Biotechnologyof Spices, Medicinal • Aromatic Plants

186 Pages·2014·4.24 MB·English

Biotechnologyof
Spices, Medicinal
• Aromatic Plants
Proceedings of the National Seminar on Biotechnology
of Spices and Aromatic Plants.
24 - 25 April 1996, Calicut, India.
-
l
Indian Society for Spices
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Biotechnologyof
Spices, Medicinal
& Aromatic Plants
Proceedings of the National Seminar on Biotechnology
of Spices and Aromatic Plants.
24 - 25 April 1996, Calicut, India.
Edited !Jy
S Edison
KV Ramona
B Sasikumar
K Nirmal Babu
Santhosh J Eapen
Indian Society for Spices
(Indian Institute of .Spices Research)
Calicut -673 012, Kerala, India
Published by
Secretary,
Indian Society for Spices
Calicut -673 012
Kerala, India
Edited by
S. Edison
K.V. Ramana
B. Sasikumar
K. Nirmal Babu
Santhosh J. Eapen
Citation
Edison S, Ramana K V, Sasikumar B, Nirmal Babu K & Santhosh J Eapen (Eds.)
1997. Biotechnology of Spices, Medicinal & Aromatic Plants. Indian Society for
Spices, Calicut, Kerala, India.
October 1997
Printed at
Lucos Offset Prints
Calicut
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GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
li"! DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
~. (~) ~1'11 Slock-2 (7th Floor) eGO Complex
Dr. (Mrs.) Manju Sharma Lodi Road, New Delhi·110003
Foreword
India is the land of spices and the centre of origin of the King of Spices -Black
Pepper and the Queen of Spices- Cardamom. India is a major producer of ginger;
turmeric. seed spices and tree spices. Vanilla, the Princess of Spices, is also gaining
importance in our country. Though most of the spi(_'es produced are consumed do
mestically, a good percentage of the pruduce is also exported. India's export earn
ings from spices alone during 1996-97 was Rs. 1180 croTes.
Though India maintains a prominent place in global spices trade, higher pro
ductivity and low cost of production enable other producing cOllntries to outbid India
in terms of the prices in the international market, particularly in black pepper, carda
mom and ginger. In order to maintain our supremacy in spkes production and aim
to recapture the past glory of India in global spices trade, integrated programmes in
volving high productivity and quality oriented research are the needs of the day. Low
productivity of spices in the country is attributed 10 many factors such as
Phytophthora foot rot disease of black pepper, rhizome rot of ginger, 'Katte' virus dis
ease of cardamom and narrow genetic variability a/tree spices such as nutmeg, clove
and vanilla. Modem biotechnological tools including biocontrol approaches in
conjuction with the conventional techniques of crop improvement, crop production
and protection will go a long way in solving many of the problems of the spices sec
tor. At this juncture, consolidation of our achievements involving biotechnological
(I
approaches in the area of spices will be most appropriate and timely.
This publication, Biotechnology of Spices, Medicinal & Aromatic Plants con
tains the proceedings of the National Seminar on Biotechnology of Spices and Aro
matic Plants organised by the Indian Society for Spices at Calicut during April 24-
25, 1996, fills the gap in this field. I am SlIre fhat this publication will be very useful
to all those involved in spices research and fllrming.
I congratulate the Indian Society for Spices for conducting such a relevant
seminar and bringing out the proceedings in time.
M-i~
2 October 1997 (Manju Sharma)
PREFACE
The Indian Society for Spices is devoted for the advancement of research and
development of spices and related crops. The Society has successfully organised
three national seminars so far with focal themes on Crop Improvement, Crop Protec
tion and Post Harvest Technology of Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants.
Realising the importance and rapid progress made in crop improvement, ·crop
protection through biotechnological approaches in several crops, the Indian Society
for Spices organised a National Seminar on Biotechnology of Spices and Aromatic
Plants during 24-25 April, 1996 at Cabcut, Kerala in collaooration with Indian Insti
tute of Spices Research, Calicut.
