Biomembranes Part V: Cellular and Subcellular Transport: Epithelial Cells

980 Pages·1990·25.23 MB·English

by  Sidney Fleischer, Becca Fleischer (Eds.)

METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY
EDITORS-IN-CHIEF
John N. Abelson Melvin .I Simon
DIVISION OF BIOLOGY
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
PASADENA, CALIFORNIA
FOUNDING EDITORS
Sidney P. Colowick and Nathan O. Kaplan
Methods ni Enzymology
emuloV 191
senarbmemoiB
Part V
Cellular and Subcellular :tropsnarT
Epithelial Cells
EDITED BY
Sidney Fleischer
Becca Fleischer
TNEMTRAPED FO RALUCELOM YGOLOIB
TLIBREDNAV YTISREVINU
,ELLIVHSAN EESSENNET
lairotidE yrosivdA draoB
Ronald Kaback George Sachs
Yasuo Kagawa Antonio Scarpa
Martin Klingenberg Widmar Tanner
Robert L. Post Karl Ullrich
ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers
San Diego New York Boston
London Sydney Tokyo Toronto
Contributors to Volume 191
elcitrA numbers are in parentheses gniwollof the names of contributors.
snoitailiffA detsil are cur~nt.
MYLES A. AKABAS (33), Department of DANIEL BUTLEN (17), Laboratoire de Phy-
Medicine, College of Physicians & Sur- siologie Cellulaire, Coll~ge de France.
geons, Columbia University, New York, ,13257 Paris Cedex ,50 France
New York 23001 CATHERINE S. CHEW (36), Department of
QAIS AL-AWQATI (14, 33), Department of ,ygoloisyhP Morehouse School of Medi-
Medicine, College of Physicians & Sur- ,enic Atlanta, aigroeG 30310
geons, Columbia University, New York, DRAWDE J. CRA~OE, JR. (42), Department
New York 23001 of Medicine, University of ,ainavlysnneP
L. MARIO AMZEL (21), Department of Bio- ,aihpledalihP Pennsylvania 19104. and
physics, Johns Hopkins University School Merck, Sharp and Dohme Research Labo-
of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 50212 ,seirotar West Point, Pennsylvania 68491
DENNIS AUSIELLO (32), Renal Unit, Massa- WILLIAM H. DANTZLER (11), Department of
chusetts General Hospital and Department ,ygoloisyhP University of Arizona egelloC
of Medical Services, Harvard Medical of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona 85724
,loohcS Boston, Massachusetts 02114 DONALD F. DIEDRICrt (43), Department "Jo
SEMAJ R. SELTRAB (47), Department of ,IleC ygolocamrahP and Center for Membrane
,raluceloM and Structural ,ygoloiB North- ,secneicS University of Kentucky egelloC of
western University Medical School, Chi- Medicine. Lexington, Kentucky 40506
,ogac Illinois 11606 TREBOR W. DOMS (48), Laboratory of lariV
MARK K. TTENNEB (46), Department of -oiB ,sesaesiD National Institute of Allergy and
logical Sciences, Stanford University, Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of
,drofnatS ainrofilaC 50349 Health, Bethesda. Maryland 29802
KLAUS W. HCABNEYEB (11), Section of MICHAEL FIELD (44), Department of Medi-
Physiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, cine and ,ygoloisyhP College of snaicisyhP
,weN York 35841 & Surgeons, Columbia University, New
J. BmER (29), Institute of ,ygoloisyhP -revinU ,kroY New York, 23001
sity of Zftrich-Irchel, CH-8057 ,hcir2fZ E. FROMTER (2), Zentrum der ,eigoloisyhP
Switzerland Johann Wolfgang ,tMisrevinU-ehteoG
ANDR~ W. BP.ANDLI (46), Department of D-6000 Frankfurt~Main ,07 Federal Re-
Biochemistry and Biophysics, University public of Germany
of California-San Francisco, San Fran- JAN FRYKLUND (41), AB Hassle, Depart-
,ocsic ainrofilaC 34149 ment of ,ygoloiB S-431 83 ,ladnlOM Swe-
D~NNIS BROWN (32), Renal Unit, Massa- den
chusetts General Hospital, and Depart- YRREJ D. GARDNER (35), Digestive Diseases
ment of Pathology, Harvard Medical ,hcnarB National Institutes of Health, -eB
,loohcS Boston, Massachusetts 02114 ,adseht Maryland 20892
