Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals Held May 5–9, 1996, at Gatlinburg, Tennessee

873 Pages·1997·23.189 MB·English

by  Mark T. Holtzapple, Robert Torget (auth.), Brian H. Davison, Charles E. Wyman, Mark Finkelstein (eds.)

Biotech nology
for Fuels and Chemicals
Proceedings of the Eighteenth Symposium
on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals
Held May 5-9, 1996, at Gatlinburg, Tennessee
Sponsored by
U. S. Department of Energy's Biofuels Energy Systems Division
and the Biological and Chemical Technology Research Program (DOE)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Idaho National Laboratory
Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc.
A. E. Staley Manufacturing Company
Archer Daniels Midland Company
Bio-Technical Resources, L. P.
Chronopol, Inc.
ConAgra Grain Processing Companies
Enzyme Bio-Systems, Ltd.
E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and Company
Grain Processing Corporation
Raphael Katzen Associates International, Inc.
Weyerhaeuser Company
American Chemical Society's Division of Biochemical Technology
Editors
Brian H. Davison
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Charles E. Wyman
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Mark Finkelstein
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
*-
Humana Press • Totowa, New Jersey
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
Volumes 63-65, Complete, Spring 1997
Copyright ©1997 Humana Press Inc.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1997
All Rights Reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any
information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the
copyright owner.
ISBN-13:978-1-4612-7497-1 e-ISBN-13:978-1-4612-2312-2
DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4612-2312-2
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology is abstracted or indexed regularly
in Chemical Abstracts, Biological Abstracts, Current Contents, Science Citation Index,
Excerpta Medica, Index Medicus, and appropriate related compendia.
Introduction
H.
BRIAN DAVISON
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
MARK FINKELSTEIN
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
E.
CHARLES WYMAN
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
The Eighteenth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemi
cals continues to provide a forum for the presentation of research results
and the exchange of ideas on advances in biotechnology for the produc
tion of fuels and chemicals. Although the emphasis is on utilization of
renewable resources, the scope of the Symposium is broader than this
and includes bioconversion of fossil fuels and syngas and the new area
of conversions in nonaqueous environments; these areas were discussed
in Session 5 and in a Special Topic Discussion Group at the Symposium.
In addition, recent developments in bioremediation were well represented
in Session 6 and in the poster session.
The Symposium involved both the development of new biological
agents (such as enzymes or microbes) to carry out targeted conversions
as well as bioprocess development. The first area covered improvements
in enzymes as well as fundamental insights into substrate-enzyme inter
actions and photosynthesis. The latter area focused on converting one
material into another using biological agents through combinations of
chemical engineering, biological sciences, and fermentation technology.
This area also refers to an overall processing involving at least one bio
logically catalyzed step in combination with other physical and/ or chemi
cal processing operations. Agricultural crops, such as corn and corn fiber
as well as woody biomass and lignocellulosic wastes, are emphasized for
process feedstocks and their pretreatment investigated.
This area is gaining increased interest as some processes are moving
to commercialization. Along with continuing advances in ethanol pro
duction, both from corn and from lignocellulosics, technology for lactic
acid production by fermentation processes is being improved and com
mercialized. Papers were also presented on other potential products
including fumaric acid, succinic acid, methane, enzymes, glucuronic acid,
III
Introduction
IV
and biodiesel. Industrial issues and needs for commercialization were
addressed in a new Session 4 that proved exciting, provocative, and well
attended. The International Energy Agency cosponsored a special dis
cussion on "Techno economic Modeling of Lignocellulosic Conversion to
Ethanol" during the meeting.
