Biomimetic and Biohybrid Systems: 6th International Conference, Living Machines 2017, Stanford, CA, USA, July 26–28, 2017, Proceedings PDF
Preview Biomimetic and Biohybrid Systems: 6th International Conference, Living Machines 2017, Stanford, CA, USA, July 26–28, 2017, Proceedings
Michael Mangan · Mark Cutkosky Anna Mura · Paul F.M.J. Verschure Tony Prescott · Nathan Lepora (Eds.) Biomimetic and Biohybrid Systems 6th International Conference, Living Machines 2017 Stanford, CA, USA, July 26–28, 2017 Proceedings 123 LNAI 10384 Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 10384 Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science LNAI Series Editors Randy Goebel University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Yuzuru Tanaka Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan Wolfgang Wahlster DFKI and Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany LNAI Founding Series Editor Joerg Siekmann DFKI and Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/1244 Michael Mangan • Mark Cutkosky Anna Mura • Paul F.M.J. Verschure Tony Prescott • Nathan Lepora (Eds.) Biomimetic and Biohybrid Systems 6th International Conference, Living Machines 2017 Stanford, CA, USA, July 26–28, 2017 Proceedings 123 Editors Michael Mangan Paul F.M.J. Verschure University of Lincoln Universitat Pompeu Fabra Lincoln Barcelona UK Spain Mark Cutkosky Tony Prescott Stanford University University of Sheffield Stanford, CA Sheffield USA UK Anna Mura Nathan Lepora Universitat Pompeu Fabra Bristol University Barcelona Bristol Spain UK ISSN 0302-9743 ISSN 1611-3349 (electronic) Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence ISBN 978-3-319-63536-1 ISBN 978-3-319-63537-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-63537-8 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017946685 LNCS Sublibrary: SL7 – Artificial Intelligence © Springer International Publishing AG 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Preface These proceedings contain the papers presented at Living Machines: The 6th Inter- national Conference on Biomimetic and Biohybrid Systems, held at Stanford University, USA, during July 25–28, 2017. The international conferences in the Living Machines series are targeted at the intersection of research on novel life-like tech- nologies inspired by the scientific investigation of biological systems, biomimetics, and research that seeks to interface biological and artificial systems to create biohybrid systems. The conference aim is to highlight the most exciting international research in both of these fields united by the theme of “Living Machines.” The Living Machines conference series was first organized by the Convergent Science Network (CSN) of biomimetic and biohybrid systems to provide a focal point for the gathering of world-leading researchers and the presentation and discussion of cutting-edge research in this rapidly emerging field. The modern definition of biomimetics is the development of novel technologies through the distillation of principles from the study of biological systems. The investigation of biomimetic sys- tems can serve two complementary goals. First, a suitably designed and configured biomimetic artifact can be used to test theories about the natural system of interest. Second, biomimetic technologies can provide useful, elegant, and efficient solutions to unsolved challenges in science and engineering. Biohybrid systems are formed by combining at least one biological component — an existing living system — and at least one artificial, newly engineered component. By passing information in one or both directions, such a system forms a new hybrid bio-artificial entity. Although one may consider this approach to be modern, the underlying principles are centuries old. For example, Leonardo Da Vinci took inspiration from the elegance and functionality he observed in the wings of birds when designing his famous flying machines in 15th-century Italy. Two centuries later, René Descartes, taking inspiration from the automatons he observed in Paris, postulated that the bodies of animals could be considered as nothing more than sophisticated machines. In contrast to Descartes, the mind is now commonly considered to be similarly machine-like allowing investi- gation through experimentation and replication. The logic of abstracting from nature for engineering purposes is clear in the light of evolutionary theory, which affirms that nature has had millions of years during which to hone biological systems to function robustly in their competitive and complex world. One reason for the