Birefringent Thin Films and Polarizing Elements PDF
Preview Birefringent Thin Films and Polarizing Elements
Birefringent Thin Films and Polarizing Elements 2nd Edition p962hc_9781783265350_tp.indd 1 23/6/14 9:36 am May2,2013 14:6 BC:8831-ProbabilityandStatisticalTheory PST˙ws TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk Birefringent Thin Films Polarizing Elements and 2nd Edition Martin W McCall Imperial College London, UK Ian J Hodgkinson University of Otago, New Zealand Qihong Wu Finisar Australia, Australia Imperial College Press ICP p962hc_9781783265350_tp.indd 2 23/6/14 9:36 am Published by Imperial College Press 57 Shelton Street Covent Garden London WC2H 9HE Distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224 USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601 UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. BIREFRINGENT THIN FILMS AND POLARIZING ELEMENTS 2nd Edition Copyright © 2015 by Imperial College Press All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. ISBN 978-1-78326-535-0 Printed in Singapore Catherine - Birefringent Thin Films and.indd 1 29/10/2014 9:19:15 AM October20,2014 16:48 P962-BirefringentThinFilmsandPolarizingElements 9781783265350 pagev To Estralita, Jenny and Qiong Zhu Hu v May2,2013 14:6 BC:8831-ProbabilityandStatisticalTheory PST˙ws TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk October20,2014 16:48 P962-BirefringentThinFilmsandPolarizingElements 9781783265350 pagevii Preface to the Second Edition The second edition of our book has afforded the opportunity for the au- thors, which now includes Martin McCall, to incorporate some significant developments since publication of the first edition. The most significant of these is the progress in both the simulation and experimental fabrication of chiral or handed media based on the progressive rotation of birefrin- gent axes. Moreover,it has been increasinglyappreciatedthatNature has, with millions of years of evolution acting to her advantage, beaten us to it. A number of species of beetle show brilliant iridescence that on closer examination turn out to be one of the few naturally occurring sources of circularly polarized light. The exocuticle of some scarab beetles have an optically chiralarchitecturethatselectivelyreflectslightofthe samehand- edness. A new chapter on Handed Media has been included that discusses someoftherichnano-architecturesthathavebeendevelopedbasedaround such helical media. Although in practice chiral structures occur through successive layer-by-layer rotation of the birefringent axes, considerable in- sightcanbe obtainedby consideringa handedmediumto occurasa result of a continuous rotation of the eigen-axes. Applying this continuum limit to Maxwell’s equations leads to some remarkable analytic techniques that are described in another new chapter, titled Continuum Methods. Chiral media are now embedded in other parts of the text. Chapter 4 includes a description of calculating the characteristic matrix of chi- ral coatings, Chapter 7 includes details on deposition of tilted columnar and normal columnar chiral nano-structures, Chapter 11 shows how to calculated effective (Herpin) indices for chiral media, and Chapter 18 on Coating Architectures considers the experimental monitoring of random chiral media. Another advance covered in the second edition is the invention of serial bideposition asameansofnormalisingcolumnargrowth. Thisresults vii October20,2014 16:48 P962-BirefringentThinFilmsandPolarizingElements 9781783265350 pageviii viii Birefringent Thin Films and Polarizing Elements in enhanced form birefringence, and has increased the breadth of possible structuresthroughprogrammablestepwisesubstraterotationduringdepo- sition. Indeed, many of the artificial chiral media are produced using this technique. TheToolboxhasbeensignificantlyexpandedtoincludeanumberofnew functions to facilitate calculating the response of various structures. The complete set of MATLAB files comprising the Toolbox can be downloaded from http://www.worldscientific.com/r/P962-supp. This will enable the reader to reproduce for him/herself many of the examples covered in the book, to his/her own design endeavours. In preparing this second edition, we have taken the opportunity to re- orderandeditmuchofthematerialofthefirstedition,andtocorrectsome typographicalerrors. ThanksareduetoIanCarterforprovidingthebeetle images for the book cover. October24,2014 10:28 P962-BirefringentThinFilmsandPolarizingElements 9781783265350 pageix Contents Preface to the Second Edition vii List of Figures xix List of Tables xxvii Glossary xxix 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Structural Classification of Crystals . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.2 Optical Classification of Crystals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.3 Structure of Birefringent Films . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.4 Optical Classification of Birefringent Films . . . . . . . . 4 1.5 Layout of the Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Part 1. Propagation in Biaxial Media 9 2. PropagationEquations 11 2.1 Maxwell’s Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.2 Propagationin Free Space. Mathematical Methods . . . . 12 2.2.1 SI units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.3 Propagationin Isotropic Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.4 Propagationin Anisotropic Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2.5 Energy Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2.6 Notation for Biaxial Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2.6.1 Material axes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2.6.2 Propagationaxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 ix
The list of books you might like