The papers in this volume were drawn from the 37 oral and 103 poster
presentations made to the approximately 180 attendees in Gatlinburg,
TN. Overall, we believe the Eighteenth Symposium continued the tradi
tion established by its founder, Charles D. Scott, of providing both tech
nical and informal interactions between representatives of industry,
academia, and the government research laboratories during the sessions,
banquets, and tours, including a tour of Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
The Eighteenth Symposium was sponsored by the U. S. Department of
Energy's Biofuels Energy Systems Division and the Biological and Chemi
cal Technology Research Program (DOE), Oak Ridge National Labora
tory, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Idaho National Laboratory,
Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc., A. E. Staley Manufacturing Com
pany, Archer Daniels Midland Company, Bio-Technical Resources, L. P.,
Chronopol, Inc., ConAgra Grain Processing Companies, Enzyme Bio
Systems, Ltd., E. 1. DuPont de Nemours and Company, Grain Processing
Corporation, Raphael Katzen Associates International, Inc., Weyerhauser
Company, American Chemical Society's Division of Biochemical Tech
nology.
Organization of the Symposium was as follows:
Organizing Committee
Brian H. Davison, Cochairman, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Charles E. Wyman, Chairman, National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Bill Apel, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory
Rakesh Bajpai, University of Missouri-Columbia
David Boron, U. S. Department of Energy
Ting Carlson, Cargill, Inc.
James A. Doncheck, Bio-Technical Resources, L. P.
Mark Finkelstein, National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Donald L. Johnson, Grain Processing Corporation
Raphael Katzen, Raphael Katzen Associates International, Inc.
Lee R. Lynd, Dartmouth College
Valerie Sarisky-Reed, U. S. Department of Energy
Jonathan Woodward, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Session Chairpersons and Cochairpersons
Session 1: Thermal, Chemical, and Biological Processing
Mark T. Holtzapple, Texas A&M University
Robert Torget, National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Introduction v
Session 2: Applied Biological Research
Valerie Sarisky-Reed, U. S. Department of Energy
Jonathan Woodward, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Session 3: Bioprocessing Research
Robert R. Dorsch, DuPont
Christos Hatzis, National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Session 4: Industrial Needs for Commercialization
Dale Monceaux, Raphael Katzen Associates International, Inc.
James L. Gaddy, Bioengineering Resources, Inc.
Session 5: Emerging Topics in Industrial Biotechnology
Bruce Dale, Michigan State University
Eric Kaufman, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Session 6: Environmental Biotechnology
Mary Jim Beck, Tennessee Valley Authority
Joni M. Barnes, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory
Acknowledgments
The able assistance of Anne Greenbaum as Symposium Secretary,
assisted by Lois Hamm, Marsha Savage, Liz Willson, Joan Taylor, and
Norma Caldwell. Liz Willson and Renae Humphrey assisted with the
proceedings.
Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by Lockheed Martin Energy
Systems, Inc., for the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-
960R22464.
National Renewable Energy Laboratory is managed by the Midwest
Research Institute, for the US Department of Energy under contract AC36-
83CH190093.
"The submitted manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the
US Government under contract DE-AC05-960R22464. Accordingly, the
US Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or
reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do
so, for US Government purposes."
Other Proceedings in This Series
1. "Proceedings of the First Symposium on Biotechnology in Energy Production
and Conservation" (1978), Biotechnol. Bioeng. Symp. 8.
2. "Proceedings of the Second Symposium on Biotechnology in Energy Produc
tion and Conservation" (1980), Biotechnol. Bioeng. Symp. 10.
3. "Proceedings of the Third Symposium on Biotechnology in Energy Production
and Conservation" (1981), Biotechnol. Bioeng. Symp. 11.
4. "Proceedings of the Fourth Symposium on Biotechnology in Energy Produc
tion and Conservation" (1982), Biotechnol. Bioeng. Symp. 12.
5. "Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemi
cals" (1983), Biotechnol. Bioeng. Symp. 13.
Introduction
VI
6. "Proceedings of the Sixth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals"
(1984), Biotechnol. Bioeng. Symp. 14.
7. "Proceedings of the Seventh Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemi
cals" (1985), Biotechnol. Bioeng. Symp. 15.
8. "Proceedings of the Eighth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals"
(1986), Biotechnol. Bioeng. Symp. 17.
