Bioreactors: Sustainable Design and Industrial Applications in Mitigation of Ghg Emissions PDF
Preview Bioreactors: Sustainable Design and Industrial Applications in Mitigation of Ghg Emissions
Bioreactors Bioreactors Sustainable Design and Industrial Applications in Mitigation of GHG Emissions Editedby LAKHVEER SINGH Department of Environmental Science, SRM University, Amaravati, India ABU YOUSUF Department of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Science,Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet,Bangladesh DURGA MADHAB MAHAPATRA TERI-Deakin NanoBiotechnology Centre,TheEnergy and Resources Institute, Gurugram, India Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering, OregonState University, Corvallis, OR, United States Elsevier Radarweg29,POBox211,1000AEAmsterdam,Netherlands TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UnitedKingdom 50HampshireStreet,5thFloor,Cambridge,MA02139,UnitedStates Copyright©2020ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved. 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Practitionersandresearchersmustalwaysrelyontheirownexperienceandknowledgeinevaluatingand usinganyinformation,methods,compounds,orexperimentsdescribedherein.Inusingsuchinformation ormethodstheyshouldbemindfuloftheirownsafetyandthesafetyofothers,includingpartiesfor whomtheyhaveaprofessionalresponsibility. Tothefullestextentofthelaw,neitherthePublishernortheauthors,contributors,oreditors,assumeany liabilityforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsorpropertyasamatterofproductsliability,negligence orotherwise,orfromanyuseoroperationofanymethods,products,instructions,orideascontainedin thematerialherein. BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress ISBN:978-0-12-821264-6 ForInformationonallElsevierpublications visitourwebsiteathttps://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals Publisher:BrianRomer AcquisitionsEditor:PeterAdamson EditorialProjectManager:AkehAndrae ProductionProjectManager:KameshRamajogi CoverDesigner:GregHarris TypesetbyMPSLimited,Chennai,India Contents Listofcontributors xi 1. Microalgae biofuel bioreactors for mitigation ofindustrialCO 2 emissions 1 CoreyA.LaamanenandJohnA.Scott 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Microalgae 2 1.3 Microalgaegrowthparameters 3 1.4 MicroalgaecultivationsystemsforCO capture 8 2 1.5 Conclusion 13 References 14 2. Microbiology andbiochemistryof anaerobic digesters: an overview 17 SpyridonAchinas,VasileiosAchinasandGerritJanWillemEuverink 2.1 Introduction 17 2.2 Anaerobicdigestionsteps 18 2.3 Challengesinanaerobicdigestersoperation 19 2.4 Microbialecology 20 2.5 Microbiologicaldynamics 22 2.6 Conclusion 23 References 24 3. Processintensification for the production of canola-based methyl ester viaultrasonic batch reactor: optimization andkineticstudy 27 AwaisBokhari,SuzanaYusup,SairaAsif,LaiFattChuahand LeowZiYanMichelle 3.1 Introduction 27 3.2 Feedstocksforbiodieselproduction 31 3.3 Currentresearch 33 3.4 Materialsandmethodology 34 3.5 Resultsanddiscussion 34 3.6 Conclusion 40 Acknowledgments 40 References 40 v vi Contents 4. Conversion of rubberseed oilto biodieselusingcontinuous ultrasonicreactor 43 HuongTrinhandSuzanaYusup 4.1 Introduction 43 4.2 Rubberseedoilasfeedstock 43 4.3 Ultrasonicmethodinbiodieselproduction 44 4.4 Materialandmethodology 46 4.5 Resultsanddiscussion 49 4.6 Conclusion 51 Acknowledgment 52 References 53 5. Conversion of biomassinto biofuel:a cutting-edge technology 55 Md.SaifulAlamandMd.SifatTanveer 5.1 Introduction 55 5.2 Classificationofbiofuels 57 5.3 Barriersofbiofuels 71 5.4 Conclusion 71 References 72 6. Dry fermentersfor biogas production 75 AbuYousuf,AhasanulKarim,M.AmirulIslam,ShefaUlKarim, Md.MaksudurRahmanKhanandCheKuMohammadFaizal 6.1 Introduction 75 6.2 Differentkindsofdryfermentersforbiogasproduction 77 6.3 Conclusion 85 Acknowledgment 85 References 85 7. Biogas production from waste: technical overview,progress, and challenges 89 PoojaGhosh,GoldyShah,ShivaliSahota,LakhveerSinghand VirendraKumarVijay 7.1 Introduction 89 7.2 Currentstatusofbiogasproduction 90 7.3 Availablewastesforbiogasproduction 91 7.4 Technologicaladvancementsinbiogasproduction 94 7.5 Challengesassociatedwithbiogastechnologydissemination 99 Contents vii 7.6 Conclusion 100 Acknowledgment 100 References 100 8. Life cycle assessment of waste-to-bioenergyprocesses: a review 105 PoojaGhosh,SubhanjanSengupta,LakhveerSinghandArunadityaSahay 8.1 Introduction 105 8.2 Globalwastegenerationscenario 106 8.3 Needforwaste-derivedbioenergy 107 8.4 Differenttechnologiesforconvertingwaste-to-energy 108 8.5 Lifecycleassessmentforwaste-derivedbioenergysystems 110 8.6 Keychallengesinlifecycleassessmentstudiesandfuture recommendations 117 8.7 Conclusion 119 