Table Of Content

Black Americans Defense |k in of DEPARTMS^T OF Our Nation DEFENSE |ffi Mr. Claiborne D. Haughton, Jr. BLACK AMERICANS DEFENSE IN ;sg\l OF OUR NATION ForsalebytheSuperintendentofDocuments,U.S.GovernmentPrintingOffice Washington,DC.20402 A DOCUMENTARY PICTORIAL OF THE BLACK AMERICAN MALE AND FEMALE PARTICIPATION AND INVOLVEMENT THE IN MILITARY AFFAIRS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Digitized by the Internet Archive 2016 in https://archive.org/details/blackamericansin00wash_0 TABLE OF CONTENTS PART ONE GREETINGS AND BACKGROUND From the Office ofthe Secretary of Defense 1 Human Goals Charter 2 Foreword from the Chairman ofthe Joint Chiefs of Staff 7 Introduction: the Black American Patriot in Perspective 9 Significant Black American Firsts in the Military 12 Famous/Noteworthy Black American Military Units 15 Chronology of Black Americans in the Military 17 PART TWO THE BLACK AMERICAN WARRIORS CHAPTER I BLACK AMERICANS FOUGHT AND SERVED THEIR COUNTRY FROM COLONIAL TIMES AND SLAVERY THROUGH THE PRESENT The American Revolution (1775-1783) 25 The War of 1812 (1812-1815) 29 The Seminole Wars (1816-1842) 33 The Civil War (1861-1865) 35 The Indian Campaigns 41 The Spanish-American War (1898) 45 World War (1914-1918) 49 I The Post World War Period (1919-1940) 55 I World War II (1941-1945) 61 Black Americans in Defense of Our Nation Table of Contents The Post World War II Period (1946-1950) . 69 The Korean Conflict (1950-1953) 75 The Post Korean Period (1954-1906) 79 The Vietnam Conflict (1960-1973) 83 The Post Vietnam Period (1973-Present) 87 CHAPTER II THE BLACK AMERICAN MAKES HISTORICAL STRIDES IN DEFENSE OF OUR NATION The Tuskegee Flyers-The Black American Becomes a Fighting Airman 91 The 761st Tank Battalion 95 The Red Ball Express and the Black American Trucker During World War II ... 99 The Triple Nickles-The 555th Parachute Infantry Company 103 The Black American in Space and Aeronautics 107 CHAPTER III THE BLACK AMERICAN IN EXPANDED SERVICES ON THE SEAS AND IN THE AIR The Black American in the United States Navy 109 The Black American in the United States Air Force 115 The Black American in the United States Marine Corps 123 The Black American in the United States Coast Guard 129 The Black American in the United States Merchant Marine 135 CHAPTER IV THE BLACK AMERICAN FEMALE IN PURSUIT OF MILITARY OBJECTIVES FROM COLONIAL TIMES AND SLAVERY THROUGH- THE EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY The Black Female in the Military 137 DACOWITS 145 Table of Contents Black Americans in Defense of Our Nation PART THREE SO PROUDLY WE HAIL CHAPTER V IN TRIBUTE TO: The Chairman ofthe Joint Chiefs of Staff 149 The First Black General in the United States Army 155 The First Black Four Star General in Military Service 157 Other Black Four Star Generals 163 The First Black Female General 167 The First Black Admiral in the United States Navy 169 The First Black General in the Air Force 171 The First Black General in the Marine Corps 173 CHAPTER VI IN RECOGNITION OF: Black Generals in the United States Army Active Duty 175 Retired and Deceased 179 Black Flag Officers in the United States Navy Active Duty 185 Retired 186 Black Generals in the United States Air Force Active Duty 187 Retired and Deceased 188 Black Generals in the United States Marine Corps 191 Black Generals ofthe Army and Air Force Reserves 192 Black Generals in the Army/Air National Guards, Active Duty 193 Black Generals in the Army National Guard, Retired 194 Black Americans in Defense of Our Nation Table of Contents CHAPTER VII IN COMMEMORATION OF BLACK RECIPIENTS OF THE MEDALS OF HONOR During the Civil War 197 During the Interim Period 200 During the Indian Campaigns 202 During the Spanish-American War 205 During World Wars and 206 I II During the Korean Conflict 207 During the Vietnam Conflict 208 CHAPTER VIII ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF CURRENT IN BLACK MILITARY ROLE MODELS Army Colonels 213 Army Sergeant Majors 215 Navy Officers 218 Navy Chief Petty Officers 220 Marine Corps Officers 222 Marine Corps Enlisted Personnel 223 Air Force Colonels and Colonel-Select 225 Air Force Chief Master Sergeants 229 Army/Air National Guard Officers 231 Army/Air National Guard Enlisted Personnel 233 Coast Guard Officers 237 Coast Guard Enlisted Personnel 238 Table of Contents Black Americans in Defense of Our Nation