Biotechnology: Environmental Processes II, Volume 11b, Second Edition, Second Edition PDF
Preview Biotechnology: Environmental Processes II, Volume 11b, Second Edition, Second Edition
Biotechnology Second Edition Volume llb Environmental Processes I1 6B W ILEY-VCH Biotechnology Second Edition Fundamentals Special Topics Volume 1 Volume 9 Biological Fundamentals Enzymes, Biomass, Food and Feed Volume 2 Volume 10 Genetic Fundamentals and Special Processes Genetic Engineering Volumes 1la-c Volume 3 Environmental Processes 1-111 Bioprocessing Volume 12 Volume 4 Legal, Economic and Measuring, Modelling and Control Ethical Dimensions Products Volume 5a Recombinant Proteins, Monoclonal Antibodies and Therapeutic Genes Volume 5b Genomics Volume 6 Products of Primary Metabolism Volume 7 Products of Secondary Metabolism Volumes 8a and b Biotransformations I and I1 All volumes are also displayed on our Biotech Website: http://www.wiley-vch.de/home/biotech A Multi-Volume Comprehensive Treatise Biotechnology Second, Completely Revised Edition Edited by H.-J. Rehm and G. Reed in cooperation with A. Puhler and P. Stadler Volume llb Environmental Processes I1 Soil Decontamination Edited by J. Klein @3 WILEYVCH Weinheim . New York . Chichester . Brisbane . Singapore . Toronto Series Editors: Volume Editor: Prof. Dr. H.-J. Rehm Dr. G. Reed Prof. Dr. J. Klein Institut fur Mikrobiologie 1029 N. Jackson St. #501-A DMT-Gesellschaft fur Universitat Munster Milwaukee, WI 53202-3226 Forschung und Priifung GmbH CorrensstraBe 3 USA Franz-Fischer-Weg 61 D-48149 Munster Postfach 69 80 FRG D-45307 Essen FRG Prof. Dr. A. Puhler Prof. Dr. P. I W. Stadler Biologie VI (Genetik) Artemis Pharmaceuticals Universitat Bielefeld Geschaftsfuhrung P.O. Box 100131 Pharmazentrum Koln D-33501 Bielefeld Neurather Ring FRG D-51063 Koln FRG This book was carefully produced. Nevertheless, authors, editors and publisher do not warrant the information contained therein to be free of errors. Readers are advised to keep in mind that statements, data, illustrations, procedural details or other items may inadvertently be inaccurate. Library of Congress Card No.: applied for British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data: A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme A catalogue record for this book is available from Der Deutschen Bibliothek ISBN 3-527-28323-4 0 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH, D-69469 Weinheim (Federal Republic of Germany), 2000 Printed on acid-free and chlorine-free paper. All rights reserved (including those of translation into other languages). No part of this book may be reproduced in any form - by photoprinting, microfilm, or any other means - nor transmitted or translated into a machine language without written permission from the publishers. Registered names, trademarks, etc. used in this book, even when not specifi- cally marked as such, are not to be considered unprotected by law. Composition and Printing: Zechnersche Buchdruckerei, D-67330 Speyer. Bookbinding: J. Schaffer, D-67269 Griinstadt. Printed in the Federal Republic of Germany Preface In recognition of the enormous advances in series. Its members Come from key institu- biotechnology in recent years, we are pleased tions representing scientific input from about to present this Second Edition of “Biotech- twenty countries. nology” relatively soon after the introduction The volume editors and the authors of the of the First Edition of this multi-volume com- individual chapters have been chosen for prehensive treatise. Since this series was ex- their recognized expertise and their contribu- tremely well accepted by the scientific com- tions to the various fields of biotechnology. munity, we have maintained the overall goal Their willingness to impart this knowledge to of creating a number of volumes, each de- their colleagues forms the basis of “Biotech- voted to a certain topic, which provide scien- nology” and is gratefully acknowledged. tists in academia, industry, and public institu- Moreover, this work could not have been tions with a well-balanced