Biophysical Basis for Meridian and Acupoint Functions PDF
Preview Biophysical Basis for Meridian and Acupoint Functions
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Biophysical Basis for Meridian and Acupoint Functions Guest Editors: Guanghong Ding, Ying Xia, Wolfgang Schwarz, and Di Zhang Biophysical Basis for Meridian and Acupoint Functions Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Biophysical Basis for Meridian and Acupoint Functions GuestEditors:GuanghongDing,YingXia,WolfgangSchwarz, and Di Zhang Copyright©2013HindawiPublishingCorporation.Allrightsreserved. Thisisaspecialissuepublishedin“Evidence-BasedComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine.”Allarticlesareopenaccessarticles distributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninany medium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited. Editorial Board M.A.Abdulla,Malaysia Jen-HweyChiu,Taiwan Ching-LiangHsieh,Taiwan JonAdams,Australia W.Chi-shingCho,HongKong JingHu,China ZurainiAhmad,Malaysia JaeYoulCho,Korea Sheng-TengHuang,Taiwan U.P.Albuquerque,Brazil Seung-HunCho,RepublicofKorea BennyTanKwongHuat,Singapore GianniAllais,Italy CheeYanChoo,Malaysia RomanHuber,Germany TerjeAlraek,Norway Li-FangChou,Taiwan AngeloAntonioIzzo,Italy SoulimanAmrani,Morocco RyowonChoue,RepublicofKorea SureshJadhav,India AkshayAnand,India Shuang-EnChuang,Taiwan KanokwanJarukamjorn,Thailand ShrikantAnant,USA J.-H.Chung,RepublicofKorea YongJiang,China ManuelArroyo-Morales,Spain EdwinL.Cooper,USA ZhengL.Jiang,China SyedB.Asdaq,SaudiArabia GregoryD.Cramer,USA StefanieJoos,Germany SeddighehAsgary,Iran MengCui,China SirajudeenK.N.S.,Malaysia HyunsuBae,RepublicofKorea RobertoN.Cuman,Brazil Z.Kain,USA LijunBai,China VincenzoDeFeo,Italy OsamuKanauchi,Japan SandipK.Bandyopadhyay,India R.DelaPuertaVa´zquez,Spain DaeGillKang,RepublicofKorea SarangBani,India MartinDescarreaux,USA WenyiKang,China VassyaBankova,Bulgaria AlexandraDeters,Germany Shao-HsuanKao,Taiwan WinfriedBanzer,Germany SivaS.Durairajan,HongKong KrishnaKaphle,Nepal VernonA.Barnes,USA MohamedEddouks,Morocco KenjiKawakita,Japan SamraBashir,Pakistan ThomasEfferth,Germany JongYeolKim,RepublicofKorea JairoKenuppBastos,Brazil TobiasEsch,USA YounChulKim,RepublicofKorea SujitBasu,USA SaeedEsmaeili-Mahani,Iran Cheorl-HoKim,RepublicofKorea DavidBaxter,NewZealand NianpingFeng,China YoshiyukiKimura,Japan Andre-MichaelBeer,Germany YibinFeng,HongKong JoshuaK.Ko,China AlvinJ.Beitz,USA JosueFernandez-Carnero,Spain ToshiakiKogure,Japan YongChoolBoo,RepublicofKorea JulianoFerreira,Brazil JianKong,USA FrancescaBorrelli,Italy FabioFirenzuoli,Italy NandakumarKrishnadas,India GloriaBrusotti,Italy PeterFisher,UK YiuWaKwan,HongKong IshfaqA.Bukhari,Pakistan W.F.Fong,HongKong KuangChiLai,Taiwan ArndtBu¨ssing,Germany JoelJ.Gagnier,Canada ChingLan,Taiwan RainerW.Bussmann,USA SiewHuaGan,Malaysia AlfredLa¨ngler,Germany RaffaeleCapasso,Italy Jian-LiGao,China LixingLao,HongKong OpherCaspi,Israel GabinoGarrido,Chile ClaraBik-SanLau,HongKong HanChae,Korea M.N.Ghayur,Pakistan Jang-HernLee,RepublicofKorea Shun-WanChan,HongKong AnwarulHassanGilani,Pakistan MyeongSooLee,RepublicofKorea Il-MooChang,RepublicofKorea MichaelGoldstein,USA TatleangLee,Singapore RajnishChaturvedi,India MahabirP.Gupta,Panama ChristianLehmann,Canada ChunTaoChe,USA SveinHaavik,Norway MarcoLeonti,Italy Tzeng-JiChen,Taiwan AbidHamid,India LawrenceLeung,Canada KevinChen,USA