Biomembranes - Part H: Visual Pigments and Purple Membranes - I

793 Pages·1982·23.745 MB·English

by  Sidney Fleischer and Lester Packer (Eds.)

Contributors to Volume 81
Article numbers are in parentheses following the names of contributors.
Affiliations listed are current.
E. W. ABRAHAMSON (67, 94), Department CHRISTIAN BAUMANN (3), Physiologisches
of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Institut, Justus Liebig-Universitdt, D-
Guelph, Ontario NIG 2WI, Canada 6300 Giessen, Federal Republic of Ger-
many
ALOlS J. ADAMS (11), Department of Elec-
tronics and Instrumentation, Graduate D. A. BAYLOR (56), Department of Neuro-
Institute of Technology, University of Ar- biology, Stanford Medical School, Stan-
kansas, Little Rock, Arkansas 30227 ,droif ainr~ifilaC 50349
L. ADERS (15), Department of Pathology, E~IDYAH E. PASCUAL ED BAZAN (103), De-
Indiana University School of Medicine, partment of Biochemistry, Louisiana
Indianapolis, Indiana 32264 State University Medical Center School
of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
G. AGU1RRE (15), Section of Ophthalmol-
21107
ogy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, NICOLAS G. BAZAN (103), Department of
Pennsylvania 47191 Ophthalmology, Louisiana State Univer-
sity Eye Center, Medical Center School of
1KAOYOT AKINO (47), Department of Bio-
Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 21107
chemistry, Sapporo Medical College,
Sapporo 060, Japan ELAINE R. BERMAN (13, 16), Ophthalmic
Biochemistry Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew
RICHARD A. ALVAREZ (63), Cullen Eve In-
University Medical School, Jerusalem
stitute and Program ni Neuroscience, De-
,00019 Israel
partment of Ophthalmology, Baylor Col-
lege of Medicine, Texas Medical Center, GARY O. BERNARD (99), Department of
Houston, Texas 03077 Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale
University School of Medicine, New
ROBERT E. ANDERSON (44, 105), Cullen Eye
Haven, Connecticut 01560
Institute and Program ni Neuroscience,
Baylor College of Medicine, "saxeT Medi- MARK W. BITENSKY (71), Department of
cal Center, Houston. Texas 03077 Pathology, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 01560
M. L. APPLEBURY (50), Department of Bio-
chemical Sciences, Princeton University, DEAN BOK (43, 100), Jules Stein Eye Insti-
Princeton, New Jersey 44580 tute, and Department of Anatomy, UCLA
School of Medicine, Los Angeles, Califor-
ARABRAB N. BAKER (52), Institute of Molec-
nia 42009
ular Biophysics, Florida State University,
Tallahassee, Florida 60323 TOM BORYS (67), Department of Chemistry,
University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario
Y. BARENHOLZ (91), Department of -DiB
NIG 2WI, Canada
chemistry, University of Virginia School
of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia DERIC BOWNDS (31), Department of Zool-
,80922 and Department of Biochemistry, ogy, Laboratory of Molecular Biology,
Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis-
School, Jerusalem ,00019 Israel consin 60735
SCOTT F. BASINGER (101), Cullen Eye Insti- J. BRETON (82), Service ed Biophysique, D(-
tute and Program ni Neuroscience, Bay- partement de Biologie, Center d'Etudes
lot College of Medicine, Texas Medical NuclPaires de Saclay, 91190 Gif sur
Center, Houston, Texas 03077 Yvette, France
xiii
xiv CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 81
C. D. B. BRIDGES (12, 20, 63), Cullen Eye WILLEM J. DE GRIP (30, 33, 38), Depart-
Institute and Program ni Neuroscience, ment of Biochemistry, University of Nij-
Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor megen, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Nether-
College of Medicine, Texas Medical Cen- lands
ter, Houston, Texas 03077
PHILIPPE F. DEVAUX (95), lnstitat ed Biolo-
MICHAEL F. BROWN (96), Department of gie Physico-Chimique, 31 eur Pierre et
Chemistry, University of Virginia, Char- Marie Curie, 50057 Paris, France
lottesville, Virginia 10922
G. W. DE ValES (14, 69), Department of
WILLIAM F. CARLSEN (90), Department of Pharmacology, Washington University
Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
