Biosurfactants of Lactic Acid Bacteria PDF
Preview Biosurfactants of Lactic Acid Bacteria
SPRINGER BRIEFS IN MICROBIOLOGY Deepansh Sharma Baljeet Singh Saharan Shailly Kapil Biosurfactants of Lactic Acid Bacteria 123 SpringerBriefs in Microbiology More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8911 Deepansh Sharma Baljeet Singh Saharan (cid:129) Shailly Kapil Biosurfactants of Lactic Acid Bacteria 123 Deepansh Sharma Shailly Kapil Schoolof Biosciences Division of DairyMicrobiology LovelyProfessional University National Dairy Research Institute Phagwara, Punjab Karnal, Haryana India India Baljeet SinghSaharan Department ofMicrobiology Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, Haryana India ISSN 2191-5385 ISSN 2191-5393 (electronic) SpringerBriefs inMicrobiology ISBN978-3-319-26213-0 ISBN978-3-319-26215-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-26215-4 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016932323 ©TheAuthor(s)2016 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor foranyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAGSwitzerland In Loving Memories of my Mother Late. Smt. Kunta Sharma Foreword Biosurfactants, microbial surfactants, and emulsifiers have attracted considerable attention in the past years and they have been investigated extensively as an alternative for chemically synthesized conventional surfactants. Typically, their hydrophobic moiety is composed of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, hydroxy fatty acids, or fatty alcohols, whereas the hydrophilic moiety often contains a mono-, oligo-, or polysaccharide, an amino acid, peptide, or protein. The utilizable physicochemical properties of biosur- factants are generally comparable to chemically syn- thesized compounds. Advantageously, biosurfactants can be produced from renewable resources or industrial waste products and are biodegradable. In addition, several biosurfactants have been reported to have manifold biological activities. Many of our most consumed foods, toiletries, cosmetic products, and pharma- ceuticals are emulsions. Therefore, the range of applications for surfactants and emulsifiers is huge. However, the application of alternative biosurfactants in innovativeproductshasonlyemergedinthepastdecade.Todayonlyrhamnolipids, sophorolipids, and mannosylerythritol lipids are among the few commercially rel- evantbiosurfactants.Althoughtheyhavebeenknownforseveraldecadesandtheir productionistechnicallyfeasible,theyareconfinedtosmallbusinessnichesandno broad applications are foreseeable in the near future. Nevertheless, there is a demand for new and innovative surfactants. Especially in the food industry, new andsafesurfactantsaredesiredasthereisonlyalimitednumberofsurfactantsand emulsifiers approved by now. What may be the reason for this situation? First, microbial production seems to benotcompetitivebyeconomicalaspectsandthedevelopmentofmorecompetitive processes isa challenging task. A second reason may be the lack of availability of vii viii Foreword commercial samples for the development of novel applications. This may change, however, in view of the many reported advantages of biosurfactants. In my opinion, the one most disremembered advantage of biosurfactants is the wide variety of chemical structures and their broad range of physical properties covered. The scientific development in this area has witnessed a renaissance, as it becomesevidentthatthenumberofmicroorganismsproducingsurfactantsandalso the molecular diversity of microbial surface active substances may both be more diverse than previously expected. The book now presented by Deepansh Sharma, Baljeet Singh Saharan, and Shailly Kapil illuminates this for the biosurfactants derivedfromlacticacidbacteria,alittleinvestigatedgroupinthisregard.Thebook represents the first focused monograph on this issue presenting valuable informa- tion as functional properties and structural composition. The read shows that research opportunities are still ubiquitous in this field. The identificationandcharacterizationofnewbiosurfactants,theisolationofnewlactic acid bacteria, the biosynthesis, and its genetic organization are just the most obvious research questions. Bioprocessing, purification, and application develop- ment being subsequent topics. One expectation of biosurfactants derived from overproducing and non- pathogenicwild-typelacticacidbacteriaisthatthesewillqualifyasalternativesfor food surfactants eventually. I wish all of you an enjoyable read full of inspiration. Prof. Dr. Rudolf Hausmann Head Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology Department Bioprocess Engineering Preface Theideaofwritingabookon“BiosurfactantsofLacticAcidBacteria”struckus instantaneously after I was enrolled as a Ph.D. scholar in Microbiology and start working on biosurfactants derived from lactic acid bacteria. After five years of research related to the biosurfactants obtained from lactic acid bacteria, I and my mentor decided to compile all the information as a small compendium on “BiosurfactantsofLacticAcidBacteria.”AndwefoundSpringerbriefseriesasthe most appropriate way to publish our compendium. The prompt and positive response from the Springer team through their valuable suggestions and timely contributions are gratefully appreciated. The book consists of 7 chapters on dif- ferent aspects; each one represents the progress, prospect, and challenges in bio- surfactantoflacticacidbacteriaresearch.Thisissupposedtobethemostup-to-date bookon“BiosurfactantsofLacticAcidBacteria.”Weattemptnotonlytohighlight theremarkableprogressmadebythescientificcommunityinthisfieldofresearch, but also to critically examine the lacuna to expand the commercial prospects of these wonder biomolecules. The term biosurfactant refers to those compounds that have surface tension active properties, the molecules that reduce interfacial tension. The chemical composition of biosurfactants can vary widely, but they have in common their amphiphilic or amphipathic nature. These features make biosurfactants advanta- geous in a wide variety of industrial formulations based on their capabilities to lower surface tensions, increase solubility, their detergency power, wetting ability, and foaming capacity. First, biosurfactants are considered environmentally “friendly” since they are moderately nontoxic and biodegradable. Second, biosur- factants have exceptional structures that are just starting to be cherished for their potential applications to industrial biotechnology to environmental cleanup. This “Biosurfactants of Lactic Acid Bacteria” book covers the current knowledge and themostrecentadvancesinthefieldofmicrobialbiosurfactants.Thebookincludes thephysicochemicalpropertiesofbiosurfactants,theirroleinthephysiologyofthe microbe that produced them, the biosynthetic pathway for their production, including the genetic regulation, and their potential biotechnological applications. ix x Preface Ithankfullyacknowledgealltheco-authorsofeachchapterofthebookfortheir valuable and inspiring contributions, especially my Mentor “Dr. Baljeet Singh Saharan”forgivingmethisopportunity.IdohighlyappreciatethehelpthatIhave constantlyreceivedfrommycolleaguesatSpringerGermanyandIndia.Ialsothank my loving wife, Deepti Singh, for her constant support and patience. I also thank myresearchstudents,particularlyGurkiranParmar,SakshiSood,Harsimran Kaur, Sonali, and Sandeep Singh, for their technical support, understanding, and forbearance. Deepansh Sharma
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