9. "Proceedings of the Ninth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals"
(1988), Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 17,18.
10. "Proceedings of the Tenth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals"
(1989), Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 20,21.
11. "Proceedings of the Eleventh Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemi
cals" (1990), Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 24,25.
12. "Proceedings of the Twelfth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemi
cals" (1991), Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 28,29.
13. "Proceedings of the Thirteenth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemi
cals" (1992), Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 34,35.
14. "Proceedings of the Fourteenth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemi
cals" (1993), Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 39,40.
15. "Proceedings of the Fifteenth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemi
cals" (1994), Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 45,46.
16. "Proceedings of the Sixteenth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemi
cals" (1995), Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 51/52.
17. "Proceedings of the Seventeenth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemi-
cals" (1996), Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 57/58.
This symposium has been held annually since 1978. We are pleased to have
the proceedings of the Eighteenth Symposium currently published in this spe
cial issue to continue the tradition of providing a record of the contributions
made.
The Nineteenth Symposium is planned for May 4-8, 1997 in Colorado
Springs, Colorado and the Twentieth Symposium is planned for May 3-7, 1998
in Gatlinburg, Tennessee. We encourage comments or discussions relevant to
the format or content of these meetings.
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology Vols. 63-65, Spring 1997
CONTENTS
Introduction
Brian H. Davison, Charles E. Wyman, and Mark Finkelstein .................... iii
SESSION I-THERMAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING
Introduction to Session 1
Mark T. Holtzapple and Robert Torget ............................................................. 1
Lime Pretreatment of Switchgrass
Vincent S. Chang, Barry Burr, and Mark T. Holtzapple* .............................. 3
Ammonia Recycled Percolation as a Complementary Pretreatment
to the Dilute-Acid Process
Zhangwen Wu and Y. Y. Lee* ............................................................................. 21
Preliminary Study of the Pyrolysis of Steam Classified Municipal Solid Waste
John M. Sebghati and Michael H. Eley* .......................................................... 35
Two-Phase Model of Hydrolysis Kinetics and Its Applications
to Anaerobic Degradation of Particulate Organic Matter
Vasily A. Vavilin,* Sergei V. Rytov, and Ljudmila Ya. Lokshina ............... .45
Preprocessed Barley, Rye, and Triticale as a Feedstock for an Integrated
Fuel Ethanol-Feedlot Plant
Krystyna Sosulski, * Sunmin Wang, W. M. Ingledew, Frank W. Sosulski,
and Juming Tang .............................................................................................. 59
SESSION 2-BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
Introd uction to Session 2
Valerie Sarisky-Reed and Jonathan Woodward ............................................ 71
A Stable Lipase from Candida lipolytica: Cultivation Conditions
and Crude Enzyme Characteristics
Fatima Ventura Pereira-Meirelles, Maria Helena Miguez Rocha-Leao,
and Geraldo Lippel Sant' Anna, Jr. * .............................................................. 73
Glucoamylase Isoenzymes Tailoring Through Medium Composition
Jose G. Silva, Jr., Hilton J. Nascimento, Valiria F. Soares,
and Elba P. S. Bon* .......................................................................................... 87
Regulation of Phosphotransferases in Glucose-and Xylose-Fermenting Yeasts
Vina W. Yang and Thomas W. Jeffries* ........................................................... 97
Diminished Respirative Growth and Enhanced Assimilative Sugar
Uptake Result in Higher Specific Fermentation Rates by the Mutant
Pichia stipitis FPL-061
Hassan K. Sreenath and Thomas W. Jeffries* .............................................. 109
*For papers with multiple authorship, the asterisk identifies the author to whom correspon
dence and reprint requests should be addressed.