N.Hanazaki,Brazil KwokNamLeung,HongKong Jian-GuoChen,China K.B.Harikumar,India Ping-ChungLeung,HongKong HubiaoChen,HongKong CoryS.Harris,Canada ChunGuangLi,Australia YunfeiChen,China ThierryHennebelle,France Xiu-MinLi,USA Juei-TangCheng,Taiwan Seung-HeonHong,Korea PingLi,China EvanPaulCherniack,USA MarkusHorneber,Germany ShaoLi,China ManLi,China BeritSmestadPaulsen,Norway MayankThakur,Germany MinLi,China AndreaPieroni,Italy MenakaC.Thounaojam,India YongHongLiao,China RichardPietras,USA MeiTian,China SabinaLim,Korea WarisQidwai,Pakistan EvelinTiralongo,Australia Bi-FongLin,Taiwan XianqinQu,Australia StephanieTjen-A-Looi,USA WenChuanLin,China CassandraL.Quave,USA MichaThlTomczyk,Poland ChristopherG.Lis,USA RojaRahimi,Iran YaoTong,HongKong GerhardLitscher,Austria KhalidRahman,UK KarlWah-KeungTsim,HongKong I-MinLiu,Taiwan CheppailRamachandran,USA VolkanTugcu,Turkey KeLiu,China GamalRamadan,Egypt Yew-MinTzeng,Taiwan YijunLiu,USA KeRen,USA DawnM.Upchurch,USA Cun-ZhiLiu,China ManHeeRhee,RepublicofKorea MarynaVandeVenter,SouthAfrica GaofengLiu,China Mee-RaRhyu,RepublicofKorea SandyvanVuuren,SouthAfrica GailB.Mahady,USA Jose´LuisR´ıos,Spain AlfredoVannacci,Italy JurajMajtan,Slovakia PaoloRobertidiSarsina,Italy ManiVasudevan,Malaysia SubhashC.Mandal,India BasharSaad,PalestinianAuthority CarloVentura,Italy JeanineL.Marnewick,SouthAfrica SumairaSahreen,Pakistan WagnerVilegas,Brazil VirginiaS.Martino,Argentina OmarSaid,Israel PradeepVisen,Canada JamesH.McAuley,Australia LuisA.Salazar-Olivo,Mexico AristoVojdani,USA KarinMeissner,Germany Mohd.ZakiSalleh,Malaysia Shu-MingWang,USA AndreasMichalsen,Germany AndreasSandner-Kiesling,Austria Chong-ZhiWang,USA DavidMischoulon,USA AdairSantos,Brazil ChenchenWang,USA SyamMohan,SaudiArabia G.Schmeda-Hirschmann,Chile Y.Wang,USA J.Molnar,Hungary AndrewScholey,Australia KenjiWatanabe,Japan Vale´rioMonteiro-Neto,Brazil VeroniqueSeidel,UK JintanapornWattanathorn,Thailand Hyung-InMoon,RepublicofKorea SenthamilR.Selvan,USA JennyM.Wilkinson,Australia AlbertMoraska,USA TuhinadriSen,India DarrenR.Williams,RepublicofKorea MarkMoss,UK HongcaiShang,China HarukiYamada,Japan YoshiharuMotoo,Japan RonaldSherman,USA NobuoYamaguchi,Japan FraukeMusial,Germany KarenJ.Sherman,USA JunqingYang,China MinKyunNa,RepublicofKorea KuniyoshiShimizu,Japan Yong-QingYang,China RichardL.Nahin,USA KanShimpo,Japan EunJinYang,RepublicofKorea VitalyNapadow,USA Byung-CheulShin,Korea LingYang,China F.R.F.Nascimento,Brazil YukihiroShoyama,Japan XiufenYang,China S.Nayak,TrinidadAndTobago Chang-GueSon,Korea KenYasukawa,Japan RolandNdipNdip,SouthAfrica RachidSoulimani,France MinYe,China IsabellaNeri,Italy DidierStien,France M.Yoon,RepublicofKorea T.B.Nguelefack,Cameroon Shan-YuSu,Taiwan JieYu,China MartinOffenbaecher,Germany MohdRoslanSulaiman,Malaysia ZunjianZhang,China Ki-WanOh,RepublicofKorea VenilN.Sumantran,India HongQ.Zhang,HongKong YoshijiOhta,Japan JohnR.S.Tabuti,Uganda Wei-BoZhang,China OlumayokunA.Olajide,UK TokuTakahashi,USA Jin-LanZhang,China ThomasOstermann,Germany RabihTalhouk,Lebanon BoliZhang,China StaceyA.Page,Canada Wen-FuTang,China RuixinZhang,USA Tai-LongPan,Taiwan YupingTang,China HongZhang,China BhushanPatwardhan,India LayKekTeh,Malaysia HaiboZhu,China Contents EffectofElectroacupunctureonRatIschemicBrainInjury:ImportanceofStimulationDuration, FeiZhou,JingchunGuo,JieshiCheng,GenchengWu,andYingXia Volume2013,ArticleID878521,12pages