Biomembranes : Passive Permeability of Cell Membranes: A satellite symposium of the XXV Internationational Congress of Physiological Sciences, Munich, Germany, July 25–31, 1971, organized by the Department of Physiology, University of Nijmejen, Nijmejen,

515 Pages·1972·24.966 MB·English

by  A. J. Staverman (auth.), F. Kreuzer, J. F. G. Slegers (eds.)

BIOMEMBRANES
Volume 3
BIOM EMBRANES
A series edited by
Lionel A. Manson
The Wistar Institute
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
1971 • Biomembranes • Volume 1
Articles by M. C. Glick, Paul M. Kraemer, Anthony Martonosi,
Milton R. J. Salton, and Leonard Warren
1971 • Biomembranes • Volume 2
Proceedings of the Symposium on Membranes and the Coordination
of Cellular Activities
Edited by Lionel A. Manson
1972 • Biomembranes • Volume 3
Passive Permeability of Cell Membranes
Edited by F. Kreuzer and J. F. G. Slegers
BIOMEMBRANES,
Volume 3
PASSIVE PERMEABILITY
OF CELL MEMBRANES
A satellite symposium of the XXV International Congress of Physio
logical Sciences, Munich, Germany, July 25-31, 1971, organized by
the Department of Physiology, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen,
Netherlands, and held in Rotterdam, July 20-22, 1971
Edited by
F. Kreuzer and J. F. G. Slegers
Department of Physiology
University of Nijmegen
Nijmegen, Netherlands
9?
PLENUM PRESS· NEW YORK· LONDON· 1972
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 78-140830
ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-0963-5 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-0961-1
DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4684-0961-1
© 1972 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1972
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
227 West 17th Street, New York, N.Y. 10011
United Kingdom edition published by Plenum Press, London
A Division of Plenum Publishing Company, Ltd.
Davis House (4th Floor), 8 Scrubs Lane, Harlesden,
London, NW10 6SE, England
All rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the publisher
PREFACE
Molecular transport of substances in the presence or
absence of membranes is an ubiquitous phenomenon. Research
workers from various disciplines in the biological and phys
ical sciences are actively pursuing problems of transport.
One of the important questions arising in numerous biological
transport situations concerns the differentiation between
passive and active transport. The latter is a more complex
phenomenon involving metabolic processes, and the economy of
thinking requires that attempts to explain any transport pro
cess from passive mechanisms should be carried as far as pos
sible before invoking more complex mechanisms. A precise de
finition and circumscription of passive transport processes
is of crucial importance. The symposium on "Passive permea
bility of cell membranes" was therefore devoted to these pas
sive transport processes and this book presents the proceed
ings of the conference.
This symposium, a satellite symposium of the XXV Inter
national Congress of Physiological Sciences at Munich, Ger
many, on July 25-31, 1971, was organized by the Department
of Physiology, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Nether
lands. It was held at the Hilton Hotel in Rotterdam on July
20-22, 1971. The meeting was made possible by generous fi
nancial support from the Dutch Ministry of Education and
Science (Ministerie van Onderwijs en Wetenschappenl and from
Boehringer Mannheim N.V., Ciba N.V., Essex (Nederland) N.V.,
Gist-Brocades N.V., Hoffmann - La Roche N.V., Merck, Sharp
and Dohme Nederland N.V., N.V. Philips, and Unilever N.V ••
We wish to express our sincere thanks for their important
contributions.
The arrangement of this volume follows approximately
that of the symposium itself but without distinction between
main lectures and invited discussions. The free discussions
have not been included.
v
vi PREFACE
The book is divided into three sections. The first
section is devoted to "Fundamental physico-chemical mechan
isms of diffusion" including the basic aspects of diffusion,
diffusion with chemical reaction and facilitated diffusion,
carrier diffusion, single-file diffusion, and carrier-medi
ated diffusion membranes. In the second section
~cross
"Structure of natural and artificial membranes, methods and
results" are discussed. Various important methods and their
results, including chemical and physical methods, are cover
ed. The third section presents a systematic discussion of
"Passive permeability of cell membranes" concerning various
groups of substances such as water, non-electrolytes and
electrolytes as well as surface coating, metabolic control
of passive permeability, modification of permeability, and
excitatory phenomena. This book will be of interest to all
investigators concerned with transport processes, to a large
group of biologists of various interests, and also to grad
students as an introduction to the problems of diffusion
uat~
and passive transport in general since a number of the papers
give a timely review of the subject.
Our thanks are due to all the speakers, particularly
also to those who contributed to this volume, as well as to
the chairmen and co-chairmen. Each of the sections mentioned
covered one day and every section was divided into two half
day sessions. The chairmen of the six half-day sessions were:
D.A. Haydon, A.J. Staverman, R.D. Keynes, D.C. Tosteson,
W. Wilbrandt, A.K. Solomon.
The success of any such meeting rests on the efforts
(often unnoticed) by many persons. We should like to express
our gratitude to the following persons and institutions