This pubbcation "Biotechnology of Spices, Medicinal & Aromatic Plants" is
the proceedings of this National Seminar. A total of 43 papers were presented cover
ing spices, medicinal and aromatic crops under four technical sessions. A few papers
presented in the seminar could not be included in this proceedings as we couid not
receive the full text of these papers.
The editors are grateful to Dr. (Mrs.) Manju Sharma, Secretary, Department of
Biotechnology, Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India for giving
the 'Foreword' for this publication. The editors are highly grateful to Dr. K. V. Peter,
President, Indian Society for Spices and Director, Indian Institute of Spices Research,
Calicut for his support and encouragement. The Indian Society for Spices gratefully
acknowledge the financial assistance given by Spices Board, Cochin in publishing
this proceedings. The editors express their appreciation to MIs Lucas Offset Prints,
Calicut for bringing out the proceedings in attractive form.
-Editors
CONTENTS
1. Tissue culture and in vitro conservation of spices -an overview 1-12
P N Ravindran, J Rema, K Nirmal Babu & K V Peter
2. In vitro propagation of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) 13-15
P Rajasekaran & P Mohan Kumar
3. In vitro responses of Piper species on activated charcoal 16-19
supplemented media
K Madhusudhanan & B A Rahiman
4. Micropropagation of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) 20-24
-interaction of growth regulators and culture conditions
S K Palai, G R Rout & P Das
5. Micropropagation of turmeric (Curcuma tonga L.) 25-28
by in vitro microrruzomes
V Raghu Rajan
In vitro shoot initiation from explants offield grown trees 29-34
of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.)
V K Mallika, K Rekha, Marymol Manattu, M Manjula &
R Vikraman Nair
y17.
Micropropagation of Cinnamomum verum (Bercht & Presl.) 35-38
Mini P Mathai, John C Zechariah, K Samsudeen, J Rema,
K Nirmal Babu & P N Ravindran
/so
Tissue culture studies on tree spices 39-44
Y S Rao, K Mary Mathew, K Pradip Kumar, Salykutty Joseph,
R Laxmanan, K J Madhusoodhanan & .<; N Potty
9. In vitro studies in cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) 45-48
M R Shukla, N Subhash, DR Patel & S A Patel
10. In vitro responses of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) 49-50
E V D Sastry, Sanjeev Agrawal, Brajendra Kumar & R K Sharma
11. Rapid in vitro multiplication of Eryngium foetidum L., an 51-55
aromatic spice through shoot multiplication and organogenesis
Benny Daniel, Beulah Simpson, Beena Lawrence & G M Nair
ii
12. Propagation of Pogoestemon patchouli Hook through tissue culture. 56-59
G Baskar Rajan & Arumugam Shakila
13. Growth and regeneration ofvetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash) 60-64
callus tissue under varied nutritional status
R Keshavachandran & Md Abdul Khader
14.p" Production of synthetic seeds in few spices crops 65-69
" A Sajina, D Minoa, S P Geetha, K Samsudeen, J Rema,
K Nirmal Babu & P N Ravindran
15. Micropropagation of Ruta graveolens L. through organogenesis 70-78
and somatic embryogenesis
Shaji John, C G Issac & G M Nair
16. Micropropagation of some important herbal spices 79-86
A Sajina, S P Geetha, D Minoa, J Rema, K Nirmal Babu,
A K Sadanandan & P N Ravindran
17. Induction of Phytophthora foot rot tolerance in black pepper 87-93
through in vitro culture system
P A Nazeem, P Raji, Sherly Scaria, Lissamma Joseph & E V Nybe
18. Micropropagation and genetic fidelity studies in Piper longum L. 94-97
Ajit Anand, M Parani, C S Rao, R Latha & P Balakrishna
19;,(Variability in the tissue cultured cardamom plants 98-101
M R sudharshan, S Sreekrishna Bhat & M Narayanaswamy
20.1 Preliminary yield trial of tissue cultured cardamom selections 102-105
H M Chandrappa, Y G Shadakshari, M R Sudharshan & B Raju
21. In vitro seed set and seed development in ginger, 106-108
"'~ingiber officinale Rosc.