UnderstandingCentralMechanismsofAcupunctureAnalgesiaUsingDynamicQuantitativeSensory Testing:AReview,Jiang-TiKong,RosaN.Schnyer,KevinA.Johnson,andSeanMackey Volume2013,ArticleID187182,12pages ElectroacupunctureandBrainProtectionagainstCerebralIschemia:SpecificEffectsofAcupoints, FeiZhou,JingchunGuo,JieshiCheng,GenchengWu,JianSun,andYingXia Volume2013,ArticleID804397,14pages FromAcupuncturetoInteractionbetween𝛿-OpioidReceptorsandNa+Channels:APotentialPathway toInhibitEpilepticHyperexcitability,DongmanChao,XueyongShen,andYingXia Volume2013,ArticleID216016,17pages Electroacupuncture-InducedAttenuationofExperimentalEpilepsy:AComparativeEvaluationof AcupointsandStimulationParameters,XuezhiKang,XueyongShen,andYingXia Volume2013,ArticleID149612,10pages EffectsofElectroacupunctureatAuricularConchaRegionontheDepressiveStatusofUnpredictable ChronicMildStressRatModels,Ru-PengLiu,Ji-LiangFang,Pei-JingRong,YufengZhao,HongMeng, HuiBen,LiangLi,Zhan-XiaHuang,XiaLi,Ying-GeMa,andBingZhu Volume2013,ArticleID789674,7pages AnAcupunctureResearchProtocolDevelopedfromHistoricalWritingsbyMathematicalReflections:A RationalIndividualizedAcupointSelectionMethodforImmediatePainRelief,SvenSchroeder, GesaMeyer-Hamme,JianweiZhang,SusanneEpple´e,ThomasFriedemann,andWeiguoHu Volume2013,ArticleID256754,16pages TheNeuralPathwayofReflexRegulationofElectroacupunctureatOrofacialAcupointsonGastric FunctionsinRats,JianhuaLiu,WenbinFu,WeiYi,ZhenhuaXu,andNengguiXu Volume2012,ArticleID753264,8pages BiophysicalCharacteristicsofMeridiansandAcupoints:ASystematicReview,JuanLi,QingWang, HuilingLiang,HaoxuDong,YanLi,ErnestHungYuNg,andXiaokeWu Volume2012,ArticleID793841,6pages TranscutaneousAuricularVagusNerveStimulationProtectsEndotoxemicRatfrom Lipopolysaccharide-InducedInflammation,YuXueZhao,WeiHe,XiangHongJing,JunLingLiu,PeiJing Rong,HuiBen,KunLiu,andBingZhu Volume2012,ArticleID627023,10pages InhibitionofActivityofGABATransporterGAT1by𝛿-OpioidReceptor,LuPu,NanjieXu,PengXia, QuanbaoGu,ShuanglaiRen,ThomasFucke,GangPei,andWolfgangSchwarz Volume2012,ArticleID818451,12pages ElectricalPotentialofAcupuncturePoints:UseofaNoncontactScanningKelvinProbe,BrianJ.Gow, JustineL.Cheng,IainD.Baikie,ØrjanG.Martinsen,MinZhao,StephanieSmith,andAndrewC.Ahn Volume2012,ArticleID632838,8pages InterstitialFluidFlow:TheMechanicalEnvironmentofCellsandFoundationofMeridians,WeiYao, YabeiLi,andGuanghongDing Volume2012,ArticleID853516,9pages ResearchonNonlinearFeatureofElectricalResistanceofAcupuncturePoints,JianziWei,HuijuanMao, YuZhou,LinaWang,ShengLiu,andXueyongShen Volume2012,ArticleID179657,6pages StimulationofTRPV1byGreenLaserLight,QuanbaoGu,LinaWang,FangHuang, andWolfgangSchwarz Volume2012,ArticleID857123,8pages TherapeuticEffectsofAcupuncturethroughEnhancementofFunctionalAngiogenesisand GranulogenesisinRatWoundHealing,SangInPark,Yun-YoungSunwoo,YuJinJung,WooChulChang, Moon-SeoPark,Young-AnChung,Lee-SoMaeng,Young-MinHan,HakSooShin,JisooLee, andSang-HoonLee Volume2012,ArticleID464586,10pages AuricularAcupunctureandVagalRegulation,WeiHe,XiaoyuWang,HongShi,HongyanShang,LiangLi, XianghongJing,andBingZhu Volume2012,ArticleID786839,6pages HemodynamicChangesintheBrachialArteryInducedbyAcupunctureStimulationontheLower Limbs:ASingle-BlindRandomizedControlledTrial,MasashiWatanabe,ShinTakayama,AtsushiHirano, TakashiSeki,andNobuoYaegashi Volume2012,ArticleID958145,8pages InvestigationofAcupunctureSensationPatternsunderSensoryDeprivationUsingaGeographic