GERHARD BURCKHARDT (30), Max-Plank- R. GREGER (16, 45), sehcsigoloisyhP lnsti-
Institut ru°3 Biophysik, D-6000 Frankfurt/ rut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitdt, D-7800
Main ,07 Federal Republic of Germany ,grubierF Federal Republic of Germany
M. B. BURG (12), Laboratory of Kidney and WALTER G. GUDER (18), Institute of -inilC
Electrolyte Metabolism, National Insti- cal Chemistry, Bogenhausen City Hospi-
tutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland tal D-8000 Mfinchen ,18 Federal Republic
41802 of Germany
ix
x CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 191
MAILLIW B. GUGOINO (21), Department of M. A. REPPENK (12), Laboratory of Kidney
Physiology, Johns Hopkins University and Electrolyte Metabolism, National In-
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland stitutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
50212 41802
LRAC A. NESNAH (39), Department of Bio- H. LLESPEOK (25, 34), Max-Planck-lnstitut
chemistry and Biophysics, University of far Biophysik, D-6000 niaM~trufknarF ,07
Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Phila- Federal Republic of Germany
,aihpled Pennsylvania 40191
G. KOTTRA (2), Zentrum der ,eigoloisyhP
LBHCIM BL HIR (15), Zentrum far Lehre Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang -ehteoG
und ,gnuhcsroF ,latipssnotnaK 4031 ,lesaB ,tdtisrevinU D-6000 Frankfurt~Main ,07
Switzerland Federal Republic of Germany
LLBWOL E. HOT, NI (38), Department of J. I. OaBBSIE~IK (9), Departments of -lohtaP
,ygolocamrahP University of Wisconsin ygo and Medicine, The University of
Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin Texas Health Science Center at San An-
60735 ,oinot San Antonio, Texas 48287
LBAHCIM F. HORSTER (23), Institute of D. J. RBDNAL (40), Institute of Animal Phys-
,ygoloisyhP University of Munich, D-8000 ygoloi and Genetics Research, Cambridge
Munich, Federal Republic of Germany Research Station, Cambridge CB2 4AT,
NNA L. DRABBUH (47), Department of Cell England
Biology and Anatomy, Johns Hopkins
DLANOD W. YRDNAL (33), Department of
ytisrevinU School of Medicine, Baltimore,
Medicine, College of Physicians & Sur-
Maryland 50212
geons, Columbia University, New York,
INUKBI AWAKIHCI (7), Pediatric ,ygolorhpeN New York 23001
tlibrednaV University, Nashville, Tennes-
see 3 2327 SBLRAHC J. NBDSMUL (4), Membrane -loiB
ogy Group and Department of ,enicideM
IHSADAT INAGAMI (10), Department of -oiB
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
chemistry, Vanderbilt University School of
M5S ,8A1 Canada
Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 53273
NIBOR F. BNIVRI (40), Institute of Animal SAMOHT MAACK (19), Department of -isyhP
Physiology and Genetics Research, Cam- ,ygolo Cornell University Medical ,egelloC
bridge Research Station, Cambridge CB2 New York, New York 12001
A4 ,T England
K. MORTSMLAM (29), Institute of -loisyhP
ETTIGIRB GNILSSIAK (15), Anatomisches In- ,ygo University of ,lehcrI-hciriiZ CH-8057
stitut der ,tdtisrevinU University of -hcir~fZ ,hcir~fZ Switzerland
,lehcrI CH-8057 Zfirich, Switzerland
ENAID SdVAKRAM (21), Department of -syhP
S. J. D. HSILRAK (27), Department of Bio-
,ygoloi Johns Hopkins University School of
chemistry, Weizmann Institute, Rehovoth,
Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 50212
Israel
ROLF K. H. I(JNNB (22, 26), Max-Plank- ANAID RBVRAM (31), Department of -retnI
Institut far ,eigoloisyhpmetsyS 4600 -troD nal Medicine, University of Texas South-
mund, Federal Republic of Germany western Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
53257
EVAMARIA KINNE-SAFFRAN (26), Max-
Plank-Institut j~r Systemphysiologie, NAHTANOJ R. MONCX (39), Department of
Rheinlanddamm 201, 4600 Dortmund, Physiology and Biophysics, Mayo ,cinilC