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology Vols. 63-65, Spring 1997
Production of Xylitol from D-Xylose by Debaryomyces hansenii
Jose M. Dominguez, * Cheng S. Gong, and George T. Tsao ........................ 117
Production of 2,3-Butanediol from Pretreated Corn Cob by Klebsiella
oxytoca in the Presence of Fungal Cellulase
Ningjun Cao, * Youkun Xia, Cheng S. Gong, and George T. Tsao ............. 129
Oxygen Sensitivity of Algal H -Production
2
Maria L. Ghirardi, * Robert K. Togasaki, and Michael Seibert ................ 141
Expression of Ascaris suum Malic Enzyme in a Mutant Escherichia coli
Allows Production of Succinic Acid from Glucose
Lucy Stols, Gopal Kulkarni, Ben G. Harris, and Mark 1. Donnelly* ........... 153
Reaction Engineering Aspects of a-l,4-D-Glucan Phosphorylase Catalysis:
Comparison of Plant and Bacterial Enzymes for the Continuous Synthesis
of D-Glucose-l-Phosphate
Bernd Nidetzky, * Richard Griessler, Andreas Weinhiiusel,
Dietmar Haltrich, and Klaus D. Kulbe ...................................................... 159
Simultaneous Enzymatic Synthesis of Gluconic Acid and Sorbitol:
Production, Purification, and Application of Glucose-Fructose
Oxidoreductase and Gluconolactonase
Bernd Nidetzky, * Monika Fiirlinger, Dorothee Gollhofer,
Iris Haug, Dietmar Haltrich, and Klaus D. Kulbe .................................. 173
Production of Hemicellulose- and Cellulose-Degrading Enzymes
by Various Strains of Sclerotium Rolfsii
Alois Sachs lehner, Dietmar Haltrich, * Bernd Nidetzky,
and Klaus D. Kulbe ........................................................................................ 189
Asparaginase II of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: GLN3jURE2 Regulation
of a Periplasmic Enzyme
Elba P. S. Bon, * Elvira Carvajal, Mike Stanbrough, Donald Rowen,
and Boris Magasanik .................................................................................... 203
Production of a-Terpineol from Escherichia coli Cells Expressing
Thermostable Limonene Hydratase
Natarajan Savithiry, Tae Kyou Cheong, and Patrick Oriel* .................... 213
Fermentation of Biomass-Derived Glucuronic Acid by pet Expressing
Recombinants of E. coli B
Hugh G. Lawford* and Joyce D. Rousseau ................................................... 221
Enhanced Cofermentation of Glucose and Xylose by Recombinant
Saccharomyces Yeast Strains in Batch and Continuous Operating Modes
Susan T. Toon, George P. Philippidis, Nancy W. Y. Ho,
ZhengDao Chen, Adam Brainard, Robert E. Lumpkin,
and Cynthia J. Riley* .................................................................................... 243
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology Vols. 63-65, Spring 1997
Stabilization and Reutilization of Bacillus megaterium Glucose
Dehydrogenase by Immobilization
Madalena Baron, * Jose D. Fontana, Manoel F. Guimariies,
and Jonathan Woodward ............................................................................. 257
Optimization of Seed Production for a Simultaneous Saccharification
Cofermentation Biomass-to-Ethanol Process Using Recombinant
Zymomonas
Hugh G. Lawford, * Joyce D. Rousseau, and James D. McMillan ............ 269
Corn Steep Liquor as a Cost-Effective Nutrition Adjunct
in High-Performance Zymomonas Ethanol Fermentations
Hugh G. Lawford* and Joyce D. Rousseau ................................................... 287
Astaxanthinogenesis in the Yeast Phaffia rhodozyma: Optimization
of Low-Cost Culture Media and Yeast Cell-Wall Lysis
Jose D. Fontana, * Miriam B. Chocial, Madalena Baron,
Manoel F. Guimaraes, Marcelo Maraschin, Cirano Ulhoa,
Jose A. Florencio, and Tania M. B. Bonfim .............................................. 305
Polysaccharide Hydrolase Folds Diversity of Structure and Convergence
of Function
