Bioremediation Technology: Recent Advances PDF
Preview Bioremediation Technology: Recent Advances
BIOREMEDIATION TECHNOLOGY Recent Advances BIOREMEDIATION TECHNOLOGY Recent Advances Edited by M.H. Fulekar Department of Life Sciences University of Mumbai, India A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-90-481-3677-3 (HB) ISBN 978-90-481-3678-0 (e-book) Copublished by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands with Capital Publishing Company, New Delhi, India. Sold and distributed in North, Central and South America by Springer, 233 Spring Street, New York 10013, USA. In all other countries, except India, sold and distributed by Springer, Haberstrasse 7, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany. In India, sold and distributed by Capital Publishing Company, 7/28, Mahaveer Street, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi, 110 002, India. www.springer.com Cover photos credit: Photographs taken by the Editor during research studies. Top – Effl uent channel let out by industrial belt (Chembur, Mumbai, India). Bottom – Industrial effl uent treatment plant (Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India). Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © 2010 Capital Publishing Company No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfi lming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed in India. I dedicate this book to my mother POWARA for the inspiration, motivation and blessings Preface Global society in 21st century is facing the challenge of improving the quality of environment. Environmental pollutants have become major global concern due to rapid growth of industrialization, urbanization, modern agricultural development and energy generation. These resulted in indiscriminate exploitation of natural resources for fulfi lling the human desires and needs, which have contributed in disturbing the ecological balance on which the quality of our environment depends. Human beings in true sense are the product of their environment. Man-environment relationship indicates that pollution has a social origin. The modern technological advancements in chemical processes have given rise to new products and new pollutants in much abundant level which are above the self-cleaning capacities of environment. One of the major issues in recent times is the threat to the human life caused due to the progressive deterioration of the environment. The contamination of ground water, surface water, soil and air with hazardous and toxic chemicals is one of the major problems the industrialized world faces today. As far as the solution to this problem is concerned, there is an urgent need to develop technologies that consume fewer resources, less time and would be environmental friendly. Therefore, biological approaches received great deal of attention in the recent years. One among the effective biological approaches to deal with the environmental contamination is bioremediation. Bioremediation is an attractive and potential alternative for treatment of contaminated environment. Bioremediation has been proved effective for treating soil and water contamination at numerous sites throughout the world, and is accepted as a viable remediation technology by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Environment Canada, and other regulatory agencies worldwide. Around the world bioremediation technologies are categorized as the “innovative technologies”. This book discusses bioremediation technology based remediation used on genetically modifi ed microorganisms to restore contaminated sites and protect the environment. It studies the opportunities for more effi cient biological processes in molecular biology and ecology. Notable accomplishments of these vii viii Preface studies include the cleaning up of polluted water and contaminated land. The book identifi es the bioremediation techniques other than traditional methods of waste treatment such as incineration, absorbent/adsorbent techniques, catalytic disruption, and destruction of pollutants etc. The book discusses in detail microorganisms that enzymatically attack the pollutants and convert them into harmless products. It analyses biodegradative pathways and biotransformation manipulations through plasmid strains of microorganism, employing recombinant DNA technology. The book includes invited papers by eminent contributors who provide cost effective bioremediation strategies to immobilize contaminants for cleanup of environment. Bioremediation technology summarizes Introduction to Bioremediation; Biodegradation techniques for pesticides treatment; Remediation of low level nuclear waste; Environmental nanotechnology for remediation of contaminants; Lignins and polyphenols in bioremediation; Biosorption in environmental remediation and Genetic engineering. It also describes application for remediation of environmental contaminants; Microorganisms and genes in the environment; Ecology of microbial consortium for biodegradation; Global status of environmental pollution; Improving plants for acquisitism of heavy metals; Bioengineering for bioremediation; Bioremediation of hydrocarbons in the environment; Bioaccumulation and biotransformation of heavy metals; Genomic approaches for bioremediation and Recombinant DNA technology for bioremediation. The book is directed towards postgraduate students in biotechnology/life sciences/environmental sciences/biosciences and researchers in universities, research institutes and industries. I express my gratitude to honourable Vice Chancellor, Prof. Vijay Khole, University of Mumbai and Pro-Vice Chancellor, Prof. A.D. Sawant for providing the necessary facilities and encouragement to compile this volume. I would like to acknowledge my family members with love and affection in particular my wife Dr. (Mrs.) Kalpana, children Jaya, Jyoti and Vinay and brothers Sacchidanand, Dilip, and Pawan. The technical support and constant encouragement received from my PhD students from the Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Mumbai are acknowledged with thanks. I strongly believe that the successful completion of this manuscript is possible because of the blessings of “Almighty God”. M.H. Fulekar Professor, Environmental Biotechnology University Department of Life Sciences University of Mumbai Contributors Alina Petronela Stingu E.A. El-Sheikh “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical Department of Plant Protection University of Iasi Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig Faculty of Chemical Engineering University 44511, Egypt and Environmental Protection Blvd. Gayatri Baul Mangeron, No 71, Iasi - 700 050 Department of Marine Romania Biotechnology, Naval Materials Research Laboratory, Shil-Badlapur Anamika Singh Road, Ambernath - 421 506, India Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Life Irina Volf Sciences, University of Mumbai “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical Mumbai - 400 098, India University of Iasi, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Asha A. Juwarkar Environmental Protection Blvd. Deputy Director & Head Mangeron, No 71, Iasi - 700 050 Environmental Biotechnology Romania Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute M-B.A. Ashour Nehru Marg, Nagpur - 440 020 Department of Plant Protection India Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University 44511, Egypt Dilip S. Ramteke M.H. Fulekar Deputy Director, Environmental Professor of Environmental Impact Assessment Division Biotechnology, Department of Life National Environment & Sciences, University of Mumbai Engineering Research Institute Santacruz (E), Mumbai - 400 098 Nagpur - 440 020, India India ix
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