8.8 Acknowledgment 119 References 119 9. Bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass (water hyacinth):a biofuelalternative 123 SanthanaKrishnan,MohamadFaizalAhmad,NurAzmiraZainuddin, Mohd.FadhilMd.Din,ShahabaldinRezania,ShreeshivadasanChelliapan, ShazwinMatTaib,MohdNasrullahandZularisamAbdulWahid 9.1 Introduction 123 9.2 Studybackground 124 9.3 Methodology 128 9.4 Resultsanddiscussion 132 9.5 Conclusion 140 Acknowledgments 141 References 141 10. Workingprinciple oftypicalbioreactors 145 P.Jaibiba,S.NagaVigneshandS.Hariharan 10.1 Introduction 145 10.2 Aerobicandanaerobicbioreactors 146 10.3 Plugflowbioreactor 148 10.4 Upflowanaerobicsludgeblanketbioreactor 150 10.5 Photobioreactor 153 10.6 Reversemembranebioreactor 157 10.7 Immersedmembranebioreactor 158 viii Contents 10.8 Fluidizedbedbioreactor 161 10.9 Packedbedbioreactor 162 10.10 Activatedsludgebioreactor 163 10.11 Membranebioreactor 165 10.12 Immobilizedcellbioreactor 167 10.13 Futureperspective 169 10.14 Conclusion 170 Acknowledgment 170 References 171 11. Anaerobic treatment ofmunicipal solid waste landfill leachate 175 ShreeshivadasanChelliapan,NithiyaArumugam,Mohd.FadhilMd.Din, HesamKamyabandShirinShafieiEbrahimi 11.1 Introduction 175 11.2 Municipalsolidwastemanagement 176 11.3 Landfill 176 11.4 Overviewonlandfillprocessing 178 11.5 Landfillleachate 179 11.6 Leachatecharacterization 179 11.7 Treatmentoflandfillleachate 181 11.8 Anaerobictreatmentofleachate 182 11.9 Conclusion 190 Acknowledgments 190 References 190 12. Advancementsin hydrothermal liquefaction reactors: overview and prospects 195 S.N.Sahu,N.K.Sahoo,S.N.NaikandD.M.Mahapatra 12.1 Introduction 195 12.2 Backgroundonhydrothermalliquefaction 196 12.3 Hydrothermalliquefactionbiomassfeedstocks 200 12.4 Conclusion 208 References 209 13. An overview of algalphotobioreactors for resourcerecovery from waste 215 SurjithRamasamy,S.ArunandKannanPakshirajan 13.1 Introduction 215 13.2 Photobioreactorsusedforalgalcultivation 217 Contents ix 13.3 Controlsystemsandtheirstrategiesinphotobioreactors 227 13.4 Speciestransportmodelsforbubblemovement 230 13.5 Lightintensityanddistributioninphotobioreactors 233 13.6 Kineticsofmixinginairliftandbubblereactors 242 13.7 Conclusion 244 References 244 14. An overview of bioreactor configurationsand operational strategies for dark fermentative biohydrogen production 249 ArindamSinharoy,ManojKumarandKannanPakshirajan 14.1 Introduction 249 14.2 Bioreactorsforhydrogenfermentation 252 14.3 Conclusion 283 References 283 15. Bioreactor for algae cultivationand biodieselproduction 289 RashmiChandra,GarimaVishal,CarlosEduardoGámezSánchezand JanetAlejandraGutiérrezUribe 15.1 Introduction 289 15.2 Algalproductandchemistryofbiosynthesis 290 15.3 Cultivationbioreactorssystems 291 15.4 Methodsformicroalgaebiodieselextraction 295 15.5 Osmoticpressure 302 15.6 Pulsedelectricfieldtechnologies 302 15.7 Photobioreactorinpresentscenarios 302 15.8 Conclusion 303 Acknowledgments 304 References 304 Index 309 List of contributors SpyridonAchinas FacultyofScienceandEngineering,UniversityofGroningen,Groningen,The Netherlands VasileiosAchinas InstituteforLifeScienceandTechnology,HanzeUniversityofAppliedSciences, Groningen,TheNetherlands MohamadFaizalAhmad CentreforEnvironmentalSustainabilityandWaterSecurity(IPASA),ResearchInstitute ofSustainableEnvironment(RISE),SchoolofCivilEngineering,FacultyofEngineering, UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia(UTM),Skudai,Johor,Malaysia;SchoolofCivil Engineering,FacultyofEngineering,UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia,Skudai,Malaysia Md.SaifulAlam DepartmentofPetroleum&MiningEngineering,ShahjalalUniversityofScienceand Technology,Sylhet,Bangladesh NithiyaArumugam DepartmentofEngineering&Technology,RazakFacultyofTechnologyand Informatics,UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia,KualaLumpur,Malaysia S.Arun DepartmentofBiosciencesandBioengineering,IndianInstituteofTechnologyGuwahati, Guwahati,India SairaAsif DepartmentofBotany,PMASAridAgricultureUniversity,Rawalpindi,Pakistan AwaisBokhari DepartmentofChemicalEngineering,BiomassProcessingCluster,HICOE-Centrefor BiofuelandBiochemicalResearch,InstituteofSelf-SustainableBuilding,Universiti TeknologiPETRONAS,SeriIskandar,Perak,Malaysia;ChemicalEngineering Department,BiomassConversionResearchCenter(BCRC),COMSATSUniversity Islamabad(CUI),Lahore,Pakistan RashmiChandra TecnologicodeMonterrey,SchoolofEngineeringandScience,Toluca,Mexico ShreeshivadasanChelliapan DepartmentofEngineering&Technology,RazakFacultyofTechnologyand Informatics,UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia,KualaLumpur,Malaysia LaiFattChuah MalaysiaMarineDepartmentNorthernRegion,Gelugor,Penang,Malaysia xi
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