Biomedical Science and Technology: Recent Developments in the Pharmaceutical and Medical Sciences PDF
Preview Biomedical Science and Technology: Recent Developments in the Pharmaceutical and Medical Sciences
Biomedical Science and Technology Recent Developments in the Pharmaceutical and Medical Sciences Biomedical Science and Technology Recent Developments in the Pharmaceutical and Medical Sciences Edited by A. Atilla Htncal and H. Siiheyla Ka§ Hacettepe University Ankara, Turkey Springer Science+Business Media, LLC Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Biomedical science and technology: recent developments in the pharmaceutical and medical sciences / edited by A. Atilla Hmcal and H. Siiheyla ~ p. cm. "Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Biomedical Science and Technol- ogy, held September 15-17, 1997, in Istanbul, Turkey"-T.p. verso. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4613-7440-4 ISBN 978-1-4615-5349-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-5349-6 1. Biomedical engineering-Congresses. 2. Medical technology-Congresses. 3. Pharma ceutical technology-Congresses. 4. Biotechnology-Congresses. I. Hmcal, A. Atilla. II. Kaj, H. Siiheyla. III. International Symposium on Biomedical Science and Technology (4th: 1997: Istanbul, Turkey) [DNLM: 1. Technology, Pharmaceutical congresses. 2. Thchnology, Medical congresses. QV 778 B6155 1998] R856.A2B577 1998 610' .28--dc21 DNLM/DLC 98-22345 for Library of Congress CIP Proceedings ofthe Fourth International Symposium on Biomedical Science and Technology, held September 15-17, 1997, in Istanbul, Turkey ISBN 978-1-4613-7440-4 © 1998 Springer Science+Business Media New York OriginalIy published by Plenum Press, New York in 1998 http://www.plenum.com 1098765432 1 AII rights reserved N o part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher BIOMED-4 The Fourth International Symposium on Biomedical Science and Technology SYMPOSIUM COORDINATORS E. Pi~kin Hacettepe University V. Haslrcl Middle East Technical University INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE U. Akbulut TR H. S. Ka~ TR G. Alaeddinoglu TR R. Langer USA S. Benita IL T. Nagai J G. Gregoriadis UK E. Pi~kin TR M.1. Groves USA D. Poncelet F N. Haslrcl TR Y. P. Tan TR V. Haslrcl TR A. Turner TR 1. Heller USA Y. Ulcay TR A. A. Hmcal TR D. L. Wise USA LOCAL ORGANISING COMMITTEE A. Araman Istanbul University B. Anca Hacettepe University S. <::ah~ Hacettepe University A.A.Hmcal Hacettepe University H. S. Ka~ Hacettepe University F. Oner Hacettepe University L. Oner Hacettepe University UNDER THE AUSPICES OF • TlmiTAK-The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey • Marmara University • Hacettepe University Development Foundation v • Fako ila91an • Pharmacia Upjohn • Planta Pharma • Ali Raifila9 San. A.~. • Berksam i1a9 Tic. A.~. • Bilim i1a9 Sanayii • Karadeniz Ecza Deposu • Organon ila91an A.~. • Roche i1a9lan • Schering-Plough Tlbbi Driinler Tic. A.~. • Wyeth ila91an A.~. vi FOREWORD Advancing with Biomedical Engineering Today, in most developed countries, modem hospitals have become centers of sophis ticated health care delivery using advanced technological methods. These have come from the emergence of a new interdisciplinary field and profession, commonly referred to as "Bio medical Engineering." Although what is included in the field of biomedical engineering is quite clear, there are some disagreements about its definition. In its most comprehensive meaning, biomedical engineering is the application of the principles and methods of engi neering and basic sciences to the understanding of the structure-function relationships in normal and pathological mammalian tissues, as well as the design and manufacture of prod ucts to maintain, restore, or improve tissue functions, thus assisting in the diagnosis and treat ment of patients. In this very broad definition, the field of biomedical engineering now includes: • System analysis (modeling, simulation, and control of the biological system) • Biomedical instrumentation (detection, measurement, and monitoring of physio logic signals) • Medical imaging (display of anatomic details or physiologic functions for diag nosis) • Biomaterials (development of materials used in prostheses or in medical devices) • Artificial organs (design and manufacture of devices for replacement or augmen tation of tissues or organs) • Rehabilitation (development oftherapeutic and rehabilitation procedures and de vices) • Diagnostics (development of expert systems for diagnosis of diseases) • Controlled drug delivery (development of systems for administration of drugs and other active agents in a controlled manner, preferably to the target area) • Tissue engineering (use of functional, healthy cells from different sources, usu ally with extracellular components, either natural or synthetic, in the development of biological substitutes for restoration or replacement of tissue function) With all of the exciting fields of application mentioned above, biomedical engineer ing is today providing the methods, materials, and devices for the effective and efficient solu tion of the problems in our present health care system by using existing engineering technology and systems methodology. The number of health care facilities in Turkey is also rapidly growing and, in parallel to the advances in the developed countries, medical staff, especially in modem hospitals, are using products of the mainly imported sophisticated biomedical technology. These activities abroad have induced both Turkish scientists in the academia and the experts in the related in- vii dustries to contribute to the methodology and techniques of this novel field of science and technology, or to develop new, local alternatives in our institutions. In order to contribute to the activities in this rapidly growing field in Turkey, we initi ated a series of symposia on "Biomedical Science and Technology" about four years ago. The fourth one, with international status, was held on September 15-17, 1997, in istanbul. The main emphasis was on drug delivery and targeting, but other applications were also included. We believe and hope that, as previously, these meetings would bring the scientists and engi neers from different disciplines, medical staff from clinical