Federal Republic of Germany ,retsehcoR Minnesota 20955
SAMOHT R. NAMYELK (42), Department of SIO~(NARF LBROM (17), Laboratoire de Phy-
Medicine, University of ,ainavlysnneP siologie Cellulaire, Coll~ge de France,
,aihpledalihP Pennsylvania 40191 ,13257 Paris Cedex ,50 France
CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 191 xi
E. Emc MUI~EAD (10), Department of -aP GERHARD RUM~CH (6), Max-Planck-
,ygoloht Baptist Memorial ,latipsoH Mem- lnstitut r~if Biophysik, D-6000 Frankfurt/
phis, eessenneT 38146 Main ,07 Federal Republic of ynamreG
H. MURER (29), Institute of ,ygoloisyhP -inU IVAN 2(ILOBAS (30), Department of -loisyhP
ytisrev of ,lehcrl-hcirtfZ CH-8057 Z~ich, ogy, ytisrevinU of ,bergaZ 41000 ,bergaZ
Switzerland aivalsoguY
MARX W. MUSCH (44), tnemtrapeD of Med- G. SACHS (27), Department of ygoloisyhP
,enici The ytisrevinU of ,ogacihC ,ogacihC and Medicine, University of -ainrofilaC
Illinois 60637 Los Angeles, Wadsworth AV Medical
SCOTT M. O'G~DY (44), Department of ,retneC Los ,selegnA ainrofilaC 37009
yranireteV Biology, University of Minne- SEMAJ A. SCHAFER (13, 20), ygolorhpeN Re-
,atos St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 hcraes and Training ,retneC stnemtrapeD
H. OBERLEITHNER (25), Department of of ygoloisyhP and ,scisyhpoiB and Medi-
Physiology, University of ,grubzr~W ,enic University of Alabama at Birming-
1)-8700 Wftrzburg, Federal Republic of ham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
ynamreG DETLEF FFRODNOLHCS (8), Renal ,noisiviD
tnemtrapeD of Medicine, Albert Einstein
C. HYuNG PARt (19), Department of -isyhP
egelloC of Medicine, Bronx, New York
,ygolo llenroC ytisrevinU Medical ,egelloC
16401
New York, New York 12001
B. SCHURlCHT (25), Department of -loisyhP
SEMAJ A. I~TCOCK (10), Department of -aP
ogy, University of W~rzburg, 1)-8700
,ygoloht Baptist Memorial ,latipsoH Mem-
,grubzr~W Federal Republic of ynamreG
phis, eessenneT 38146
A. BAWHCS (25), Department of ,ygoloisyhP
B. POSCHEL (25), Max-Plank-Institut fur ytisrevinU of ,grubzr~fW D-8700 -zr~fW
Biophysik, 1)-6000 Frankfurt/Main ,07
,grub Federal Republic of ynamreG
laredeF Republic of ynamreG
GEORGE J. ZTRAWHCS (14), stnemtrapeD of
GARY A. QUAMMr: (5), Division of -lorhpeN scirtaideP and ,scisyhpoiB~ygoloisyhP Al-
,ygo Department of Medicine, ytisrevinU treb Einstein egelloC of ,enicideM ,xnorB
of British Columbia, ,revuocnaV British New York 26401
Columbia V6T ,51411 adanaC
STEFAN SEIBlCr~ (34), Max-Planck-Institut
E. RAaON (27), Department of ygoloisyhP far Biophysik, 0006-)1 niaM~trufknarF ,07
and Medicine, University of -ainrofilaC laredeF Republic of ynamreG
Los Angeles, Wadsworth AV Medical
IHAB M. SHAFIX (5), Division of ,ygolorhpeN
,retneC Los ,selegnA ainrofilaC 37009
Department of Medicine, University of
HOWARD NESSUMSAR (37), Departments of British Columbia, ,revuocnaV British -oC
Internal ,enicideM Cell ,ygoloiB and -syhP lumbia V6T 1 ,SW adanaC
,ygoloi Yale University School of Medi- PATRICIO SILVA (3), Department of Medi-
,enic New Haven, tucitcennoC 06510 ,enic Joslin setebaiD ,retneC New England
REHPOTSIRHC REDHEAD (33), tnemtrapeD ssenocaeD Hospital and Harvard Medical
of ,enicideM egelloC of snaicisyhP & Sur- ,loohcS Boston, sttesuhcassaM 51220
geons, Columbia ,ytisrevinU New York, MELVIN NAMREVLIS (4), Membrane ygoloiB
New York 23001
puorG and Department of ,enicideM -inU
S. RESHrdN (29), Institute of ,ygoloisyhP ytisrev of ,otnoroT ~otnoroT Ontario M5S
ytisrevinU of ,lehcrI-hcir~Z CH-8057 Z~r- tAB, adanaC
,hci Switzerland N. L. SNOMMIS (24), tnemtrapeD of -oisyhP
WILTON A. LESTHO1R (10), Department of lacigol ,secneicS The Medical ,loohcS -inU