School of Medicine, Stanford, California 01136
50349
EDWARD A. DRATZ (18, 19, 40, 92, 96, 106),
MARC CHABRE (81, 82, 98), Laboratoire ed Chemistry Board of Studies, Division of
Biologie Moldculaire et Cellulaire, D& Natural Sciences, University of Califor-
partement ed Recherche Fondamentale, nia, Santa Cruz, California 46059
Centre d'Etades Nucldaires ed Grenoble,
Egll< H. S. DRENTHE (48), Department of
14083 Grenoble Cedex, France
Biochemistry, University of Nijmegen,
ALAN COOPER (41), Department of Chemis- 6500 HB Nijmegen, The "sdnalrehteN
try, Glasgow University, Glasgow GI2
H. DREYFUS (45), Unitd 44 INSERM,
8QQ, Scotland
Centre de Neurochimie du CNRS, 5 rue
JOSEPH M. CORLESS (80), Departments of Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex,
Anatomy and Ophthalmology, Duke Uni- France
versity Medical Center, Durham, North
ROBERT E. DRZYMALA (89), Department of
Carolina 01772
Biological Chemistry, University of Mary-
M. JOSEPH COSTELLO (80), Department of land School of Medicine, Baltimore,
Anatomy, Duke University Medical Cen- Maryland 10212
ter, Durham, North Carolina 01772
RICHARD M. EAr, NI (2), Department of Zo-
FREDERICK CRESCITELLI (27), Department ology, University of California, Berkeley,
of Biology, University of California, Los California 02749
Angeles, California 42009
Ross B. EDWARDS (6), Berman-Gund Labo-
DONNA R. CURTIS (37), Department of ratory for the Study of Retinal Degenera-
Medical Biochemistry, School of Medi- tions, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
cine, and Department of Chemistry and Massachusetts 41120
Biochemistry, College of Science, South-
nre Illinois University at Carbondale, ANN TAVORMINA EVANCZUK (72), The
Carbondale, Illinois 10926 Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, Cal-
ifornia 54209
MICHAEL A. CUSANOVICH (59), Department
of Biochemistry, University of Arizona, LEI YEN FAGER (25), Department of Physi-
Tucson, Arizona 12758 ology, University of Virginia Medical
School, Charlottesville, Virginia 80922
FRANS J. M. DAEMEN (17, 33, 48), Depart-
ment of Biochemistry, University of Nij- ROGER S. FAGER (25, 42, 79), Department of
megen, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Nether- Physiology, University of Virginia Medi-
lands cal School, Charlottesville, Virginia
80922
ALAN J. DEESE (96), Division of Natural
Sciences, University of California, Santa DEBORA B. FARBER (65, 75),Jules Stein Eye
Cruz, California 46059 Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, Los
CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 18 xv
Angeles, California 90024, and Veterans ogy, Faculty of Science, Osaka Univer-
Administration Medical Center, Sepul- sity, Toyonaka, Osaka 560, Japan
veda, California 34319
TOMIVUKI HAM (29, 108), Department of
CHRISTOPHER C. FARNSWORTH (19), De- Biology, Faculty of Science, Osaka Uni-
partment of Chemistry, Division of Natu- versity, Toyonaka, Osaka 560, Japan
ral Sciences, University of ,ainroJilaC
PAUL A. HARGRAVE (31, 32, 37), Depart-
Santa Cruz, ainrb~ilaC 46059
ment of Medical Biochemistry, School of
LYNETTE FEENEY-BURNS (16), Department Medicine, and Department of Chemistry
of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri and Biochemistry, College of Science,
School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri Southern Illinois University at Carbon-
21256 dale, Carbondale, Illinois 10926
J. A. FERRENDELLI (14, 69), Departments of FERENC I. HAROSl (86), Laboratory of Sen-
Neurology, Pharmacology, and Ophthal- sory Physiology, Marine Biological Labo-
mology, Washington University School of ratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 01136 ,34520 and Department of Physiology,
Boston University School of Medicine,
DARRELL FLEISCHMAN (70), Charles F. Ket-
Boston, Massachusetts 81120
tering Research Laboratory, Yellow
Springs, Ohio 78354 S. HARTH (45), Unit( 44 INSERM, Centre
ed Neurochimie ud CNRS, 5 eur Blaise
SHAO-LIN6 FONG (12, 20, 37), Cullen Eye
Pascal, 48076 Strasbourg Cedex, France
Institute, Department of Ophthalmology,
Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Medi- YRAMESOR T. HOFFMAN (101), Cullen Eye
