Birth and Evolution of Massive Stars and Stellar Groups: Proceedings of a Symposium held in Dwingeloo, The Netherlands, 24–26 September 1984

391 Pages·1985·14.535 MB·English

by  Harry van der Laan (auth.), Wilfried Boland, Hugo van Woerden (eds.)

BIRTH AND EVOLUTION OF
MASSIVE STARS AND STELLAR GROUPS
ASTROPHYSICS AND
SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY
A SERIES OF BOOKS ON THE RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
OF SPACE SCIENCE AND OF GENERAL GEOPHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS
PUBLISHED IN CONNECTION WITH THE JOURNAL
SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS
Editorial Board
R. L. F. BOYD, University College, London, England
L. GOLDBERG, Kitt Peak National Observatory, Tucson, Ariz., U.S.A.
C. DE JAGER, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
J. KLECZEK, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Ondfejov, Czechoslovakia
Z. KOPAL, University of Manchester, England
L. I. SEDOV, Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., Moscow, U.S.S.R.
Z. ~VESTKA, Laboratory for Space Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
VOLUME 120
PROCEEDINGS
BIRTH AND EVOLUTION
OF MASSIVE STARS AND
STELLAR GROUPS
PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM HELD IN DWINGELOO,
THE NETHERLANDS, 24-26 SEPTEMBER 1984
In honour of
ADRIAAN BLAAUW
On the occasion of his 70th birthday
Edited by
WILFRIED BOLAND
Netherlands Foundation for Astronomical Research, The Hague, The Netherlands
and
HUGO V AN WOERDEN
Kapteyn Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
D. REIDEL PUBLISHING COMPANY
A MEMBER OF THE KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS GROUP
DORDRECHT / BOSTON / LANCASTER / TOKYO
library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
Birth and evolution of massive stars and stellar groups.
(Astrophysics and space science library; v. 120)
"Bibliography of Adriaan Blaauw, 1939-1985": p.
Includes indexes.
1. Supergiant stars-Congresses. 2. Stars-Evolution-Con
gresses. I. Blaauw, Adriaan. II. Boland, Wilfried, 1953-
III. Woerden, Hugo van. IV. Series.
QB843.S9B57 1985 523.8 85-19341
ISBN-13: 978-94-010-8919-7 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-5478-6
DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-5478-6
Published by D. Reidel Publishing Company,
P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, Holland
Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada
by Kluwer Academic Publishers,
190 Old Derby Street, Hingham, MA 02043, U.S.A.
In all other countries, sold and distributed
by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group,
P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, Holland
All Rights Reserved
© 1985 by D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1985
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized
in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
recording or by any information storage and retrieval system,
without written permission from the copyright owner.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(R Review, I = Invited Paper, P Poster Paper)
Foreword ix
List of Participants xi
Group Photograph xiii
Frontispiece: Adriaan Blaauw xiv
Welcoming Address 1
Harry van der Laan
CHAPTER 1: STRUCTURE OF STAR-FORMING REGIONS 3
The structure of star-forming regions 5
- the ages of subgroups and the progression of star formation (R)
Annei1a I. Sargent
The nearest molecular clouds (I) 23
L. Blitz and L. Magnani
Gould's Belt and supershe11s (I) (Abstract) 31
Harold F. Weaver
Distribution and motion of young nearby stars 33
as a function of age
Per 010f Lindblad and Tor N.G. Westin
CHAPTER 2: STELLAR CONTENT OF YOUNG GROUPS 39
Observable consequences of star formation in molecular clouds (R) 41
G.H. Herbig
Near-infrared spectra of 11 T Tauri stars 49
Y. Andri11at
The turn-on point of the Pleiades cluster 55
