Biotechnology Annual Review, Volume 2, Volume 2 PDF
Preview Biotechnology Annual Review, Volume 2, Volume 2
Biotechnology Annual Review Volume 2 This Page Intentionally Left Blank Biotechnology Annual Review Volume 2 Editor: M. Raafat El-Gewely Department of Biotechnology, University of Tromso, Tromsg, Norway 1996 ELSEVIER Amsterdam - Lausanne - New York - Oxford - Shannon - Tokyo 01996 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher, Elsevier Science B.V., Permissions Department, P.O. Box 521, lo00 AM Amsterdam, The Netherlands. No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, the Publisher recommends that independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. Special regulations for readers in the USA - This publication has been registered with the Copyright Clearance Center Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01293, USA. Information can be obtained from the CCC about conditions under which photocopies of parts of this publication may be made in the USA. All other copyright questions, including photocopying outside the USA should be referred to the copyright owner, Elsevier Science B.V., unless otherwise specified. ISBN 0 444 82444-8 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Published by: Elsevier Science B.V. P.O. Box 21 1 lo00 AE Amsterdam The Netherlands Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. In order to ensure rapid publication this volume was prepared using a method of electronic text processing known as Optical Character Recognition (OCR). Scientific accuracy and consistency of style were handled by the author. Time did not allow for the usual extensive editing process of the Publisher. Printed in the Netherlands V Scope This new series, as the title implies, aims at covering the development in the field of biotechnology in the form of comprehensive, illustrated and well-referenced reviews. With the expansion in the field of biotechnology both in industry as well as in education, coupled with the increase in the number of new journals reporting new results in the field, the need for a publication that is continuously providing reviews is urgent. The goal of Biotechnology Annual Review is to fill this gap. Naturally, all aspects of biotechnology cannot be reviewed extensively in each issue every year, but each volume will have a number of reviews covering different aspects of biotech- nology . Reviewed topics will include biotechnology applications in medicine, agriculture, marine biology, industry, bioremediation and the environment. Fundamental problems dealing with enhancing the technical knowledge encountering biotechnology utilization, regardless of the field of application, will be emphasized. Examples of such vital topics are promoters, vectors, media, induction, genetic stabilization during heterologous gene expression and any relevant new technique. Essential information dealing with the utilization of data banks, such as protein and nucleic acid data banks, will be reviewed. Homology studies as related to biotech- nology, as well as issues dealing with the characterization of motifs and motif data bases will be also dealt with. New developments in protein engineering, optimization of protein function and protein design will be addressed. Problems dealing with protein functionality are important not only for the production of active recombinant proteins and enzymes, but also for the purpose of drug development and design based on screening using such proteins, whether by employing in vitro or in vivo assays. Newly discovered open reading frames or protein identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis will be updated whenever possible. Other issues, dealing with policy and regulation of biotechnology as well as the problems of development in devel- oping countries, as related to biotechnology, will be included in the various issues. The “Editorial Board” of Biotechnology Annual Review encourages suggestions and contributions of articles from industry or from academic institutions that would constitute a comprehensive covering of a relevant topic in biotechnology. Please contact me for any suggestions about chapter contributions. M. Raafat El-Gewely, PhD Professor of Biotechnology Institute of Medical Biology University of Tromsa 9037 Tromsa, Norway Tel.: +47-776-44654. Fax: +47-776-45350. E-mail: [email protected] This Page Intentionally Left Blank vii Biotechnology Annual Review Volume 2 Editor Dr. F. Felici IRBM P Angeletti Dr. M.R. El-Gewely Via Pontina km 30.600 Department of Biotechnology 00040 Pomezia, Roma, Italy Institute of Medical Biology Tel.: +39-6910931 University of Tromsa Fax: +39-691093225 MH-B ygget 9037 Tromsa Dr. Shigehiro Hirano Norway Department of Agricultural Tel.: 47-77-6446-54 Biochemistry and Biotechnology Fax: 47-77-64-53-50 Tottori University Tottori 680, Japan Associate editors Tel.: +81-857-280321 (ext. 5200) Fax: +81-857-315347 Dr. Thomas M.S. Chang Artificial Cells & Organs Dr. Kuniyo Inouye Research Centre Department of Food Science McGill, 3655 Drummond St. and Technology Room 1005 Faculty of Agriculture Montreal, Quebec Kyoto University Canada H3G 1Y6 Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-01 Tel.: +1-5 14-398-351 2 Japan Fax: +1-514-398-4983 Tel.: +81-75-753-6267 Fax: +81-75-753-6265 Dr. Thomas T. Chen Biotechnology Center Dr. Guido Krupp University of Connecticut Institut fur Allgemeine Mikrobiologie 184 Auditorium Road Christian-A lbrechts-Universitat U-149 Stoms Am Botanischen Garten 9 CT 06269-3 149, USA D-24118 Kiel, Germany Tel.: + 1-203-486-501 1/501 2 Tel.: +49-43 1-880-4330 Fax: + 1-203-486-5005 Fax: +49-43 1-880-21 94 Dr. Roy H. Doi Dr. Eric Olson Section of Biochemistry Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics Warner-Lambed University of California, Davis 2800 Plymouth Road Davis, CA 95616-8535, USA Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA Tel.: +1-916-752-31 91 Tel.: +1-3 13-998-5961 Fax: +1-9 16-752-3085 Fax: +1-313-998-5970 ... Vlll Dr. Steffen B. Petersen G. Kristin Rosendal SINTEF, UNIMED The Fridtjof Nansen Institute 7034 Trondheim P.O. Box 326 Norway 1324 Lysaker Tel.: +47-73-99-77-00 Norway Fax: 47-73-99-77-08 Tel.: +47-67-53-89-12 Fax: 47-67-1 2-50-47 Dr. Jack Preiss Department of Biochemistry Mark Tepfer Michigan State University Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire Biochemistry Building INRA - Centre de Versailles East Lansing, MI 48824-1319 F-78026 Versailles Cedex USA France Tel.: +1-517-353-3137 Tel.: +33-1-30-83-30-29 Fa: +1-517-353-9334 Fax: +33-1-30-83-30-99 ix Contributors Dr. Thomas T. Chen Biotechnology Center Dr. Rohini Acharya University of Connecticut The Royal Institute of 184 Auditorium Road International Affairs U-149 Stems, CT 06269-3149, USA Chatham House Tel.: +1-203-486-5011/5012 10 St. James's Square Fax: +1-203-486-5005 London SWlY 4LE, UK Tel.: +44-0171-957-5700 Rex A. Durham Fax: +44-017 1-957-57 10 Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures Dr. P. Ainsworth Auburn University, Auburn Department of Zoology and Alabama, USA Division of Medical Genetics The University of Western Ontario Dr. Matthias Ehrmann 307 Western Science Centre Lehrstuhl fur Technische London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7 Mikrobiologie Tel.: +1-5 19-661- 31 35 Technische Universitat Munchen Fax: +1-519-661-2014 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan Germany Dr. Javier Barrios-Gonzalez Tel.: +49-8161-71-3663 Departmento de Biotechnologia Fax: +49-8 161-71 -3327 Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Av. Michoach y La Purisima Dr. Shigehiro Hirano Iztapalapa, 09340 Mexico, D.F. Department of Agricultural Tel.: +52-724-47-11 (724-47-12 Biochemistry and Biotechnology and 724-47- 13) Tottori University Fax: +52-724-47-12. Tottori 680, Japan Tel.: +81-857-280321 (ext. 5200) Anthio Baptista Fax: +81-857-315347 SINTEF, UNIMED 7034 Trondheim, Norway Dr. Rawle Hollingsworth Tel.: +47-73-99-77-00 Department of Biochemistry Fax: +47-73-99-77-08 Biochemistry Building Michigan State University Dr. Ton Bisseling East Lansing, MI 48824-1319, USA Department of Molecular Biology Tel.: +1-5 17-353-0613 Agricultural University Fax: + 1- 5 17-353-9334 ' 6703 HA, Wageningen, The Netherlancd S Tel.: +31-8370-82036 Dr. J.H. Jung Fax: +31-8370-83584 Department of Zoology and Division of Medical Genetics Douglas S. Burdette The University of Western Ontario Department of Biochemistry 307 Western Science Centre Michigan State University London, Ontario East Lansing, MI 48824, USA Canada N6A 5B7 Tel.: +1-517-353-4614 Tel.: +1-5 19-661-31 35 Fax: +1-517-353-5556 Fax: +1-5 19-661- 2014
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