cal Center, Houston, Texas 03077 Institute and Program ni Neuroscience,
Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Medi-
MICHIKO N. FUKUDA (32), Division of Bio-
cal Center, Houston, Texas 03077
chemical Oncology, Fred Hutchinson
Cancer Research Center, University of KEELUNG HONG (22), Cancer Research In-
Washington, Seattle, Washington 40189 stitute, University of California, San
Francisco, Calibrnia 34149
BERNARD KWog-KEUNG FUNG (39), De-
partment of Radiation Biology and Bio- WAYNE L. HUBBELL (22, 39), Department
physics, ehT University of Rochester of Chemistry, University of ,ainrb~ilaC
Medical Center, Rochester, New York Berkeley, ainr~ifilaC 02749
24641 JAMES B. HURLEY (73), Department of
WALTER GODCHAUX III (9, 77), Biological Structural Biology, Stanford University
Sciences Group, The University of Con- School of Medicine, StanJbrd, California
necticut, Storrs, Connecticut 86260 50349
TIMOTHY H. GOLDSMITH (4), Department WOLFGANG JUNGE (78), Schwerpunkt Bio-
of Biology, Yale University, New Haven, physik, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie,
Connecticut 11560 Universitdt Osnabr~ck, D-4500 Osna-
briick, Federal Republic of Germany
FRANCES M. HAGINS (7), Laboratory of
Chemical Physics, National Institute of ELIZABETH JUSZCZAK (37), Department of
Arthritis, Metabolism and Digestive Dis- Medical Biochemistry, School of Medi-
eases, Bethesda, Maryland 50202 cine, and Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, College of Science, South-
MICHAEL O. HALL (43), Jules Stein Eye In- nre Illinois University at Carbondale,
stitute, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Carbondale, Illinois 10926
Angeles, ainr~ifilaC 42009
YOSHIKAZU KANDA (ll0), Second Depart-
REIKO HARA (29, 108), Department of Biol- ment of Biochemistry., Nippon Medical
xvi CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 81
School, 5-1-1 Sengagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, GREGORY I. Llou (20), Cullen Eye Institute
Jap a n and Program ni Neuroscience, Depart-
MICHAEL W. KAPLAN (88), Department of ment of Ophthalmology, Baylor College
Ophthalmology, Neurological Sciences of Medicine, Texas Medical Center,
Institute, Good Samaritan Hospital and Houston, Texas 03077
Medical Center, Portland, Oregon 01279 BURTON J. LITMAN (10, 23, 46, 79, 84, 91),
U. BENJAMIN KAUPP (78), Schwerpunkt Department of Biochemistry, University
Biophysik, Fachbereich Biologie /Che- of Virginia School of Medicine, Char-
mie, Universitfit Osnabrfick, D-4500 Os- lottesville, Virginia 80922
nabrfick, Federal Republic of Germany ROBERT S. H. LIU (93), Department of
PAUL KILBRIDE (74), Department of Oph- Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Hono-
lulu, Hawaii 22869
thalmology, Eye and Ear Infirmary of the
University of Illinois Hospital, Chicago, ELLIS R. LOEW (87), Department of Physi-
Illinois 21606 ology, New York State College of Veteri-
nary Medicine, and Division of Biological
YuJI KITO (7, 26), Department of Biology,
Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca,
Faculty of Science, Osaka University,
New York 35841
Toyonaka, Osaka 560, Japan
RICHARD N. LOLLEY (5, 65, 75), Develop-
PETER J. KNUDSEN (22), The Biological
Laboratories, Harvard University, Bos- mental Neurology Laboratory, Veterans
Administration Medical Center, Sepul-
ton, Massachusetts 83120
veda, California 91343, and Department
T. KOBAYASHi (51), Department of Physics, of Anatomy and Jules Stein Eye Institute,
Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles,
3-Chome Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo ,311
California 42009
Japan
O. H. LOWRY (14), Department of Pharma-
ALLEN KROPF (54), Department of Chemis-
cology, Washington University School of
try, Amherst College, Amherst, Massa-
Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 01136
chusetts 20010
J. HUGH McDOWEEL (31, 37), Department
HERMANN KOHN (64, 76), Institut ffir
of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medi-
Neurobiologie der Kernforschungsanlage
cine, and Department of Chemistry and