Floor van Leeuwen
Two AOV stars on the zero-age main-sequence ~n 63
the association Cha I (P)
P.R. Wesse1ius, P.S. The, H.R.E. Tjin A Djie and H. Steenman
vi TABLE OF CONTENTS
Stellar associations and the regions of 67
active star formation in them (R)
V.A. Ambartsumian and L.V. Mirzoyan
Evolution of massive stars: observational evidence (I) 79
C.D. Garmany
Double stars in young stellar groups (I) 89
T.S. van A1bada
Photometric age determination of OB-associations (I) 95
Tim de Zeeuw and Jan Brand
CHAPTER 3: EVOLUTION OF MASSIVE STARS 105
Evolution of binary stars and the problem of the runaway stars (R) 107
E.P.J. van den Reuve1
Supernovae and pulsars (I) 125
Virginia Trimble
The identification of massive supernova progenitors (I) 135
Corne1is de Jager
A decade of photometric monitoring of n Carinae 153
and an interpretation of its variability
A.M. van Genderen and P.S. The
Stellar evolution in the Mage11anic Clouds 161
E. Py1yser, C. de Loore and C. Doom
IRAS observations of Wo1f-Rayet Stars 167
K.A. van der Rucht, T.A. Jurriens, F.M. 01non, P.S. The,
P.R. Wesse1ius and P.M. Williams
The role of convective overshooting in the evolution 175
of intermediate mass stars
C. Chiosi, G. Bertelli, A. Bressan and E. Nasi
The evolution of massive close binaries with mass loss 183
and overshooting (P)
C.R.B. Sybesma
Formation mechanisms of various groups of luminous stars (P) 185
C. Doom, J.P. de Greve and C. de Loore
The kinematics of pulsars (I) 189
A.G. Lyne
Interaction of supernovae with the interstellar medium 195
R.G. Strom and R. Braun
TABLE OF CONTENTS vii
The kinematics and origin of the runaway O-type stars (I) 201
Ronald Stone
Progenitor systems of two neutron-star binaries (P) 207
Jean-Pierre De Cuyper
The progenitors of the local pulsar population (I) 211
A. Blaauw
CHAPTER 4: EXTRAGALACTIC PERSPECTIVE ON STAR FORMATION 225
Formation of massive stars and the structure of galaxies (R) 227
Bruce G. Elmegreen
Large-scale dissociation of molecular gas and 243
star formation in M83 (I)
R.J. Allen, P.D. Atherton and R.P.J. Tilanus
HI holes in the interstellar medium of Messier 31 253
E. Brinks
Star formation in the Magellanic Clouds (I) 259
B.E. Westerlund
Magellanic interstellar physics and star formation (I) 269
Michael A. Dopita
The starburst phenomenon 285
T. de Jong
Oscillations and bursts in star-formation rates 291
G. Bodifee and C. de Loore
CHAPTER 5: A PROFILE OF ADRIAAN BLAAUW 293
Blaauw's scientific work (R) 295
J .H. Oort
Blaauw and the cosmic distance scale 305
\valter Fricke
Professor A. Blaauw and the International Astronomical Union (I) 309
J.P. Swings
Personal reminiscences of Adriaan Blaauw (I) 311
Edith A. MUller
Blaauw and the European Southern Observatory (I) 315
L. Woltjer
viii TABLE OF CONTENTS
Adriaan Blaauw and the revival of Groningen Astronomy (I) 321
Hugo van·Woerden
Bibliography of Adriaan Blaauw, 1939-1985 349
Subject Index 361
Object Index 365
Name Index 369
FOREWORD
Adriaan Blaauw; Emeritus Professor of Astronomy at the Universities
of Groningen and Leiden, former Directo.r of the Kapteyn Laboratory and
of the European Southern Observatory, celebrated his 70th anniversary on
12 April 1984. To mark this event, an international Symposium was con
vened on the subject "Birth and Evolution of Massive Stars and Stellar
Groups", a subject which has played the leading role in Blaauw's scien
tific research. The present volume contains the Scientific Proceedings
of that Symposium.
The meeting was organized by a Committee consisting of: W.H.W.M.
Boland (Secretary), W.N. Brouw, W.B. Burton, E.P.J. van den Heuvel, H.
van der Laan and H. van Woerden (Chairman). Together, these six persons
represented the Executive Committees of the Netherlands Foundation for
Astronomical Research (ASTRON) and the Netherlands Foundation for Radio
Astronomy (RZM), two organizations in which Blaauw has held key offices.
