Bioremediation of Toxic Metal(loid)s PDF
Preview Bioremediation of Toxic Metal(loid)s
Bioremediation of Toxic Metal(loid)s Editors Anju Malik Department of Energy and Environmental Sciences Chaudhary Devi Lal University Sirsa, Haryana India Mohd. Kashif Kidwai Department of Energy and Environmental Sciences Chaudhary Devi Lal University Sirsa, Haryana India Vinod Kumar Garg Department of Environmental Science and Technology School of Environment and Earth Sciences Central University of Punjab Bathinda, Punjab India p, p, A SCIENCE PUBLISHERS BOOK A SCIENCE PUBLISHERS BOOK First edition published 2023 by CRC Press 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 and by CRC Press 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN © 2023 Anju Malik, Mohd. Kashif Kidwai and Vinod Kumar Garg CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, access www.copyright.com or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. For works that are not available on CCC please contact [email protected] Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data (applied for) ISBN: 978-1-032-13577-9 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-032-13579-3 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-003-22994-0 (ebk) DOI: 10.1201/9781003229940 Typeset in Times New Roman by Radiant Productions Preface The environment is being incessantly contaminated by a large number of toxic pollutants resulting from various technological advancements. Among them, metal(loid)s are an exclusive group of toxicants, that are persistent, do not degrade, tend to bioaccumulate, and are difficult to transform into non-toxic forms. The ever-increasing concentrations of metal(loid)s in the various spheres of the environment are serious threat to human beings, animals, plants, and other living beings. Even at trace concentrations, metal(loid)s have pernicious repercussions on living beings in particular carcinogenic, genotoxic, teratogenic, mutagenic, and other sub-lethal effects. Metal(loid)s pollution is a challenge continuously threatening the environment over the globe. Consequently, a pressing need has arisen for metal(loid)s remediation in an eco-friendly and cost-effective manner. In the past few decades, metal(loid)s remediation has drawn considerable attention from the scientific community and policymakers. Many conventional techniques based on physical, chemical, and biological strategies have been employed to remove, clean, transform, or sequester these toxic pollutants from the environment. However, most of these techniques have innate limitations including their low sustainability and they are non-economic, labor-intensive, potentially introduce secondary contaminants, disturb the native microflora and microfauna, and are often disquieting. Because of the limitations associated with these conventional techniques, there has been a paradigm shift towards a bio-based, environment-friendly approach recognized as bioremediation. Bioremediation has a potential advantageous edge over other conventional remediation technologies as it is simple, cost-intensive, environmental friendly, efficient, eco-friendly, eco-sustainable, and fast-emerging new technology for remediating toxic metal(loid)s and other pollutants. Bioremediation utilizes a vast array of biological materials, especially plants (phytoremediation), bacteria (microbial remediation), algae (phycoremediation), fungi (mycoremediation), biochar, nano-bio materials, nano-enzymes etc. In the processes of bioremediation, biodiversity acts as a toolbox, by which the metal(loid)s are transformed into less toxic species or detoxified in an environment-friendly way. The present book, Bioremediation of Toxic Metal(loid)s, has a compilation of the available comprehensive knowledge of the fundamentals and advancements in the field of bioremediation of toxic metal(loid)s. The mechanisms, applications, and current advancements of various bioremediation strategies used for metal(loid)s have been described in 21 chapters contributed by leading experts from different institutes, universities, and research laboratories from various countries across the globe including Argentina, Canada, Chile, Colombia, France, India, Japan, Republic of Korea, United Kingdom, and Unites States of America. To reflect the theme of the book, it has been divided into five sections: Section I: Fundamentals of Bioremediation of Toxic Metal(loid)s Section II: Bioremediation of Specific Toxic Metal(loid)s Section III: Biotechnological Strategies for Remediation of Toxic Metal(loid)s Section IV: Nanotechnology and Metal(loid)s Remediation Section V: General Aspects/Case Studies on Bioremediation of Metal(oid)s iv Bioremediation of Toxic Metal(loid)s This book describes the state-of-the-art and potential of emerging technologies on bioremediation of toxic metal(loid)s. In Section I, a comprehensive view of the mechanisms adopted by a vast array of biological materials, especially higher