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Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories 4th ed - (NIH, 1999) WW PDF

270 Pages·1999·7.87 MB·English
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Preview Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories 4th ed - (NIH, 1999) WW

HHS Publication No. (CDC) (99-xxxx) Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Institutes of Health Fourth Edition April 1999 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1999 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. For additional copies, contact the Government Printing Office at (202) 512-1800, fax number is (202) 512-2250, or write to: Superintendent of Documents, U.S. GPO, Washington, D.C. 20402. You can also order online at:: https://orders.acess.gpo.gov/su_docs/sale/prf/prf.html The cost is $12.00 per copy, and the stock number is 017- 040-00547-4 DEDICATION This fourth edition of Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories is dedicated to the life and achievements of John H. Richardson, D.V .M., M.P.H . Dr. Richardson was a pioneer in and cease less advocate for biological safety and education. He co-edited the first two editions of the BMBL, whose guidelines are now accepted as the international “gold standard” for safely conducting microbiological research. He shaped the programs for quarantining animals imported into the United States and for handling dangerous biological organisms in research laboratories. He was a charter member and former President of the American Biological Safety Association, and helped develop its certification program for biological safety professionals. After a long and distinguished career in the Public Health Service, he served as Director of the Environmental Safety and Health Office of Emory U niversity before becoming a w idely sought biosafety consultant. Perhaps most importantly, Dr. Richardson will be missed by the many friends and assoc iates who were privileged to know and work with him. He was a gentleman and a superb advocate for pu blic health. i Editors: Jonathan Y. Richmond, Ph.D. Director, Office o f Health a nd Safe ty Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Road N.E. Atlanta, Georgia 30333 Robert W. McKinney, Ph.D. Director, Division of S afety Public Health Service Nationa l Institutes of H ealth Building 31, Room 1C02 Bethesda, Maryland 20892 ii GUEST EDITORS Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Robert B. Craven, M.D. Chief, Epidemiology Section Arbovirus Disease Branch National Center for Infectious Diseases Mark L. Eberhard, Ph.D. Chief Biology and Diagnostics Branch Division of Parasitic Diseases National Center for Infectious Diseases Thomas Folks, Ph.D. Chief HIV and Retrovirology Branch Division of AIDS, STD, and Laboratory Research National Center for Infectious Diseases Bradford Kay, Dr.P.H. Senior Laboratory Advisor Division of Bacteriology and Mycotic Diseases National Center for Infectious Diseases Richard C. Knudsen, Ph.D. Chief Laboratory Safety Branch Office of Health and Safety Brian W . J. Mahy, S c.D., Ph.D. Director Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases National Center for Infectious Diseases iii C.J. Peters, M.D. Chief Special Pathogens Branch National Center for Infectious Diseases Margaret A. Tipple, M.D. Chief External Activities Program Office o f Health a nd Safe ty National Institutes of He alth John Bennett, M.D. Chief, Mycology Section National Institute for Allergies and Infectious Diseases David Hackstadt, Ph.D. Microbiologist Rocky Mou ntain Laboratory Deborah E. Wilson, Dr.P.H. Chief, Occupational Health and Safety Branch Division of Safety INDIVIDUAL GUEST EDITORS Jonathan Crane, A.I.A. Architect Atlanta, GA Peter J. Gerone, Sc.D. Director, Tulane Region al Prima te Research Center Tulane University Medical Center Covington, Louisiana Thom as Hamm , D.V.M., Ph.D. Consultant Cary, NC iv Debra L. Hunt, Dr.P.H. Director, Biological Safety and Infection Control Duke University Medical Center Durham, North Carolina Peter Jahrling, Ph.D. Senior Research Scientist Disease Assessment Division USAM RIID Frederick, Maryland Thomas Kost, Ph.D. Section Head Molecular Sciences Department Glaxo Wellcome, Inc. Research Triangle Park, NC TECHNICAL EDITOR Marie J. Murray Writer-Editor Atlanta, GA v TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION I Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 SECT ION II Principles of Biosafe ty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 SECT ION III Laborato ry Bio safety Level Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Tab le 1. Sum ma ry of Recomm ended Biosafety Levels for Infectious Agents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 SECT ION IV Vertebra te Animal B iosafety Level Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Tab le 1. Sum ma ry of Recomm ended Biosafety Levels for Activities in Which Experimentally or Naturally Infected Vertebrate Animals Are Used . 75 SECTION V Risk Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 SECTION VI Recommended Biosafety Levels for Infectious Agents and Infected Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 SECT ION V II Agent S umm ary State ments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Section VII-A: Bac terial Agen ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Section VII-B: Fun gal Agen ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Section VII-C: Pa rasitic Age nts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Section VII-D: Prions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Section VII-E: Rick ettsial Agen ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Section VII-F: Viral Agents (other than arboviruses) . . . . 153 Section VII-G: Arboviruses and Related Zoonotic Viruses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Arbo viruses Assigned to Biosafe ty Leve l 2 . . . . . . . . 183 Table 1 . Arbovirus es and Arenav iruses A ssigned to Biosafety L evel 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 vi Table 2. Vaccine Strains of BSL-3/4 Viruses W hich May Be Handled at Biosa fety Level-2 . . . 189 Arboviruses and Arenaviruses Assigned to Biosafety L evel 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Table 3. Arboviruses and Certain Other Viruses Assigned to Biosafety Level 3 (on the basis of insufficient experience) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Table 4. Arboviruses and Certain Other Viruses Assigned to Biosafety Level 3 . . . . . . . . . . . 194 Arboviruses, Arenaviruses, and Filoviruses Assigned to Biosafe ty Leve l 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 Table 5. Arboviruses, Arenaviruses and Filoviruses Assigned to Biosafety L evel 4 . . 197 APPENDIX A Primary Containment: B iological Safety Cab inets . . . . . . 200 Tab le 1. Com paris on of Biological Safe ty Cabine ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Figure 2a. Clas s II, Type A Biological Safe ty Cabinet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 Figure 2b. Clas s II, Type B1 Biologica l Safe ty Cabinet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 Figure 2c . Clas s II, Type B2 Biologica l Safe ty Cabinet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Figure 2d. Table-top Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 Figure 3. Class III Biological Safety Cabinet . . . . . . 211 APPENDIX B Imm unoprop hylaxis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 APPENDIX C Trans portation a nd Tran sfer of Biological Age nts . . . . . . 214 Figure 1 . Packin g and La beling of Infectious Substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Figure 2 . Packin g and La beling of Clinical Specimens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 APPENDIX D Restricted Animal Pathogens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 vii APPENDIX E Resources for Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 APPENDIX F Laboratory Security and Emergency Response for Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories . . . . . . 224 APPENDIX G Integrated Pest Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 APPENDIX H Working With Human and Other Primate Cells and Tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 APPENDIX I Guid elines for W ork W ith Toxins of Biologica l Origin . . . 237 INDEX Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

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