recent expansion and progress of the field of biomimetics is the availability of the necessary tools. For example, the observation of seemingly complex behaviors emerging from the interaction of animals with limited processing capabilities and their environment has been reported many times in nature. Social insects, with their ability to perform complex tasks such as nest building through simple stigmery methods being a foremost example. Building machines with similarly robust func- tionality governed by computationally cheap methods represents a defining goal for many researchers in this field. Such systems were famously explored by the VI Preface neuroscientist and cyberneticist Valentino Braitenberg, in his seminal book Vehicles: Experiments in Synthetic Psychology. Yet emergent systems by their very nature are notoriously hard to predict particularly when scaling to large integrated systems such as neural networks or collective robots. In this regard, modern computer simulation and embodied hypothesis in robots are now offering previously unfeasible insights into the functioning of many aspects of bio-inspired systems from morphological and neural computation, to sensing and control. Advances in each of these areas were presented in detail at the conference. In addition, Living Machines 2017 provided an opportunity for researchers working on the next generation of tool-sets to present their work. Such approaches included novel materials for soft robots, next-generation biohybrid 3D printing methods, and bioinspired power systems. All of these offered a glimpse of the tools that may underpin future breakthroughs in the field. With this installment of the Living Machines conference taking place in the USA for the first time we are reminded of the wonder upon which European explorers con- sidered the boundless possibilities when discovering the Americas with Amerigo Vespucci coining the term “the New World” in 1503. This term appears newly appropriate in the context of the technological possibilities we face as demonstrated by the recent realization of fully automated cars, mind-controlled prosthetics, and AI systems capable of beating the best human Go players. As the relationship between man and artificial systems becomes increasingly intertwined, an enhanced under- standing of the ethical, societal, and economic impacts of automated systems will be required. Such philosophical discussions have always been welcomed at Living Machines conferences and will only grow in their importance. The main conference, during July 25–28, took the form of a three-day single-track oral and poster presentation program that included five plenary lectures from leading international researchers in biomimetic and biohybrid systems: Kwabena Boahen (Standford University, USA) on neuromorphic computing; Robert J. Full (Berkeley University, USA) on comparative biomechanics and physiology; Koh H. Hosoda (Osaka University, Japan) on the use of robots to explain adaptive intelligence of biological systems; Rebecca Kramer (Yale University, USA) on bioinspired manu- facturing, materials and robotics; and Cecilia Laschi (Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy) on soft robotics, humanoid robotics, and neurodevelopmental engineering. There were also 22 regular talks and two poster sessions featuring approximately 40 posters. Session themes included: advances in soft robotics; 3D-printed bio-machines; robots and society; biomimetic vision and control; utility and limits of deep learning for biorobotics; collective and emergent behaviors in animals and robots; and bioinspired flight. The conference was complemented with a day of workshops on July 24, covering three prominent themes related to biomimetic and bioinsired systems: Bioinspired Aerial Vehicles (Alexis Lussier Desbiens, Mark Cutkosky and David Lentink); Evo Devo of Living Machines (Tony Prescott and Leah Krubitzer), and Control Archi- tectures for Living Machines (Paul Verschure and John Doyle). We would like to thank our hosts at Stanford University. Since its opening in 1891, Stanford University has grown to be one of the world's leading teaching and research universities. It is famed for its ability to take research from the laboratory to the market Preface VII and with its positioning at the at the heart of Silicon Valley provided an ideal setting for the conference. We also wish to thank the many people that were involved in making LM 2017 possible: Tony Prescott and Paul Verschure co-chaired the meeting; Michael Mangan chaired the Program Committee and edited the conference proceedings; Paul