Michael E. Himmel,* P. Andrew Karplus, Joshua Sakon,
William S. Adney, John O. Baker, and Steven R. Thomas .................... 315
Acetobacter Cellulosic Biofilms Search for New Modulators
of Cellulogenesis and Native Membrane Treatments
Jose D. Fontana, * Cassandra G. Joerke, Madalena Baron,
Marcelo Maraschin, Antonio G. Ferreira, Iris Torriani,
A. M. Souza, Marisa B. Soares, Milene A. Fontana,
and Manoel F. Guimaraes ............................................................................ 327
Experimental Data Analysis: An Algorithm for Determining Rates
and Smoothing Data
K. Thomas Klasson ............................................................................................ 339
SESSION 3-BIOPROCESSING RESEARCH
Introduction to Session 3
Robert R. Dorsch and Christos Hatzis .......................................................... 349
Cellulase Production Based on Hemicellulose Hydrolysate
from Steam-Pretreated Willow
Zsolt Szengyel, * Guido Zacchi, and Kati Reczey ........................................ 351
Effect of Impeller Geometry on Gas-Liquid Mass Transfer Coefficients
in Filamentous Suspensions
Sundeep N. Dronawat, C. Kurt Svihla, and Thomas R. Hanley* ............. 363
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology Vois. 63-65, Spring 1997
Measurement of the Steady-State Shear Characteristics of Filamentous
Suspensions Using Turbine, Vane, and Helical Impellers
C. Kurt Svihla, Sundeep N. Dronawat, Jennifer A. Donnelly,
Thomas C. Rieth, and Thomas R. Hanley* ............................................... 375
Production of Fumaric Acid by Immobilized Rhizopus Using Rotary
Biofilm Contactor
Ningjun Cao, * Jianxin Du, Cheeshan S. Chen, Cheng S. Gong,
and George T. Tsao ........................................................................................ 387
The Effect of Pectinase on the Bubble Fractionation of Invertase
from a-Amylase
Veara Loha, Robert D. Tanner, * and Ales Prokop ...................................... 395
Lipase Production by Penicillium restrictum in a Bench-Scale Fermenter:
Effect of Carbon and Nitrogen Nutrition, Agitation, and Aeration
Denise M. Freire, Elaine M. F. Teles, Elba P. S. Bon,
and Geraldo Lippel Sant' Anna, Jr. * .......................................................... 409
Potassium Acetate by Fermentation with Clostridium thermoaceticum
Minish M. Shah, Fola Akanbi, and Munir Cheryan* .................................. 423
Membrane-Mediated Extractive Fermentation for Lactic Acid
Production from Cellulosic Biomass
Rongfu Chen and Y. Y. Lee* .............................................................................. 435
Enzyme-Supported Oil Extraction from Jatropha curcas Seeds
Elisabeth Winkler, * Nikolaus Foidl, Georg M. Giibitz,
Ruth Staubmann, and Walter Steiner ........................................................ 449
Biogas Production from Jatropha curcas Press-Cake
Ruth Staubmann, * Gabriele Foidl, Nikolaus Foidl, Georg M. Giibitz,
Robert M. Lafferty, Victoria M. Valencia Arbizu,
and Walter Steiner ......................................................................................... 457
Evaluation of PTMSP Membranes in Achieving Enhanced Ethanol
Removal from Fermentations by Pervaporation
Sherry L. Schmidt, Michele D. Myers, Stephen S. Kelley,
James D. McMillan, and Nandan Padukone* .......................................... 469
Performance of Coimmobilized Yeast and Amyloglucosidase
in a Fluidized Bed Reactor for Fuel Ethanol Production
May Y. Sun, Paul R. Bienkowski, Brian H. Davison,
Merry A. Spurrier, and Oren F. Webb* ...................................................... 483
A Mathematical Model of Ethanol Fermentation from Cheese Whey:
I: Model Development and Parameter Estimation
Chen-Jen Wang and Rakesh K. Bajpai* ......................................................... 495