Jfilich, 0715-D Jiilich, Federal Republic of
Biochemistry, College of Science, South-
Germany
nre Illinois University at Carbondale,
HELMUT LANGER (28, 97), Institute for Zoo- Carbondale, Illinois 10926
physiology, Ruhr-Universitiit, Bochum,
P. MANDEL (45), Unit~ 44 INSERM, Centre
D-4630 Bochum ,1 Federal Republic of
de Neurochimie du CNRS, 5 rue Blaise
Germany
Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
DENIS LARRIVEE (4), Department of Biol-
GHEORGHE D. MATEESCU (94), Department
ogy, Benedictine College, Atchison, Kan-
of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve Uni-
sas 10066
versity, Cleveland, Ohio 60144
REHWA H. LEE (65), Department of Anat-
omy, UCLA School of Medicine, Los An- HIROYUKI MATSUMOTO (24, 93), Depart-
geles, California ,42009 and Veterans Ad- ment of Biological Sciences, Purdue Uni-
ministration Medical Center, Sepulveda, versity, West Lafayette, Indiana 70974
ainrb~ilaC 34319
M. MICHEL-VILLAZ (82), Laboratoire ed
PAUL A. LIEBMAN (72, 89), Department of Biologie Mol~culaire et Cellulaire, -~D
Anatomy, University of Pennsylvania partement ed Recherche Fondamentale,
School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Penn- Centre d'l~tudes Nucldaires de Grenoble,
sylvania 11191 14083 Grenoble Cedex, France
CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 81 xvii
NAOMASA MIK! (71), Department of Phar- logical Sciences, Purdue University, West
macology, Cancer Research Institute, Lafayette, lndiana 70974
Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara- DAVID S. PAPERMASTER (8, 32, 35), Depart-
machi, Kanazawa 920, Japan ment of Pathology, Yale University
GEORGE P. MItJANICH (40, 106), Depart- School of Medicine, New Haven, Con-
ment of Biochemistry and Biophysics, necticut 01560
University of ,ainrbJilaC San Francisco, DAVID R. PEPPERBERG (61), Department of
ainr~ifilaC 34149 Biological Sciences, Purdue University,
YASUTOSHI MUTO (110), First Department West Lafayette, Indiana 70974
of Internal Medicine, GiJu University JORDAN S. POBER (34), Department of Pa-
School of Medicine, 04 Tsukasa-machi, thology, Brigham and Women's Hospital,
Gifu City, Japan Boston, Massachusetts 51120
S. NAGAKURA, (51), lnstitutebr Molecular H. WILLIAM READING (104), MRC Brain
Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444, Metabolism Unit, University Department
Japan of Pharmacology, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ,
TAKAYUKI NAITO (26), Department of Biof Scotland
ogy, Faculty of Science, Osaka Univer- P. M. RENTZEPIS (50), Bell Laboratories,
sity, Toyonaka, Osaka 560, Japan Murray Hill, New Jersey 47970
Kozo NARITA (36), lnstitute r~if Protein Re- JOhN C. SAARI (107), Department of Oph-
search, Osaka University, Toyonaka,
thalmology, University of Washington
Osaka 560, Japan School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
KAZUKO NASHIMA (26), Department of -iB 59189
ology, Faculty of Science, Osaka Univer-
ROBERT A. SACV, (66), Department of Bio-
sity, Toyonaka, Osaka 560, Japan
logical Sciences, State University of New
PETER P. NEMES (18, 40), Oakes College, York College of Optometry, New York,
University of ,ainrb¢ilaC Santa Craz, Cal- New York 010OI
ifornia 46059
H. SAIaIL (82), Department of Biophysics,
G. N. NOLL (60), Institute of Physiology, University of London, King's College,
Justus-Liebig University, 6300 Giessen, London WC 2B 5RL, England
Federal Republic of Germany
PETER SCHLECHT (97), lnstitute fbr Zoophy-
B. NUNN (56), Department "fo Neurobio- siology, Ruhr-Universitiit, Bochum, -D
Iogy, Stanbrd Medical School, Stanford, 0364 Bochum I, Federal Republic of -reG
ainrbJilaC 50349 many
DAWD F. O'BRmN (53), The Research Lab- R. J. SCHNELL (15), Dental Materials Sec-
oratories, Eastman Kodak Company, tion, School of Dentistry, Indiana Univer-
Rochester, New York 05641 sity, Indianapolis, Indiana 32264
PAUL J. O'BRIEN (21, 102), Laboratory of PAUL P. M. SCHNETKAMP (17), Department
Vision Research, National Eye Institute, of Chemistry, University of California,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Berkeley, California 02749
Maryland 50202