Patholog); Baptist Memorial Hospital, ytisrev of -nopu-eltsacweN ,enyT -eltsacweN
Memphis, eessenneT 64183 upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, England
xii CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 191
KAI SNOMIS (46), European Molecular Biol- ment of ,ygoloiB S-431 38 ,ladnlOM Swe-
ygo ,yrotarobaL D-6900 ,grebledieH Fed- ned
lare Republic of ynamreG ANGELA WANDINGER NESS (46), naeporuE
KARL OrCEROKS (32), Toronto lareneG -soH Molecular Biology Laboratory, D-6900
pital Division of ,ygolorhpeN ,otnoroT ,grebledieH Federal Republic of ynamreG
,otnoroT Ontario M5G 1L7, adanaC H. -J. ELAHPTSEW (25), tnemtrapeD of -syhP
1HSOYASAM ZONE (23), The Fourth -trapeD ,ygoloi University of ,grubzrtfW 0078-)1
ment of ,enicideM Tokyo Women's Medi- ,grubzr~fW Federal Republic of ynamreG
cal ,egelloC Tokyo, Japan JAMES C. ,SMAILLIW JR. (13, 20), -trapeD
D. A. TROYER (9), tnemtrapeD of ,ygolohtaP ment of Anatomy and Cell ,ygoloiB Medi-
The ytisrevinU of Texas Health Science lac ytisrevinU of South ,aniloraC -selrahC
Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, ,not South aniloraC 52492
Texas 48287 JOHN R. WILLIAMSON (39), Department of
Biochemistry and Biophysics, ytisrevinU
R. JAMES TURNER (28), Clinical -agitsevnI
of ainavlysnneP School of ,enicideM -alihP
tions and Patient Care Branch, National
,aihpled ainavlysnneP 40191
Institute of Dental ,hcraeseR National In-
stitutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland ELEIRBAG NHOSNEHTRIW (18), Institute of
29802 Clinical Chemistry, Bogenhausen City
,latipsoH D-8000 M~nchen ,18 Federal
KARL SUILUJ HCIRLLU (1, 6), Max-Planck-
Republic of ynamreG
lnstitut raJ Biophysik, D-6000 Frankfurt/
K. A. WrtE~6ETT (40), Institute of Animal
Main ,07 Federal Republic of ynamreG
ygoloisyhP and sciteneG ,hcraeseR Cam-
ALAN VERKMAN (32), Department of Medi- egdirb hcraeseR Station, Cambridge 2BC
cine and Division of ,ygolorhpeN -oidraC 4AT, England
ralucsav hcraeseR ,tinU ytisrevinU of -ilaC
P. A. W~Gnx (12), Laboratory of Kidney
fornia, San Francisco, San ,ocsicnarF
and etylortcelE Metabolism, National In-
ainrofilaC 34149
stitutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
RAKESn V~AYEK (35), Digestive sesaesiD 41802
,hcnarB National Institutes of Health, -eB AIDA DERAY (7), Division of cirtaideP -hpeN
,adseht Maryland 29802 ,ygolor Vanderbilt University School of
NROJB WALLMARK (41), AB ,elssdH -trapeD ,enicideM ,ellivhsaN eessenneT 23273
Preface
Biological transport is part of the Biomembranes series of Methods ni
Enzymology. It is a continuation of methodology concerned with mem-
brane function. This is a particularly good time to cover the topic of
biological membrane transport because there is now a strong conceptual
basis for its understanding. The field of transport has been subdivided into
five topics.
.1 Transport in Bacteria, Mitochondria, and Chloroplasts
2. ATP-Driven Pumps and Related Transport
3. General Methodology of Cellular and Subcellular Transport
4. Cellular and Subcellular Transport: Eukaryotic (Nonepithelial) Cells
.5 Cellular and Subcellular Transport: Epithelial Cells
Topic 1 covered in Volumes 521 and 621 initiated the series. Topic 2 is
covered in Volumes 651 and 157, Topic 3 in Volumes 171 and 172, and
Topic 4 in Volumes 371 and 174. The remaining topic 5 is now covered in
Volumes 191 and 192.
Topic 5 is divided into two parts: this volume (Part V) which covers
transport in kidney, hormonal modulation, stimulus secretion coupling,
pharmacological agents and targeting, and intraceUular trafficking in epi-
thelial cells, and Volume 291 (Part W) which deals with gastrointestinal and
a diversity of other epithelial cells.
We are fortunate to have the good counsel of our Advisory Board.