plants, mosses, lichens, bacteria, algae, fungi, lignocellulosic waste, etc., for bioprecipitating, accumulating, stabilizing, transforming, and removing metal(loid)s have been given in nine chapters. The introductory chapter gives a bird’s eye view of the sources and toxic effects of metal(loid)s pollution, and various bioremediation approaches used for metal(loid) s decontamination. Some chapters in this section also emphasize post-bioremediation production of bioenergy from biomass. Bioremediation of specific metal(loid)s such as Arsenic, Chromium, Mercury, Uranium and other radionuclides has been addressed in Section II. The recent tools of genetic, molecular, protein, and microbial engineering to modify plants for enhanced metal(loid) s uptake, transport, and sequestration have been described in Section III. Section IV encompasses the chapters on the nano-technological perspective of metal(loid)s remediation. Section V includes chapters focussing on the restoration of old mining sites, bioremediation of mining waste and other copper-containing effluents, and remediation of contaminated chromite mine spoil by biochar application. All the chapters are comprehensive, can stand alone, and have relevant illustrations in the form of tables, figures, and pictures providing additional help for clarity. On the other hand, all the chapters have a unifying theme addressing bioremediation of toxic metal(loid)s. We sincerely hope that this book will instil the current status, practicality, and implications of bioremediation of toxic metal(loid)s to the researchers, academicians, environmentalists, agriculturalists, scientists, extension workers, industrialists, students at undergraduate and postgraduate levels, practicing engineers, policymakers, and other enthusiastic people who are wholeheartedly devoted to the fields of Environmental Science, Microbiology, Biotechnology, Public Health, Civil Engineering, Chemistry, Biochemistry, Agriculture, Life Sciences, etc. The editors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the multidisciplinary team of authors having expertise in this field of research for readily accepting our invitation, submitting their innovative, high quality and valuable chapters in a timely manner, and their help in making this voluminous and high-quality outcome a successful endeavor. Their commitments are greatly appreciated. We all have strived hard to ensure that the book is free from any erroneous or misleading information and any such mistake is inadvertent. Finally, this book is dedicated to our respective families for their patience, co-operation, and understanding during this year-long journey. Last but not the least, we thank our family members from the core of our hearts. Anju Malik Mohd. Kashif Kidwai Vinod Kumar Garg Contents Preface iii Section I: Fundamentals of Bioremediation of Toxic Metal(loid)s 1. Metal(loid)s: Sources, Toxicity and Bioremediation 3 Mohd. Kashif Kidwai, Anju Malik and Vinod Kumar Garg 2. Bioprecipitation as a Remediation Technique for Metal(loid)s Contamination 33 from Mining Activities Samantha M. Wilcox, Catherine N. Mulligan and Carmen Mihaela Neculita 3. Bioaccumulation of Metals in Lichens and Mosses: Understanding Atmospheric 57 Deposition, Metal-induced Modifications and their Suitability as Biomonitors and Bioremediators Sharfaa Hussain, Parijat Bharali, Barnali Koushik and Raza R. Hoque 4. Phytoremediation: A Green Technology for Treating Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil 81 Huijuan Shao, Guangyu Cui and Sartaj Ahmad Bhat 5. Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes): A Sustainable Strategy for Heavy Metals 95 Removal from Contaminated Waterbodies Apurba Koley, Douglas Bray, Sandipan Banerjee, Sudeshna Sarkar, Richik Ghosh Thakur, Amit Kumar Hazra, Narayan Chandra Mandal, Shibani Chaudhury, Andrew B. Ross, Miller Alonso Camargo‑Valero and Srinivasan Balachandran 6. Bacterial Mechanisms for Metal(loid)s Remediation 115 Insha Sultan and Qazi. Mohd Rizwanul Haq. 7. Bioremediation Potential of Trichoderma species for Metal(loid)s 137 Mohd. Kashif Kidwai, Anju Malik, Sanju Bala Dhull, Pawan Kumar Rose and Vinod Kumar Garg 8. Trends in Waste Water Treatment using Phycoremediation for Biofuel Production 153 Anuchaya Devi, Anita Singh, Monika Mahajan, Sinha Sahab, Vaibhav Srivastava, Pooja Singh and Rajeev Pratap Singh , 9. Lignocellulosic Waste as Adsorbent for Water Pollutants: A Step towards 168 Sustainability and Circular Economy Andrea Beatriz Saralegui, Maria Natalia Piol, Victoria Willson, Nestor Caracciolo, Cristina Vázquez and Susana Patricia Boeykens vi Bioremediation of Toxic Metal(loid)s Section II: Bioremediation of Specific Toxic Metal(loid)s 10. Bioremediation of Arsenic: A Sustainable Approach in Managing Arsenic 185 Contamination Loveleena Khanikar and Md. Ahmaruzzaman 11. Phytoremediation of Uranium and Other Radionuclides in Soil and Water and 204 Effects of Biogeochemical Conditions Naira Ibrahim and Fengxiang