JOACHIM SCHWEMER (28, 97), Institute r~if
H. BEVERLEY OSBORNE (98), Laboratoire Zoophysiology, Ruhr-UniversitiJt, Bo-
de Biologie Moldculaire et Cellulaire, -~D chum, D-4630 Bochum ,1 Federal Repub-
partement ed Recherche Fondamentale, cil of Germany
Centre d'Etudes Nucldaires de Grenoble,
TAKAHARU SEKI (7), Department of Biol-
14083 Grenoble Cedex, France
ogy, Faculty "f~ Science, Osaka Univer-
WILLIAM L. PAK (57), Department of Bio- sity, Toyonaka, Osaka 560, Japan
xviii CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 81
HITOSHI SHICHI (ll, 36, 62), Institute of ANDREW T. C. TSIN (20), Division of Allied
Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Health and Life Sciences, University of
Rochester, Michigan 36084 Texas, San Antonio, Texas 58287
YOSHINORI SHICHIDA (49, 85), Department MOTOYUKI TSUDA (55), Department of
of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Kyoto Physics, Sapporo Medical College, Sap-
University, Kyoto 606, Japan poro 060, Japan
YOSHIHIRO SHIDOJI (110), Department of SUSUMU TSUNASAWA (36), lnstituteJor Pro-
Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, tein Research, Osaka University, Osaka
Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, .065 Japan
1-3-7 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113,
RAINER UHL (67), Max-Planck-lnstitut far
Japan
Biophysikalische Chemie, D-3400 -nittOG
JOHN W. SHRIVER (94), Department of -DiB gen, Federal Republic of Germany
chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmon-
N. VIRMAUX-COLIN (45), Unitd 44 IN-
ton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H7
SEAM, Centre de Neurochimie du
A. N. SIAKOTOS (15), Department of Pathol- CNRS, 5 eur Blaise Pascal, 67084 Stras-
ogy, Indiana University School of Medi- bourg Cedex, France
cine, Indianapolis, Indiana 32264
JANET K. WANG (31), Department of Medi-
LARRY A. SKLAR (92), Department of Im- cal Biochemistry, School of Medicine,
munopathology, Scripps Clinic and Re- and Department of Chemistry and Bio-
search Foundation, La Jolla, California chemistry, College of Science, Southern
73029 Illinois University at Carbondale, Car-
bondale, Illinois 10926
H. GILBERT SMITH, JR. (10, 79), Advanced
Techniques Laboratory, GTE, Inc., HENRY L. WEINER (89), Yale University
Waltham, Massachusetts 45120 School of Medicine, New Haven, Con-
necticut 01560
ROaERT L. SOMERS (62), Laboratory of Vi-
sion Research, National Eye Institute, REX D. WIEGAND (44), Cullen Eve Institute
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Program ni Neuroscience, Baylor
Maryland 50202 College of Medicine, Texas Medical Cen-
ter, Houston, Texas 03077
LUBERT STAYER (90), Department of Struc-
tural Biology, Stanford University School URSULA WILDEN (64), lnstitut for Neuro-
of Medicine, Stanford, ainr~ifilaC 50349 biologie der Kernfi~rschungsanlage Jii-
lich, D-5170 Jiilich, Federal Republic of
MINORU TANAKA (11), Department of Oph-
Germany
thalmology, Juntendo Medical College,
Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan THEODORE P. WILLIAMS (52), Institute of
SCOTT M. THACHER (68), Department of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State Uni-
versity, Tallahassee, Florida 60323
Physiology, Laboratory of Toxicology,
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston. D. L. WORCESTER (81), lnstitut Max noy
Massachusetts 51120 Laud-Paul Langevin, 38042 Grenoble,
DAVID D. THOMAS (90), Department of -DiB France
chemistry, University of Minnesota Eicm YAMADA (1, 109), Department of
School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minne- Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Univer-
sota 55455 sity of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku,
H.-W. TRISSL (58), Schwerpunkt Biophysik, Tokyo 113, Japan
Fachbereich Biologie /Chemie. Universi- AKIO YAMAZAKI (71), Department of Pa-
tiit Osnabriick, D-4500 Osnabriick, Fed- thology, Yale University School of Medi-
eral "cilbupeR of Germany cine, New Haven, Connecticut 01560
CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 81 xix
S. IMAKIHSOY (60), Laboratory of Chemical KUYH UY (83), Department of Chemistry,