and comprehensive brought to fruition without the foresight and overview of this growing field. We have fully the constant and diligent support of the pub- revised the Second Edition and expanded it lisher. We are grateful to VCH for publishing from ten to twelve volumes in order to take “Biotechnology” with their customary excel- all recent developments into account. lence. Special thanks are due to Dr. Hans- These twelve volumes are organized into Joachim Kraus and Karin Dembowsky, with- three sections. The first four volumes consid- out whose constant efforts the series could er the fundamentals of biotechnology from not be published. Finally, the editors wish to biological, biochemical, molecular biological, thank the members of the Scientific Advisory and chemical engineering perspectives. The Board for their encouragement, their helpful next four volumes are devoted to products of suggestions, and their constructive criticism. industrial relevance. Special attention is given here to products derived from genetically en- H.-J. Rehm gineered microorganisms and mammalian G. Reed cells. The last four volumes are dedicated to A. Puhler the description of special topics. P. Stadler The new “Biotechnology” is a reference work, a comprehensive description of the state-of-the-art, and a guide to the original literature. It is specifically directed to micro- biologists, biochemists, molecular biologists, bioengineers, chemical engineers, and food and pharmaceutical chemists working in indus- try, at universities or at public institutions. A carefully selected and distinguished Scientific Advisory Board stands behind the Scientific Advisory Board Pro$ Dr. M. J. Beker Prof Dr. I. Goldberg August Kirchenstein Institute of Microbiology Department of Applied Microbiology Latvian Academy of Sciences The Hebrew University Riga, Latvia Jerusalem, Israel Pro$ Dr. C. L. Cooney Pro$ Dr. G. Gomu Department of Chemical Engineering DCpartement de GCnie Biochimique et Massachusetts Institute of Technology Alimentaire Cambridge, MA, USA Institut National des Sciences Appliqukes Toulouse, France Pro$ Dr. H. W Doelle Sir D. A. Hopwood Department of Microbiology Department of Genetics University of Queensland John Innes Institute St. Lucia, Australia Nonvich, UK Pro$ Dr. J. Drews Pro$ Dr. E. H. Houwink F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG Organon International bv Basel, Switzerland Scientific Development Group Oss, The Netherlands Pro$ Dr. A. Fiechter Pro$ Dr. A. E. Humphrey Institut fur Biotechnologie Center for Molecular Bioscience and Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Biotechnology Zurich, Switzerland Lehigh University Bethlehem, PA, USA Pro$ Dr. ?: K. Ghose Pro$ Dr. I. Kurube Biochemical Engineering Research Centre Research Center for Advanced Science Indian Institute of Technology and Technology New Delhi, India University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan VIII Scientific Advisory Board Prof Dr. M.A . Lachance Prof Dr. K. Schugerl Department of Plant Sciences Institut fur Technische Chemie University of Western Ontario Universitat Hannover London, Ontario, Canada Hannover, Germany Prof Dr. Y Liu Prof Dr. f? Sensi China National Center for Biotechnology Chair of Fermentation Chemistry Development and Industrial Microbiology Beijing, China Lepetit Research Center Gerenzano, Italy Prof Dr. J. E Martin Prof Dr. Y H. Tan Department of Microbiology Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology University of Leon National University of Singapore Lebn, Spain Singapore Prof Dr. B. Mattiasson Prof Dr. D. Thomas Department of Biotechnology Laboratoire de Technologie Enzymatique Chemical Center UniversitC de Compiegne University of Lund Compikgne, France Lund, Sweden Prof Dr. M. Roehr Prof Dr. W Verstraete Institut fur Biochemische Technologie Laboratory of Microbial Ecology und Mikrobiologie Rijksuniversiteit Gent Technische Universitat Wien Gent, Belgium Wen, Austria Prof Dr. H. Sahm Prof Dr. E. - L. Winnacker Institut fur Biotechnologie Institut fur Biochemie Forschungszentrum Julich