The scientific program was planned in full consultation with Adri
aan Blaauw himself. Only section 5, "A profile of Adriaan Blaauw", was
kept secret to him. The other four sections: Structure of star-forming
regions, Stellar content of young groups, Evolution of massive stars,
and Extragalactic perspective on star formation, each represent an im
portant aspect of the overall theme of the Symposium. The program in
cluded 6 major review papers, 18 invited papers, 17 contributed papers,
some of which were given as posters, and ample time for discussion.
At the invitation of RZM, the meeting was held at the Dwingeloo
Radio Observatory. Limitations of space restricted the number of parti
cipants to about 80: former colleagues, pupils, collaborators and other
professional friends of Adriaan Blaauw, together with a number of ex
perts in the subjects covered at the Symposium. The beautiful, quiet
location and excellent facilities of the Dwingeloo Radio Observatory,
together with the limited size of the audience and the festive occasion,
provided for lively discussion in a relaxed, congenial atmosphere. These
various factors greatly contributed to the scientific and social success
of the meeting.
The Symposium took place on 24 to 26 September, 1984, after an
informal gathering on Sunday evening, 23 September, at Motel Hoogeveen.
On Monday evening, participants were guests at a reception offered to
Professor Blaauw by ASTRON and the Netherlands Foundation for Radio
Astronomy. After a brief welcome by RZM Chairman van der Laan, Professor
van den Heuvel spoke for the Board of ASTRON, outlining Blaauw's nation-
ix
x FOREWORD
al importance and his outstanding merits as the first - and now retiring
- Chairman of ASTRON. Then Maarten Schmidt recalled forty years of
friendship and collaboration and, on behalf of participants and friends,
presented Blaauw with a portrait painted by Matthijs R·oling (see page
320 of these Proceedings). The Mayor of Norg, Mr. O.G. de Boer, des
cribed Blaauw's merits in astronomy as well as in studies of the history
of Drenthe, and then announced that Her Majesty the Queen had appointed
Adriaan Blaauw Knight of the Order of the Netherlands Lion. - On Tuesday
evening, Atie and Adriaan Blaauw entertained participants at their old
farmhouse in Zuidvelde, which features an interesting collection of old
clocks; and after buffet supper at Hotel Karsten in Norg, the Blaauws
offered a chamber music concert in the ancient church at Norg.
The present Proceedings were edited from (sometimes) camera-ready
manuscripts submitted by participants. Three papers given at the Sympo
sium are unfortunately missing from this volume: "Cometary impacts,
molecular clouds, and the Sun's motion perpendicular to the Galactic
plane" by P. Thaddeus, "IRAS result s on s tar-f orming regions" by B •
Baud, and "Gould's Belt and supershells" by H.F. Weaver (for which an
Abstract only was available). For the poster papers, 2-page Abstracts
are given. The Discussions following most contributions were written up
by participants and speakers, and then edited by us. The papers in
Chapter 5 were not followed by discussion.
We have illustrated this volume with a number of photographs taken
at the Symposium: during the scientific sessions, receptions or meals.
These photographs are due to Harmen Meijer (HM) of Dwingeloo Radio Ob
servatory and to Wim Brokaar (WB) of Leiden Observatory; we are grateful
for their excellent work.
We wish to thank Wim Brouw, Wia Hoogeveen, and Nico de Vries for
the local arrangements; Ina van Esch, Wia Hoogeveen and Jeanet Millenaar
for their work in the Symposium secretariat; and the Dwingeloo staff for
lunches, refreshments and transportation. Various young astronomers from
Groningen helped with projection and discussion recording. In our edi
torial work, we have been ably assisted by Ina van Esch of ASTRON, Ina
Greveling of Dwingeloo, and Joke Nunnink of the Kapteyn Institute at
Groningen.
The meeting was sponsored and supported by ASTRON and RZM. Finan
cial support from the following institutions made it possible to provide
a number of key speakers with travel grants: Astronomical Institute,
University of Amsterdam; Department of Astronomy, University of Gronin
gen; Space Research Laboratory, Groningen; and Leids Kerkhoven-Bosscha
Fonds, Leiden. We gladly acknowledge this support, which was essential
to the success of the Symposium.
Grordngen/Den Haag, July 1985 The Editors:
Hugo van Woerden, Symposium Chairman
Wilfried Boland, Symposium Secretary