Their input insures the quality of these volumes. The same Advisory Board
has served for the complete transport series. Valuable input on the outlines
of the five topics was also provided by Qais A1-Awqati, Ernesto Carafoli,
Halvor Christensen, Isadore Edelman, Joseph Hoffman, Phil Knauf, and
Hermann Passow. Additional valuable input for Volumes 191 and 192 was
obtained from Michael Berridge, Eberhard FrOmter, Ari Helenius, and
Heine Murer.
The names of our advisory board members were inadvertently omitted
in Volumes 521 and 126. When we noted the omission, it was too late to
rectify the problem. For volumes 521 and 126, we are also pleased to
acknowledge the advice of Angelo Azzi, Youssef Hatefi, Dieter Oesterhelt,
and Peter Pedersen.
The enthusiasm and cooperation of the participants have enriched and
made these volumes possible. The friendly cooperation of the staff of
Academic Press is gratefully acknowledged. We are pleased to acknowledge
Ms. Laura Taylor for her tireless efforts and secretarial skills.
iiix
~V ECAFERP
These volumes are dedicated to Professor Sidney Colowick, a dear
friend and colleague, who died in 1985. We shall miss his wise counsel,
encouragement, and friendship.
YENDIS REHCSIELF
ACCEB REHCSIELF
METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY
EMULOV I. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes
Edited by YENDIS P. KCIWOLOC DNA NAHTAN O. NALPAK
EMULOV II. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes
Edited by YENDIS P. KCIWOLOC DNA NAHTAN O. NALPAK
EMULOV III. Preparation and Assay of Substrates
Edited by YENDIS P. KCIWOLOC DNA NAHTAN O. NALPAK
EMULOV IV. Special Techniques for the Enzymologist
Edited by YENDIS P. KCIWOLOC DNA NAHTAN O. NALPAK
EMULOV .V Preparation and Assay of Enzymes
Edited by YENDIS P. KCIWOLOC DNA NAHTAN O. NALPAK
EMULOV VI. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes )deunitnoC(
Preparation and Assay of Substrates
Special Techniques
by Edited YENDIS P. KClWOLOC DNA NAHTAN O. NALPAK
EMULOV VII. Cumulative Subject Index
by Edited YENDIS P. KCIWOLOC DNA NAHTAN O. NALPAK
EMULOV VIII. Complex Carbohydrates
Edited by HTEBAZILE F. DLEFUEN DNA ROTCIV GRUBSNIG
EMULOV IX. Carbohydrate Metabolism
Edited by SILLIW A. DOOW
EMULOV X. Oxidation and Phosphorylation
Edited by DLANOR W. KOORBATSE DNA DRANYAM .E NAMLLUP
EMULOV XI. Enzyme Structure
Edited by C. H. W. SRIH
EMULOV XlI. Nucleic Aci(dPsa rts A and )B
Edited by ECNERWAL NAMSSORG DNA K/VIE EVADLOM
XV
xvi METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY
EMULOV XIII. Citric Acid Cycle
detidE yb J. M. NIETSNEWOL
EMULOV XIV. Lipids
detidE yb J. M. NIETSNEWOL
EMULOV XV. Steroids and Terpenoids
detidE yb DNOMYAR B. NOTYALC
EMULOV XVI. Fast Reactions
detidE yb HTENNEK NITSUK
EMULOV XVII. Metabolism of Amino Acids and Amines (Parts A and B)
detidE yb TREBREH ROBAT DNA CELIA WHITE ROBAT
EMULOV XVIII. Vitamins and Coenzymes (Parts A, B, and C)
detidE yb DLANOD B. KCIMROCCM DNA LEUMEL D. THGIRW
EMULOV XIX. Proteolytic Enzymes
detidE yb EDURTREG E. NNAMLREP DNA OLZSAL DNAROL
EMULOV XX. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis (Part C)
detidE yb EIVdY EVADLOM DNA ECNERWAL NAMSSORG
EMULOV XXI. Nucleic Acids (Part D)
detidE yb ECNERWAL NAMSSORG DNA KIVIE EVADLOM
EMULOV XXII. Enzyme Purification and Related Techniques
detidE yb WILLIAM B. JAKOBY
EMULOV XXIII. Photosynthesis (Part A)
detidE yb YNOHTNA NAS ORTEIP
EMULOV XXIV. Photosynthesis and Nitrogen Fixation (Part B)
detidE yb YNOHTNA NAS ORTEIP
EMULOV XXV. Enzyme Structure (Part B)
detidE yb C. H. W. HIRS DNA EGRES N. FFEHSAMIT
EMULOV XXVI. Enzyme Structure (Part C)
detidE yb C. H. W. HIRS DNA EGRES N. FFEHSAMIT