P A Valsala, G Sreekandan Nair & P A Nazeem
22. Anther callus from diploid and tetraploid ginger 109-111
(Zingiber officinale Rosc.)
K Samsudeen, K Nirmal Babu & P N Ravindran
23. Ovule culture of vanilla and its potential in crop improvement 112-118
Minoo Divakaran, A Sajina, K Nirmal Babu & P N Ravindran
24. In vitro selection for salt tolerance in Trigonella foenum graceum 119-121
using callus and shoot tip cultures
A Settu, B D Ranjitha Kumari & R Jeya Mary
25. Screening for drought tolerance in corainder through tissue culture 122-125
R. Stephen, R Jeya Mary & N Jayabalan
26. In vitro selection for resistance to Alternaria blight in cumin 126-128
(Cuminum cyminum L.)
M R Shukla, N Sub hash, DR Patel & S A Patel
iii
27. Evaluation of Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates for control of 129-133
Meloidogyne incognita in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.)
Santhosh J Eapen, K V Ramana & Y R Sarma
28. Repellent and insecticidal properties of Piper retrofractum against 134-138
insect pests of crops and stored gain
A K Tripathi, Srikant Sharma & Sushil Kumar
29. Mode of action of Trichoderma and Gliocladium on 139-145
Pythium aphanidermatum
N M Usman, P Balakrishnan & Y R Sarma
30. Management of rhizome rot of ginger by fungal antagonists 146-149
P Balakrishnan, N M Usman & Y R Sarma
31. Compatibility of potassium phosphonate (Akomin -40) with 150-155
different species of Trichoderma and Gliocladium virens
P P Rajan & Y R Sarma
32. Biotechnological approaches for production of saffron and 156-165
capsaicin -a perspective
L V Venkataraman & G A Ravishankar
33. Mass propagation of Artemisia annua plantlets in bioreactor and 166-173
production of terpenoids
Devanand P Fulzele & P S Rao
Author index 174
•

Biotechnology of Spices, Medicinal &
Aromatic Plants, pp. 01-12, 1997
Tissue culture and in vitro conservation of spices -
an overview
PNRAVINDRAN,J REMA, KNIRMALBABU & KVPETER
Indian Institute of Spices Research,
Marikunnu P 0, Calicut , 673 012, Kerala
Abstract
Crop improvement in majority of spice crops is a difficult and time
consuming programme due to long pre bearing age and other crop
specific problems. Biotechnology offers an alternative to conventional
crop improvement in spices. This paper reviews the present status of
biotechnology of spices with emphasis on the work done in India on
micropropagation and rapid clonal multiplication of high yielding
'elite' genotypes to generate good quality planting material; exploiting
somaclonal variation and genetic engineering techniq"..,s for -crop
improvement; in. vitro selection for resistance to _b iolic ;, nd abiotic
stresses; in vitro conservation and safe exchange of germl'ldsm and
production of flavour and volatile constituents in tissue culture.
Key words: biotechnology, in vitro conservation, spices, tissue culture.
Introduction tion and genetic engineering techniques
for crop improvement; in vitro selection
The productivity of many of spice crops
for resistance to biotic and abiotic
is considerably low due to various fac
stresHPs; in vitro conservation and safe
tors such as inadequate availability of
exchange of germplasm and production
high yielding varieties, absence of geno
of flavour and volatile constituents in
types resistant to pests and diseases
culture.
and absence of variability in many of
the introduced crops. Biotechnology This papc'r reviews the present status
with its apparently tmlimited potential of bi0technology of spices with empha
offers new and exciting opportunities to sis on the work done in India.
address the above crop specific prob
Cardamom
lems. Some of the important applica
tions of biotechnology in spices are; 'Katte' disease .:aUHen by virus ~p- one of
micropropagation and rapid clonal mul the major productii.'ll eon~rtraints in car
tiplication of high yielding 'elite' gpno damolfl_ Uti1i~atii)n of -\l'ims-free plant
'al',
types to generate good q,,-ality planting ing mat. . r cll1l8ider'od th~ most im
material; exploiting somaclonal varia- portuL.;: input in disease luanagernent