:: CCPPII__HHII 00660044 CCGG ttoo TTrriimm && FFiinniisshh CCaarrppeennttrryy ##117755 DDttpp::116600 PPaaggee::1100

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