InformationSystem,FlorianBeissnerandIreneMarzolff Volume2012,ArticleID591304,10pages EffectsofMoxibustionStimulationontheIntensityofInfraredRadiationofTianshu(ST25)Acupoints inRatswithUlcerativeColitis,XiaomeiWang,ShuangZhou,WeiYao,HuaWan,HuanganWu,LuyiWu, HuirongLiu,XueguiHua,andPeifengShi Volume2012,ArticleID704584,13pages ObservationofPain-SensitivePointsalongtheMeridiansinPatientswithGastricUlcerorGastritis, HuiBen,LiangLi,Pei-JingRong,Zhi-GaoJin,Jian-LiangZhang,Yan-HuaLi,andXiaLi Volume2012,ArticleID130802,7pages InAdjuvant-InducedArthriticRats,AcupunctureAnalgesicEffectsAreHistamineDependent: PotentialReasonsforAcupointPreferenceinClinicalPractice,MengHuang,DiZhang,Zhe-yanSa, Ying-yuanXie,Chen-liGu,andGuang-hongDing Volume2012,ArticleID810512,6pages AReviewofAcupointSpecificityResearchinChina:StatusQuoandProspects,LingZhao,JiChen, Cun-ZhiLiu,YingLi,Ding-JunCai,YongTang,JieYang,andFan-RongLiang Volume2012,ArticleID543943,16pages EffectsofElectroacupunctureofDifferentFrequenciesontheReleaseProfileofEndogenousOpioid PeptidesintheCentralNerveSystemofGoats,Li-LiCheng,Ming-XingDing,ChengXiong, Min-YanZhou,Zheng-YingQiu,andQiongWang Volume2012,ArticleID476457,9pages PatchClamp:APowerfulTechniqueforStudyingtheMechanismofAcupuncture,D.Zhang Volume2012,ArticleID534219,7pages SystemsBiologyofMeridians,Acupoints,andChineseHerbsinDisease,Li-LingLin,Ya-HuiWang, Chi-YuLai,Chan-LaoChau,Guan-ChinSu,Chun-YiYang,Shu-YingLou,Szu-KaiChen,Kuan-HaoHsu, Yen-LingLai,Wei-MingWu,Jian-LongHuang,Chih-HsinLiao,andHsueh-FenJuan Volume2012,ArticleID372670,13pages NMDAReceptor-DependentSynapticActivityinDorsalMotorNucleusofVagusMediatesthe EnhancementofGastricMotilitybyStimulatingST36,XinyanGao,YongfaQiao,BaohuiJia, XianghongJing,BinCheng,LeiWen,QiwenTan,YiZhou,BingZhu,andHaifaQiao Volume2012,ArticleID438460,11pages EvaluationoftheEffectofLaserAcupunctureandCuppingwithRyodorakuandVisualAnalogScaleon LowBackPain,Mu-LienLin,Hung-ChienWu,Ya-HuiHsieh,Chuan-TsungSu,Yong-ShengShih, Chii-WannLin,andJih-HuahWu Volume2012,ArticleID521612,7pages AcupunctureAlleviatesColorectalHypersensitivityandCorrelateswiththeRegulatoryMechanismof TrpV1andp-ERK,Shao-JunWang,Hao-YanYang,andGuo-ShuangXu Volume2012,ArticleID483123,10pages ArePrimoVessels(PVs)ontheSurfaceofGastrointestineInvolvedinRegulationofGastricMotility InducedbyStimulatingAcupointsST36orCV12?,XiaoyuWang,HongShi,HongyanShang, YangshuaiSu,JuanjuanXin,WeiHe,XianghongJing,andBingZhu Volume2012,ArticleID787683,8pages MeasurementsofLocation-DependentNitricOxideLevelsonSkinSurfaceinrelationtoAcupuncture Point,YejinHa,MisunKim,JiseonNah,MinahSuh,andYoungmiLee Volume2012,ArticleID781460,7pages EvaluateLaserNeedleEffectonBloodPerfusionSignalsofContralateralHeguAcupointwithWavelet Analysis,GuangjunWang,YuyingTian,ShuyongJia,GerhardLitscher,andWeiboZhang Volume2012,ArticleID103729,9pages HindawiPublishingCorporation Evidence-BasedComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine Volume2013,ArticleID878521,12pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/878521 Research Article Effect of Electroacupuncture on Rat Ischemic Brain Injury: Importance of Stimulation Duration FeiZhou,1,2JingchunGuo,3JieshiCheng,3GenchengWu,3andYingXia4,5 1ShanghaiResearchCenterforAcupunctureandMeridians,Shanghai201203,China 2GongliHospital,PudongNewDistrict,Shanghai200135,China 3ShanghaiMedicalCollegeofFudanUniversity,Shanghai200032,China 