Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories 4th ed - (NIH, 1999) WW

270 Pages·1999·7.87 MB·English

HHS Publication No. (CDC) (99-xxxx)

Biosafety in

Microbiological
and Biomedical

Laboratories

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

Public Health Service

Centers for Disease Control

and Prevention

and

National Institutes of Health

Fourth Edition

April 1999

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON: 1999

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DEDICATION

This fourth edition of Biosafety in Microbiological and

Biomedical Laboratories is dedicated to the life and
achievements of John H. Richardson, D.V .M., M.P.H .

Dr. Richardson was a pioneer in and cease less advocate

for biological safety and education. He co-edited the first two
editions of the BMBL, whose guidelines are now accepted as
the international “gold standard” for safely conducting
microbiological research. He shaped the programs for
quarantining animals imported into the United States and for
handling dangerous biological organisms in research
laboratories. He was a charter member and former President
of the American Biological Safety Association, and helped
develop its certification program for biological safety
professionals. After a long and distinguished career in the
Public Health Service, he served as Director of the
Environmental Safety and Health Office of Emory U niversity
before becoming a w idely sought biosafety consultant.

Perhaps most importantly, Dr. Richardson will be missed

by the many friends and assoc iates who were privileged to
know and work with him. He was a gentleman and a superb
advocate for pu blic health.

i

Editors:

Jonathan Y. Richmond, Ph.D.
Director, Office o f Health a nd Safe ty
Public Health Service
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1600 Clifton Road N.E.
Atlanta, Georgia 30333

Robert W. McKinney, Ph.D.
Director, Division of S afety
Public Health Service
Nationa l Institutes of H ealth
Building 31, Room 1C02
Bethesda, Maryland 20892

ii

GUEST EDITORS

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Robert B. Craven, M.D.
Chief, Epidemiology Section
Arbovirus Disease Branch
National Center for Infectious
Diseases

Mark L. Eberhard, Ph.D.
Chief
Biology and Diagnostics Branch
Division of Parasitic Diseases
National Center for Infectious
Diseases

Thomas Folks, Ph.D.
Chief
HIV and Retrovirology Branch
Division of AIDS, STD, and
Laboratory Research
National Center for Infectious
Diseases

Bradford Kay, Dr.P.H.
Senior Laboratory Advisor
Division of Bacteriology and
Mycotic Diseases
National Center for Infectious
Diseases

Richard C. Knudsen, Ph.D.
Chief
Laboratory Safety Branch
Office of Health and Safety

Brian W . J. Mahy, S c.D.,
Ph.D.

Director
Division of Viral and Rickettsial
Diseases
National Center for Infectious
Diseases

iii

C.J. Peters, M.D.
Chief
Special Pathogens Branch
National Center for Infectious
Diseases

Margaret A. Tipple, M.D.
Chief
External Activities Program
Office o f Health a nd Safe ty

National Institutes of He alth

John Bennett, M.D.
Chief, Mycology Section
National Institute for Allergies and
Infectious Diseases

David Hackstadt, Ph.D.
Microbiologist
Rocky Mou ntain Laboratory

Deborah E. Wilson, Dr.P.H.
Chief, Occupational Health and
Safety Branch
Division of Safety

INDIVIDUAL GUEST EDITORS

Jonathan Crane, A.I.A.
Architect
Atlanta, GA

Peter J. Gerone, Sc.D.
Director, Tulane Region al Prima te
Research Center
Tulane University Medical Center
Covington, Louisiana

Thom as Hamm , D.V.M.,
Ph.D.

Consultant
Cary, NC

iv

Debra L. Hunt, Dr.P.H.
Director, Biological Safety and
Infection Control
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina

Peter Jahrling, Ph.D.
Senior Research Scientist
Disease Assessment Division
USAM RIID
Frederick, Maryland

Thomas Kost, Ph.D.
Section Head
Molecular Sciences Department
Glaxo Wellcome, Inc.
Research Triangle Park, NC

TECHNICAL EDITOR

Marie J. Murray
Writer-Editor
Atlanta, GA

v

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION I

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

SECT ION II

Principles of Biosafe ty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

SECT ION III

Laborato ry Bio safety Level Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Tab le 1. Sum ma ry of Recomm ended Biosafety

Levels for Infectious Agents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

SECT ION IV

Vertebra te Animal B iosafety Level Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Tab le 1. Sum ma ry of Recomm ended Biosafety

Levels for Activities in Which Experimentally or
Naturally Infected Vertebrate Animals Are Used . 75

SECTION V

Risk Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

SECTION VI

Recommended Biosafety Levels for Infectious Agents

and Infected Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

SECT ION V II

Agent S umm ary State ments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Section VII-A: Bac terial Agen ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Section VII-B: Fun gal Agen ts
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Section VII-C: Pa rasitic Age nts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Section VII-D: Prions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Section VII-E: Rick ettsial Agen ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Section VII-F: Viral Agents (other than arboviruses) . . . . 153
Section VII-G: Arboviruses and Related

Zoonotic Viruses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Arbo viruses Assigned to Biosafe ty Leve l 2 . . . . . . . . 183

Table 1 . Arbovirus es and Arenav iruses A ssigned to

Biosafety L evel 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

vi

Table 2. Vaccine Strains of BSL-3/4 Viruses
W hich May Be Handled at Biosa fety Level-2 . . . 189

Arboviruses and Arenaviruses Assigned to

Biosafety L evel 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Table 3. Arboviruses and Certain Other Viruses

Assigned to Biosafety Level 3 (on the basis
of insufficient experience) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

Table 4. Arboviruses and Certain Other Viruses

Assigned to Biosafety Level 3 . . . . . . . . . . . 194

Arboviruses, Arenaviruses, and Filoviruses

Assigned to Biosafe ty Leve l 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Table 5. Arboviruses, Arenaviruses and

Filoviruses Assigned to Biosafety L evel 4
. . 197

APPENDIX A

Primary Containment: B iological Safety Cab inets . . . . . . 200

Tab le 1. Com paris on of Biological Safe ty

Cabine ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

Figure 2a. Clas s II, Type A Biological Safe ty

Cabinet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

Figure 2b. Clas s II, Type B1 Biologica l Safe ty

Cabinet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

Figure 2c . Clas s II, Type B2 Biologica l Safe ty

Cabinet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

Figure 2d. Table-top Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Figure 3. Class III Biological Safety Cabinet
. . . . . . 211

APPENDIX B

Imm unoprop hylaxis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

APPENDIX C

Trans portation a nd Tran sfer of Biological Age nts . . . . . . 214

Figure 1 . Packin g and La beling of

Infectious Substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

Figure 2 . Packin g and La beling of

Clinical Specimens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

APPENDIX D

Restricted Animal Pathogens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

vii

APPENDIX E

Resources for Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

APPENDIX F

Laboratory Security and Emergency Response for

Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories . . . . . . 224

APPENDIX G

Integrated Pest Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

APPENDIX H

Working With Human and Other Primate Cells

and Tissues
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

APPENDIX I

Guid elines for W ork W ith Toxins of Biologica l Origin . . . 237

INDEX

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243