medicine, and experts from re lated industries together and trigger the development of this existing field of science and technology in Turkey. Erhan Pi~kin and Vaslf HamCI Coordinators viii PREFACE This book contains the full papers of the invited lecturers and the oral presentations of the 4th International Symposium on Biomedical Science and Technology (BIOMED-4), held in istanbul-Turkey between September 15-17,1997. This symposium is organized with the in tention of exchanging information with scientists all over the world in this growing interdisci plinary field of biomedical science and technology and of encouraging young researchers to find a place for themselves in this wide spectrum of interesting subjects. The symposium ex posed to the participants several aspects of biomedical science and technology ranging from polymers, adjuvants, and vaccines to pharmaceutical, biotechnological, dental, and medical applications. The careful blend of the plenary lectures provided the participants with the op portunity to receive an overall view ofthese subjects. The main subjects covered at this sympo sium were application of microencapsulation, recent advances in nanoparticles, biodegradable polymers, pH-sensitive polymers, phospholipid-stabilized emulsions, drug carriers for bio technology-derived products, tissue engineering ofiiver, adjuvants in vaccines, perfluorocar bons in wound healing, and polymers used in dentistry, orthopedics, and urology. We believe that the presentations of the invited lecturers and oral presenters compiled in the following pages will contribute significantly to future studies applying biomedical sci ence and technology. The Organising Committee wishes to thank TOBiTAK (The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey), Marmara University president's office, Hacettepe University Development Foundation, and the national and international pharmaceutical companies that supported the activities of this symposium. The editors wish to thank Pharm. Betiil Anca (M.Sc) for her computer assistance, and would like to express their appreciation to Plenum Press for the opportunity to publish the proceedings and, in particular, to the authors ofthe pa pers, without whose contributions this work would not be available to those who are inter ested in this area. We hope that this book will be helpful to those working in this interdisciplinary field. A. Atilla Hmcal and H. Siiheyla Ka~ ix CONTENTS Polymer Based Drug Delivery Systems E. Pi~kin Recent Advances and Industrial Applications of Microencapsulation .............. 17 S. Benita Recent Advances in Nanopartic1es and Nanospheres ........................... 31 1. Kreuter Evaluation and Formulation of Biodegradable Levodopa Microspheres Using 32 Factorial Design .................................................... 41 B. Anca, H. S. Ka~, and A. A. Hmcal Surface-Modified Phospholipid-Stabilized Emulsions as Targeted Systems for Inhibition of Metastatic Cancer ........................................ 51 M. 1. Groves and X. Gao Physical Characterization and Stability of a Microemulsion for Potential Oral Administration of a Peptide ........................................... 65 A. Tiirkyllmaz, N. (:elebi, B. Goniil, and H. Alkan-Onyiiksel Urea Permeation through Complex Coacervate Membranes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 73 S. Peker, S. Helvacl, and H. Esen Bacterial Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Biosynthesis, Screening and Characterisation ..... 81 i. Giirsel and N. G. Alaeddinoglu Antibiotic Release from Biodegradable PHBV Micropartic1es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 89 D. ~endil, i. Gursel, D. L. Wise, and V. Hamcl Drug Carrier Systems for Biotechnology Derived Products ...................... 97 F. Oner Tissue Engineering of Liver '" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 109 Y. M. Elt;in An Indepth Characterization of BHK Cell Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 117 A. Stacey, G. Stacey, and S. i. Giirhan xi Investigation of Biological and Polymeric Material Using Atomic Force Microscopy .. 123 H. Zareie, A P. Gunning, F. Ozer, E. V Bulmu~, A. R. Kirby, A Yousefi Rad, A K. Pi~kin, V J. Morris, and E. Pi~kin The Future Potential for the Use of Adjuvants in Human Vaccines ................ 129 D. Stewart-TulI Evaluation of the Antibody Response after Oral Immunization by Microparticles Containing an Antigen from Schistosoma Mansoni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13 7 M.-A Benoit, B. Baras, O. Poulain-Godefroy, A-M. Schacht, A. Capron, J. GilIard, and G. Riveau Polymeric Materials in Wound Healing ...................................... 145 K. Ulubayram and N. HamCl Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Wound Healing in Fluorocarbon and Chitosan Gels in a Rabbit Model ................................................... 155 E. Memi~oglu, F. Oner, H. S. Ka~, L. Zarif, A Ayhan, i. Ba~aran, and A A Hmcal Use of Polymers in Dentistry .............................................. 163 S. ~ahin Controlled Release Antibiotics for Treatment of Periodontal Disease 171 R. Darvari, D. L. Wise, V. N. Haslfcl, M. Boroujerdi, D. J. Trantolo, and J. D. Gresser Microbial Polyhydroxyalkanoates as Biodegradable Drug Release Materials ........ 183 V. Haslrcl, i. Giirsel, F. Tiiresin, G. Yigitel, F. Korkusuz, and G. Alaeddinoglu Vancomycin-Loaded Calcium Sulfate for the Treatment of Osteomyelitis-Controlled Release by a Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) Polymer .......................... 189 M.-A. Benoit, B. Mousset, R. Bouillet, C. Delloye, and J. Gillard The Use of Bioresorbable Implants in Orthopaedics ............................ 197 A M. Tokgozoglu The Development ofa Novel Composite Bone Substitute for Use in Drug Release .... 205 M. B. Yaylaoglu, P. Korkusuz, U. Ors, F. Korkusuz, and V. HaSlfCl Use of Polymers in Urology ............................................... 217 A Ergen The Evolution of Membranes for Hemodialysis ............................... 219 M. Storr, R. Deppisch, R. Buck, and H. Goehl Contact Authors ........................................................ 235 Index ................................................................. 237 xii
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