Han 1 2. Bioremediation Strategies for Removal of Chromium from Polluted Environment 216 Preksha Palsania, Mohd. Ashraf Dar and Garima Kaushik 1 3. Environmental Evidence and Behaviour of Mercury Emissions, 237 Biogeochemical Cycle, and Remediation in Earth Systems Ramamoorthy Ayyamperumal, Xiaozhong Huang, Mohamed Khalith S.B., Natchimuthu Karmegam, Kantha Deivi Arunachalam, Diksha Sharma, Manikanda Bharath Karuppasamy, Gnachandrasamy Gopala Krishnan and Balasubramani Ravindran Section III: Biotechnological Strategies for Remediation of Toxic Metal(loid)s 14. Deciphering the Role of Metal Binding Proteins and Metal Transporters for 257 Remediation of Toxic Metals in Plants Harsimran Kaur, Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli, Kanika Khanna, Shalini Dhiman, Jaspreet Kour, Tamanna Bhardwaj and Renu Bhardwaj 15. Remediation of Toxic Metal(loid)s: Biotechnological Strategies 273 Manish Singh Rajput, Upasana Jhariya, Kritika Pandey, Shweta Rai, Surbhi Kuril, Pratibha Singh and Sridhar Pilli 1 6. Synthetic Biology Approaches for Bioremediation of Metals 292 Rohit Ruhal and Rashmi Kataria Section IV: Nanotechnology and Metal(loid)s Remediation 17. Bioremediation of Heavy Metals from Ecosystem: Nanotechnological Perspectives 309 Ruma Ganguly, Anshu Mathur and R.P. Singh 18. Mitigation of Arsenic Pollution by using Iron-based Nano-adsorbents 331 R. Suresh, Saravanan Rajendran and Lorena Cornejo Ponce Section V: General Aspects/Case Studies on Bioremediation of Metal(loid)s 19. Restoration of Old Mining Sites Polluted by Metal(loid)s by using Various 351 Amendments Manhattan Lebrun, Sylvain Bourgerie and Domenico Morabito 20. Bioremediation of Mining Waste and Other Copper-containing Effluents by 384 Biosorption Javier I. Ordóñez, Ana Mercado, Liey‑si Wong‑Pinto and Sonia I. Cortés 21. Remediation of Contaminated Chromite Mine Spoil by Biochar Application 403 Dipita Ghosh, Manish Kumar, Nabin Kumar Dhal and Subodh Kumar Maiti Index 415 About the Editors 417 Section I Fundamentals of Bioremediation of Toxic Metal(loid)s C 1 hapter Metal(loid)s Sources, Toxicity and Bioremediation Mohd. Kashif Kidwai,1 Anju Malik1,* and Vinod Kumar Garg2 1.1 Introduction Global expansion in industrial sectors and urbanization for development have occurred at the cost of the environment and its quality. Pollutants such as phthalates, PAH, metal(loid)s, dioxins, etc., are generated as a byproduct of various industrial and other activities surfacing environmental pollution as a major global issue affecting both economy as well as ecology (Singh et al. 2021). Heavy metals and metal(loid)s are widely known as environmental pollutants or potentially toxic elements (PTE) due to their toxic properties affecting the overall biotic components of different ecosystems (Sharma et al. 2015, Akhtar et al. 2020). Heavy metals occur naturally in the Earth’s crust. Higher demand for the use of heavy metals in various industrial processes resulted in an increase in exposure of various metal(loid)s in different ecosystems. Heavy metal pollution has emerged due to unsustainable human induced activities such as smelting, mining of different metals, foundries, leaching of metals in ground water, landfills, indiscriminate disposal of industrial waste, and sewage waste water, excretion, runoffs, automobiles exhaust, construction activities, etc. (Fig. 1.1). Due to the use of agrochemicals, improper sewage and industrial sludge disposal, discharge of untreated industrial waste water, etc., are considered as some of the major sources of pollution due to metal(loid)s. Geogenic and natural events like volcanic eruptions, weathering of rocks, floods, ground water, wind erosion, soil erosion, forest fires, etc., are also some of the natural sources of metal(loid)s in environment (Rotkittikhun et al. 2007, Jaishankar et al. 2014, Sharma et al. 2015, Mosa et al. 2016, Muthusaravanan et al. 2018, Akhtar et al. 2020, Briffa et al. 2020, Shah and Daverey 2020, Tarekegn et al. 2020, Arora and Chauhan 2021, Goswami et al. 2021, Kaur and Roy 2021, Li et al. 2021, Manori et al. 2021, Raffa et al. 2021, Poonia et al. 2021, Sharma and Kumar 2021, Thakare et al. 2021, Velez et al. 2021, Xiang et al. 2021, Zaynab et al. 2022). Both developing and developed nations are experiencing various environmental challenges due to improper disposal of metal(loid)s (Kaur and Roy 2021). Heavy metals are inorganic elements with high atomic weight and density (more than 5 gcm–3) and pose serious health hazards and ecological risks all over the globe even at low concentrations (Witkowksa et al. 2021) as exhibited in Fig. 1.2, Tables 1.1 and 1.2. In this chapter, the term 1 Department of Energy and Environmental Sciences, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana, India. 2 Department of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India. * Corresponding author: [email protected], [email protected]
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