whose contributions were invaluable: Prof. Dr. H. Passow for
his continued help in organizing the program; the adminis
tration of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Nij
megen (particularly Misters J.J.M. de Leeuw and B.P. van de
Vorst); the Graphics Department of this faculty for printing
the programs; Merck, Sharp and Dohme Nederland N.V. for the
congress case with contents; Mr. C.H. van Os in his function
as co-chairman; Mr. Th.P.M. Huijs for projecting the slides;
several members of the Department of Physiology of the Uni
versity of Nijmegen, particularly Miss H.M. Korsmit and Miss
W.M. Moons who acted as secretaries before and during the
meeting; the Congress Bureau of the City of Rotterdam, par
ticularly Mr. J. Mas and Miss M. Bruens; the management of
PREFACE vii
the Hilton Hotel of Rotterdam, in particular Mr. R.M. Bausch
and Mr. C. van der Bijl, assistant manager; the acting Lord
Mayor of Rotterdam, Mr. H. van der Pols, and his aides;
Mr. H. Buil, Stencilinrichting, Millingen aan de Rijn, for
typing and laying out the typescripts; Plenum Publishing
Corporation for its continued help and advice in preparing
the book.
Nijmegen, The Netherlands F. Kreuzer
May 15, 1972
LIST OF SPEAKERS AT THE SYMPOSIUM AND OF CONTRIBUTORS TO
THIS VOLUME
BOLlS, L., Istituto di Fisiologia Generale, Universita di
Roma, Rome, Italy
BRANTON, D., Clare Hall, Cambridge, United Kingdom
CHAPMAN, D., Department of Chemistry, Sheffield University,
Sheffield, United Kingdom
CIANI, S.M., Department of Physiology, UCLA School of
Medicine, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
DeFELICE, L.J., Woodruff Medical Center, Emory University,
Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A.
DEMEL, R.A., Biochemisch Laboratorium, Vondellaan 26,
Utrecht, The Netherlands
DEUTICKE, B., Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty,
Technical University, Aachen, Germany
DUNHAM, P.B., Department of Biology, Syracuse University,
Syracuse, New York, U.S.A.
EISENMAN, G., Department of Physiology, UCLA School of
Medicine, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
ELLoRY, J.C., Agricultural Research Council, Institute of
Animal Physiology, Babraham, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
FARMER, R.E.L., Department of Physiology-Anatomy, University
of California, Berkeley, California, U.S.A.
FUCHS, W., Abteilung fur Membranforschung an Epithelien,
Second Department of Physiology, University of Saarland,
Homburg (Saar), Germany
ix
x LIST OF SPEAKERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
GEBHARDT, U., Abteilung fur Membranforschung an Epithelien,
Second Department of Physiology, University of Saarland,
Homburg (Saar), Germany
GULIK, T., Centre de Genetique Moleculaire, Gif-sur-Yvette,
France
HECKMANN, K., Fachbereich Chemie, Universitat Regensburg,
Regensburg, Germany
HOARE, D.G., Department of Biology, University of York,
Heslington, York, United Kingdom
HOFFMAN, J.F., Department of Physiology, Yale University,
School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A.
HDOFD, L.J.C., Department of Physiology, University of
Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
JOST, W., Department of Physical Chemistry, University of
Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany
KARAN, D.M., Department of Physiology-Anatomy, University
of California, Berkeley, California, U.S.A.
KEYNES, R.D., Agricultural Research Council, Institute of
Animal Physiology, Babraham, Cambridge, United Kingdom
KNAUF, P.A., Department of Physiology, School of Medicine,
Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A.
KREUZER, F., Department of Physiology, University of Nijmegen,
Nijmegen, The Netherlands
LAUF, P.K., Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Duke
University Medical Center, Durham, N.C., U.S.A.
LAUGER, P., Fachbereich Biologie, Universitat Konstanz,
Germany
LEAF, A., Departments of Medicine, Harvard Medical School,
and the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass.,
U.S.A.
LEVINE, Y.K., Medical Resedrch Council, Molecular Pharmaco
logy Unit,Medical School, Hills Road, Cambridge, United
Kingdom
LIST OF SPEAKERS AND CONTRIBUTORS xi
LINDEMANN. B• • Abteilung fur Membranforschung an Epithelien.
Second Department of Physiology. University of Saarland.
Homburg (Saarl. Germany
LULY. P •• Istituto di Fisiologia Generale. Universita di
Roma. Rome. Italy
LUZZATI. V• • Centre de Genetique Moleculaire. Gif-sur-Yvette.
France
MACEY. R.I •• Department of Physiology-Anatomy. University
of California. Berkeley. California. U.S.A.
MADDY. A.H •• Department of Zoology. University of Edinburgh.
Edinburgh. United Kingdom
MANNINEN, V• • The Wihuri Research Institute. Helsinki.
Finland
McLAUGHLIN. S.G.A •• Department of Physiology. UCLA School
of Medicine. Los Angeles, California. U.S.A.
MERYMAN. H.T •• American National Red Cross. Blood Research
Laboratory. Bethesda. Maryland. U.S.A.
MICHALIDES. J.P.L.M •• Department of Physiology. University
of Leiden. Leiden. The Netherlands
NAFTALIN. R.J. Department of Physiology. University of
Leicester, Leicester. United Kingdom
NOBLE. D• • Laboratory of Physiology. University of Oxford.
Oxford. United Kingdom
PASSOW. H• • Max-Planck-Institut fur Molekulare Genetik.
Ihnestrasse 63-73. Berlin. Germany
RADDA. G.K •• Department of Biochemistry. University of
Oxford. Oxford. United Kingdom
ROEDEL. H., Institute of Physiology, Biophysical Research
Group. Freie Universitat Berlin. Berlin. Germany
ROTHSTEIN, A., The Research Institute, The Hospital for
Sick Children, Toronto. Ontario. Canada