Verschure chaired the international Steering Committee; Mark Cutkosky and Anna Mura co-chaired the workshop program; Anna Mura and Nathan Lepora co-organized the communications; Gosia Wojciechowska, Matthew Alfonso Estrada, and Amanda Kay Stowers provided administrative and local organizational support. We would also like to thank the authors and speakers who contributed their work, and the members of the Program Committee for their detailed and considered reviews. We are grateful to the five keynote speakers who shared with us their vision of the future. Finally, we wish to thank the sponsors of LM 2017: The Convergence Science Network for Biomimetic and Neurotechnology (CSNII) (ICT-601167), which is funded by the European Union’s Framework 7 (FP7) program in the area of Future Emerging Technologies (FET), the University of Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona, and Stanford University, USA. Additional support was also provided by Springer Publishing Company, Google, Toyota Research Institute, CloudMinds, and the Ningbo Intelligent Manufacturing Industry Research Institute. Living Machines 2017 was also supported by the IOP Physics journal Bioinspiration & Biomimetics, which will publish a special issue of articles based on the best conference papers. July 2017 Michael Mangan Mark Cutkosky Paul F.M.J. Verschure Anna Mura Tony J. Prescott Nathan Lepora Organization Conference Chairs Tony J. Prescott University of Sheffield, UK Paul F.M.J. Verschure Universitat Pompeu Fabra and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain Program Chair Michael Mangan University of Lincoln, UK Local Organizer Mark Cutkosky Stanford University, USA Communications Anna Mura Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain Nathan Lepora University of Bristol, UK Conference Website Anna Mura Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain Workshop Organizers Mark Cutkosky Stanford University, USA Alexis Lussier Desbiens Université de Sherbrooke, Canada John Doyle Caltech, USA Leah Krubitzer University of California, Davis, USA David Lentink Stanford University, USA Tony Prescott University of Sheffield, UK Paul Verschure UPF, IBEC, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain Program Committee Andrew Adamatzky UWE, Bristol, UK Robert Allen University of Southampton, UK Farshad Arvin University of Manchester, UK Tareq Assaf Bristol Robotics Laboratory, UK Joseph Ayers Northeastern University, USA X Organization Yoseph Bar-Cohen Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)/California Institute of Technology (Caltech), USA Paul Baxter University of Lincoln, UK Lucia Beccai Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Italy Josh Bongard University of Vermont, USA Federico Carpi University of Florence, Italy Hillel Chiel Case Western Reserve University, USA Andrew Conn University of Bristol, UK Jorg Conradt TU München, Germany Holk Cruse University of Bielefeld, Germany Heriberto Cuayahuitl University of Lincoln, UK Mark Cutkosky Stanford University, USA Marc Desmulliez Heriot-Watt University, UK Alex Dewar University of Sussex, UK Sanja Dogramadzi University of the West of England, UK Stephane Doncieux UPMC, France Christian Dondrup Heriot-Watt University, UK Volker Duerr Bielefeld University, Germany Wolfgang Eberle imec, Belgium Maria Elena Giannaccini University of Bristol, UK Benoit Girard CNRS UPMC, France Jose Halloy Université Paris Diderot, France Marc Hanheide University of Lincoln, UK Helmut Hauser University of Bristol, UK Ivan Herreros Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain Ioannis Ieropoulos University of the West of England, UK Agamemnon Krasoulis University of Edinburgh, UK Konstantinos Lagogiannis Kings College London, UK Nathan Lepora University of Bristol, UK William Lewinger University of Dundee, UK Michael Mangan University of Lincoln, UK Uriel Martinez-Hernandez University of Leeds, UK Ben Mitchinson University of Sheffield, UK Anna Mura Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain Vishwanathan Mohan University of Essex, UK John Murray University of Lincoln, UK Gerhard Neumann University of Lincoln, UK Martin Pearson Bristol Robotics Laboratory, UK Hemma Philamore Bristol Robotics Laboratory, UK Andrew Philippides University of Sussex, UK Tony Pipe Bristol Robtoics Laboratory, UK Tony Prescott University of Sheffield, UK Roger Quinn Case Western Reserve University, USA Benjamin Risse University of Edinburgh, UK Sylvain Saighi University of Bordeaux, UK Hannes Saal University of Sheffield, UK
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