Physics, National Institute of Arthritis, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis-
Metabolism and Digestive Diseases, -eB consin 60735
thesda, Maryland 50202
MAILLIW F. NAM~IEMM~Z (9, 77), Depart-
UR)tT AWAZIHSOY (24, 49, 85), Department ment of Biology, Amherst College. Am-
of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Kyoto herst, Massachusetts 20010
University, Kyoto 606, Japan
Preface
The study of retinoproteins associated with invertebrate and verte-
brate visual photoreceptors and bacteria has gathered considerable mo-
mentum in recent years. This progress has been made possible by the de-
velopment of new methods of membrane research and new physical and
chemical techniques that have proved particularly useful for the investiga-
tion of retinoproteins. Increased interest in retinoproteins has also been
greatly enhanced by the discovery of new and interesting pigments asso-
ciated with visual photoreceptors or energy transformations in bacteria.
Until recently, however, no attempt has been made to bring together in
one volume the methodologies used for the study of these pigments. In
this volume, Part H, we have attempted to meet this need by collecting
brief but incisive descriptions of the state-of-the-art methods for the study
of visual pigments. The majority of articles, therefore, are brief and to-
the-point descriptions of specific methods and techniques. Included are
sections on the isolation and characterization of visual pigments, protein
chemistry, chemical composition and modification, responses of visual
pigments to light, electrical responses in visual photoreceptors, enzymes
associated with the visual photoreceptor membranes and their light acti-
vation, physical methods specifically useful for retinal photoreceptor
studies, and methodologies for studying biogenesis of the photoreceptor
cells and their components. In our attempt to be comprehensive, a select
number of overview articles have been included to provide background
information. Finally, a short section on retinoproteins in invertebrate and
vertebrate systems which have not been covered in other volumes in this
series has also been included. Our hope is that this collection will prove
useful to students and new investigators and will aid progress in this excit-
ing field of research.
We have encountered tremendous enthusiasm in bringing together this
volume of "Methods in Enzymology." For this, we would like to acknowl-
edge the Editorial Advisory Board for their wisdom in the selection of the
contributors to this volume. In particular, special thanks must be given to
Edward A. Dratz and Tom Ebrey for many hours of valuable dialogue and
for their help in the conception and development of this project, and to
Aaron Lewis and Trru Yoshizawa for advice and encouragement. I would
also like to express my thanks to two talented assistants, Ms. Brenda
Soares and Mr. John Hazlett, who helped with the organizational and edi-
torial work involved in assembling this volume.
In Volume 88, methods for the study of halobacteria, bacteriorhodopsin,
purple membranes, and halorhodopsin will be covered. There will be sec-
ixx
xxii PREFACE
tions on physical and chemical methods common to the study of all retino-
proteins, including preparation and use of model chromophores, reso-
nance Raman and other spectroscopic techniques, as well as overviews
on molecular structure and theories of color.
LESTER PACKER
METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY
DETIDE YB
Sidney .P Colowick and Nathan O. Kaplan
VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
SCHOOL OF MEDICINE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE AT SAN DIEGO
LA JOLLA, CALIFORNIA
I. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes
II. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes
III. Preparation and Assay of Substrates
.VI Special Techniques for the Enzymologist
.V Preparation and Assay of Enzymes
VI. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes )deunitnoC(
Preparation and Assay of Substrates
Special Techniques
VII. Cumulative Subject Index
iiixx