Table Of Content

T Biomedicine the in Twentieth Century: and Practices, Policies, Politics Caroline Hannaway editor ios Press I I Biomedicine the in Twentieth Century: and Practices, Policies, Politics - Biomedical and Health Research Volume 72 0. Recentlypublishedinthisseries: Vol.71. J.-F.Stoltz(Ed.),CardiovascularBiology:EndothelialCellinHealthandHypertension— Volume 1 Vol.70. J. Buckwalter,M.LotzandJ.-F.Stoltz(Eds.),Osteoarthritis,InflammationandDegradation: AContinuum Vol.69. K. Baskurt,M.R. Hardeman,M.W. RamplingandH.J. Meiselman (Eds.),Handbookof HemorheologyandHemodynamics Vol.68. J.-F.Stoltz(Ed.),Mechanobiology:CartilageandChondrocyte-Volume4 Vol.67. R.J.Schwartzman, DifferentialDiagnosisinNeurolog)' Vol.66. H.Strasser(Ed.),TraditionalRatingofNoiseVersusPhysiologicalCostsofSoundExposures totheHearing Vol.65. T.Silverstone,EatingDisordersandObesity: HowDrugsCanHelp Vol.64. S. Eberhardt,C.StoklossaandJ.-M.GrafvonderSchulenberg(Eds.), EUROMET2004: TheInfluenceofEconomicEvaluationStudiesonHealthCareDecision-Making- AEuropeanSurvey Vol.63. M1.. ParveenandS. Kumar(Eds.), RecentTrendsintheAcetylcholinesteraseSystem Vol.62. LG. Farreras,C. HannawayandV.A. Harden (Eds.),Mind,Brain,Body,andBehavior FoundationsofNeuroscienceand Behavioral ResearchattheNational InstitutesofHealth Vol.61. J.-F.Stoltz (Ed.),Mechanobiology: CartilageandChondrocyte-Volume3 Vol.60. J.-M.GrafvonderSchulenburgandM. Blanke(Eds.),RationingofMedicalServicesin Europe:An EmpiricalStudy-AEuropeanSurvey Vol. 59. M.Wolmanand R.Manor, Doctors’ErrorsandMistakesofMedicine:MustHealth CareDeteriorate? Vol. 58. S. HolmandM.Jonas(Eds.), EngagingtheWorld:TheUseofEmpiricalResearchin Bioethicsand theRegulationofBiotechnolog)’ Vol. 57. A. NosikovandC.Gudex (Eds.),EUROHIS: DevelopingCommonInstrumentsfor HealthSurveys Vol. 56. P.ChauvinandtheEuropromedWorkingGroup(Eds.), PreventionandHealthPromotion fortheExcludedand theDestitutein Europe Vol. 55. J. MatsoukasandT.Mavromoustakos(Eds.),DrugDiscoveryandDesign:MedicalAspects Vol. 54. M. Shapiro, B.D. Boyanand H.C.Anderson (Eds.),TheGrowth Plate Vol. 53. C. Huttin (Ed.), PatientChargesandDecision MakingBehavioursofConsumers and Physicians Vol. 52. J.-F.Stoltz(Ed.),Mechanobiology: CartilageandChondrocyte,Vol.2 Vol. 51. G. Lebeer(Ed.), EthicalFunctionin Hospital EthicsCommittees Vol. 50. R. Busse,M.Wismarand P.C. Berman (Eds.),TheEuropeanUnionand HealthServices Vol.49. T. Reilly(Ed.),Musculoskeletal Disordersin Health-RelatedOccupations Vol.48. H. ten HaveandR.Janssens(Eds.), PalliativeCarein Europe-ConceptsandPolicies Vol.47. H.AldskogiusandJ. Fraher(Eds.),GlialInterfacesin theNervousSystem-Rolein Repair and Plasticity ISSN0929-6743 Biomedicine the in Twentieth Century: and Practices, Policies, Politics Caroline Hannaway editor 2008 IOS Press Amsterdam • Berlin • Oxford • Tokyo • Washington, D.C. ©2008,CarolineHannaway Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutpriorwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher. ISBN978-1-58603-832-8 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2008920118 Publisher lOSPress NieuweHemweg6B 1013 BG Amsterdam TheNetherlands fax: +31 206203419 e-mail:[email protected] Distributorin theUKand Ireland GazelleBooksServicesLtd. WhiteCrossMills Hightown LancasterLAI 4XS United Kingdom fax: +44 152463232 e-mail:[email protected] Distributorin theUSAandCanada lOSPress, Inc. 4502 RachaelManorDrive Fairfax,VA22032 USA fax: +1 7033233668 e-mail: [email protected] LEGALNOTICE Thepublisherisnotresponsiblefortheusewhich mightbemadeofthefollowinginformation. PRINTEDINTHENETHERLANDS In Honor ofVictoriaA. Harden founding Director ofthe Office ofNIH History (1986-2006) Champion ofthe History ofTwentieth-Century Biomedicine