Universitat Miinchen Julich, Germany Munchen, Germany Contributors Dr. Alan J. M. Baker Dr. rer. nat. Helmut Dorr Deptartment of Animal and Plant Sciences Arcadis Trischler & Partner GmbH University of Sheffield Berliner Allee 6 Western Bank D-64295 Darmstadt Sheffield, S10 2TN Germany UK Chapter 15 Chapter 17 Prof. Dr. Karl-Heinz Blotevogel Dr. James P. Easter Fachbereich Biologie/Mikrobiologie Center for Environmental Biotechnology Universitat Oldenburg University of Tennessee Postfach 2503 676 Dabney Hall D-26111 Oldenburg Knoxville, TN 37996 Germany USA Chapter11 Chapters 20,21 Prof. Dr. Wilhelm G. Coldewey Dr. Adolf Eisentrager Universitat Munster Institut fur Hygiene und Umweltmedizin Corrensstrafle 3 RWTH Aachen D-48149 Miinster Pauwelstr. 30 Germany D-52057 Aachen Chapter 2 Germany Chapter 5 Dr. Mary F. DeFlaun Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Fritsche Envirogen, Inc. Institut fur Mikrobiologie 41 000 Quakerbridge Road Universitat Jena Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 Philosophenweg 12 USA D-07743 Jena Chapter 18 Germany Chapter 6 X Contributors Dr. Thomas Gorontzy Prof. Dr. Dick B. Janssen Fachbereich BiologielMikrobiologie University of Groningen Universitat Oldenburg Nijenborgh 4 Postfach 2503 NL-9747 AG Groningen D-26111 Oldenburg The Netherlands Germany Chapter 8 Chapter 11 Dr. Thomas Held Dr. Matthias Kastner Arcadis Trischler & Partner GmbH UFZ - Umweltforschungszentrum Halle- Berliner Allee 6 Leipzig D-64295 Darmstadt Sektion Sanierungsforschung Germany Permoserstr. 15 Chapter 15 D-04318 Leipzig Germany Chapters 4, 9 Dr. Martin Hofrichter Prof. Dr. Jiirgen Klein Institut fur Mikrobiologie DMT-Gesellschaft fur Universitat Jena Forschung und Prufung GmbH Philosophenweg 12 Franz-Fischer-Weg 61 D-07743 Jena D-45307 Essen Germany Germany Chapter 6 Chapter 22 Dr. Kerstin Hund Dr. Ren6 H. Kleijntjens FH-Institut fur Umweltchemie Partners in Milieutechnik b.v. D-57392 Schmallenberg-Grafschaft Mercuriusweg 4 Germany NL-2516 AW’s-Gravenhage Chapter 5 The Netherlands Chapter 14 Dr.-Ing. Karsten Hupe Dr. Christoph Klinger Arbeitsbereich Abfallwirtschaft DMT-Gesellschaft fur Forschung und TU Hamburg-Harburg Geschaftsbereich GUC Harburger SchloBstr. 37 Am Technologiepark 1 D-21079 Hamburg D-45307 Essen Germany Germany Chapter 12 Chapter 2 Dr. Johan E.T. van Hylckama,Vlieg Dr.-Ing. Michael Koning University of Groningen Arbeitsbereich Abfallwirtschaft Nijenborgh 4 TU Hamburg-Harburg NL-9747 AG Groningen Harburger SchloBstr. 37 The Netherlands D-21079 Hamburg Chapter 8 Germany Chapter 12 Contributors XI Dr. Fu-Min Menn Dr. David E. Salt Center for Environmental Biotechnology Department of Chemistry University of Tennessee Northern Arizona University 676 Dabney Hall Flagstaff, AZ 8601 1-5698 Knoxville, TN 37996 USA USA Chapter 17 Chapters 20,21 Prof. Dr. Karel Ch. A. M. Luyben Dr. Gary S. Sayler Technical University of Delft Center for Environmental Biotechnology Julianalaan 67a University of Tennessee NL-2628 Delft 8 676 Dabney Hall The Netherlands Knoxville, TN 37996 Chapter 14 USA Chapters 20,21 Prof. Dr. Bernd Mahro Prof. Dr. Bernhard Schink Fachbereich 3 Institut fur Mikrobielle Okologie Hochschule Bremen Universitat Konstanz Neustadtswall30 Universitatsstr. 10 D-28199 Bremen D-78457 Konstanz Germany Germany Chapter 3 Chapter 7 Prof. Dr. Rudolf Muller Prof. Dr. Jerald L. Schnoor Arbeitsbereich 2-100 116 Engineering Research Facility TU Hamburg-Harburg The University of Iowa Denickestr. 15 330 S. Madison St. D-21073 Hamburg Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1000 Germany USA Chapter 10 Chapter 16 Prof. Dr. Hans-Jurgen Rehm Dr. Volker Schulz-Berendt Institut fur Mikrobiologie Umweltschutz Nord GmbH & Co. Universitat Munster Industriepark 6 Corrensstralje 3 D-27767 Ganderkesee D-48149 Munster Germany Germany Chapter 13 Chapter 19 Dr. Michael Roemer Dr. Robert J. Steffan Melatener Str. 79 Envirogen, Inc. D-52074 Aachen 41000 Quakerbridge Road Germany Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 Chapter 23 USA Chapter 18
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