4TheUniversityofTexasMedicalSchoolatHouston,Houston,TX77030,USA 5YaleUniversitySchoolofMedicine,NewHaven,CT06520,USA CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoYingXia;[email protected] Received23August2012;Revised10November2012;Accepted13December2012 AcademicEditor:DiZhang Copyright©2013FeiZhouetal.ThisisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,which permitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited. Weexploredtheoptimaldurationofelectroacupuncture(EA)stimulationforprotectingthebrainagainstischemicinjury.The experimentswerecarriedoutinratsexposedtorightmiddlecerebralarteryocclusion(MCAO)for60minfollowedby24-hr reperfusion.EAwasdeliveredto“Shuigou”(Du26)and“Baihui”(Du20)acupointswithsparse-densewave(5/20Hz)at1.0mA for5,15,30,and45min,respectively.Theresultsshowedthat30minEA,startingat5minutesaftertheonsetofMCAO(EAduring MCAO)or5minutesafterreperfusion(EAafterMCAO),significantlyreducedischemicinfarctvolume,attenuatedneurological deficits,anddecreaseddeathratewithalargerreductionoftheischemicinfarctionintheformergroup.AlsointhegroupofEA duringMCAO,thisprotectivebenefitwaspositivelyproportionaltotheincreaseintheperiodofstimulation,thatis,increased protectioninresponsetoEAfrom5-to30-minstimulation.Inallgroups,EAinducedasignificantincreaseincerebralblood flowandpromotedbloodflowrecoveryafterreperfusion,andbothbloodflowvolumeandbloodcellvelocityreturnedtothe preischemialevelinashortperiodoftime.Surprisingly,EAfor45mindidnotshowreductionintheneurologicaldeficitsor theinfarctvolumeandinsteaddemonstratedanincreaseindeathrateinthisgroup.AlthoughEAfor45minstillincreasedthe bloodflowduringMCAO,itledtoaworseningofperfusionafterreperfusioncomparedtothegroupsubjectedonlytoischemia. Theneuroprotectioninducedbyan“optimal”period(30min)ofEAwascompletelyblockedbyNaltrindole,a𝛿-opioidreceptor (DOR)antagonist(10mg/kg,i.v.).ThesefindingssuggestthatearlierEAstimulationleadstobetteroutcomes,andthatEA-induced neuroprotectionagainstischemiadependsonanoptimalEA-durationviamultiplepathwaysincludingDORsignaling,while“over- length”stimulationexacerbatestheischemicinjury. 1.Introduction ourlaboratoryandatthoseofothershaveshownthatelec- troacupuncture(EA),atappropriateacupointswithsuitable Ischemic/hypoxicbraininjury,suchasstroke,leadstoserious stimulationparameters,significantlyattenuatesneurological and complex pathophysiological changes affecting multiple deficits, infarct volume and mortality in animal models levels of the brain, and sports a high global mortality rate exposed to ischemic insults [10–17], which may potentially as the leading cause of neurological disability [1–9]. In shedanewlightondevelopingabettermodalityforischemic spite of extensive research conducted in the past several brain injury. Indeed, there is substantial clinical evidence decades, limited therapeutic options are available against demonstrating beneficial effects of acupuncture on stroke ischemic/hypoxic brain injury till date. The vast physical, patients[18–21]. emotional,andfinancialtollsthatstrokeinflictsuponpatients Because of inadequate control, poor methodological andtheirfamiliesimposesadauntingandcontinuouschal- quality and small samples seen in previous studies, the lenge to the medical community [5–9]. Previous studies at efficacy of acupuncture on hypoxic/ischemic injury is still
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