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Biomedical Diagnostic Science and Technology PDF

440 Pages·2002·4.4 MB·English
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Biomedical Diagnostic Science and Technology edited by Wai Tak Law PortaScience, Inc. Moorestown, New Jersey, U.S.A. Naim Akmal The Dow Chemical Company South Charleston, West Virginia, U.S.A. Arthur M. Usmani Altec USA Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S.A. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York Basel • TM Copyright ©2002 by Marcel Dekker,Inc. All Rights Reserved. ISBN:0-8247-0725-7 Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper. Headquarters MarcelDekker,Inc. 270MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NY10016 tel:212–696-9000;fax:212–685-4540 EasternHemisphereDistribution MarcelDekkerAG Hutgasse4,Postfach812,CH-4001Basel,Switzerland tel:41–61-260–6300;fax:41–61-260–6333 WorldWideWeb http://www.dekker.com The publisher offers discounts on this book when ordered in bulk quantities. For more information, write to Special Sales/Professional Marketing at the headquarters address above. Copyright2002byMarcelDekker,Inc. AllRightsReserved. Neitherthisbooknoranypartmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyany means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from thepublisher. Currentprinting(lastdigit): 10987654321 PRINTEDINTHEUNITEDSTATESOFAMERICA Preface Withoutmedicaldiagnosticreagents,thepracticeofmedicinewouldbedifficult if not impossible. Medical reagents play an important role in maintaining and improving our wellness. Research in this area will continue unabated, and use ofthesereagentswilleverincrease.Thegenechipwillrevolutionizeourability to fight diseases as no method before. The recent development of newer con- cepts and rapid advances in medical diagnostic reagents encouraged us to bring together the information in this volume. The book reviews work at the cutting edge in diagnostics, immunodiag- nostics,andbiosensors.Noninvasivemethods,newsignalsforanalytedetection, newer diagnosticpolymers and coatings,and enzyme stabilizationand immobi- lization methods are comprehensively discussed. Gene chip, or biochip, and related technologies are also discussed. This book is organized intofive sections: electrochemical biosensing sys- tems;opticalbiosensingsystems;newerdetectionsystems;diabetesandcholes- terol: systems and management; and polymeric materials, immobilization, and biocompatibility. Although we will see more advances in medical diagnostics and biosen- sors in the future, we believe this comprehensive and authoritative treatise will continue to serve the intended users for many years. Chemists (bioorganic, physical, polymer), biochemists, engineers (bio- medical,chemical,coatings),biotechnologists,andphysicians(researchanden- docrinologists) will find this book useful, as will graduate students working in diagnosticsandbiosensors.Itwillserveasatextbookforschoolsofferinggrad- uate courses in biosensors. iii iv Preface With the help of leading scientists, we are most pleased to bring this authoritative book to the readership. Wai Tak Law Naim Akmal Arthur M. Usmani Contents Preface iii Contributors ix Electrochemical Biosensing Systems 1. Electrochemical Biosensors 1 Charles A. Wijayawardhana and William R. Heineman 2. Improved-Accuracy Biosensor Strip for Accu-ChekTM Advantage 29 David W. Burke and Nigel A. Surridge 3. Redox Monomers and Polymers for Biosensors 63 Naim Akmal and Arthur M. Usmani 4. Amperometric Microcells for Diagnostic Enzyme Activity Measurements 81 Robert E. Gyurcsa´nyi, Ge´za Nagy, Livia Nagy, Alessandra Cristalli, Michael R. Neuman, Erno¨ Lindner, Richard P. Buck, H. Troy Nagle, and Stefan Ufer 5. Flow-Through Immunoassay System for Rapid Clinical Diagnostics 93 Ihab Abdel-Hamid, Plamen Atanasov, Dmitri Ivnitski, and Ebtisam Wilkins v vi Contents Optical Biosensing Systems 6. Optical Sensor Arrays for Medical Diagnostics 121 Keith J. Albert, Caroline L. Schauer, and David R. Walt 7. Optochemical Nanosensors for Noninvasive Cellular Analysis 139 Susan L. R. Barker, Heather A. Clark, and Raoul Kopelman 8. Ultrasensitive and Specific Optical Biosensors Inspired by Nature 165 Xuedong Song and Basil I. Swanson 9. Evanescent-Wave Biosensors 187 Brent A. Burdick 10. Glow-Discharge-Treated Quartz Crystal Microbalance as Immunosensor 203 Selma Mutlu, M. Hadi Zareie, Erhan Pis¸kin, and Mehmet Mutlu 11. Diagnostic Polymer Reagents Carrying DNA 215 Mizuo Maeda, Takeshi Mori, Daisuke Umeno, and Yoshiki Katayama 12. Electrochemical Gene Sensors 227 Toshihiro Ihara, Masamichi Nakayama, Koji Nakano, and Mizuo Maeda 13. Sensing of Second Messengers Using Oligopeptides 243 Yoshiki Katayama, Yuya Ohuchi, Mizuo Maeda, Hideyoshi Higashi, and Yoshihisa Kudo 14. Recombinant Photoproteins in the Design of Binding Assays 259 Jennifer C. Lewis, Agatha J. Feltus, and Sylvia Daunert Newer Detection Systems 15. Particle Valency Strip Assays 271 Judith Fitzpatrick, Michael Munzar, and Regina B. Lenda 16. “Smart” Materials for Colorimetric Detection of Pathogenic Agents 291 Quan Cheng and Raymond C. Stevens 17. Reagentless Diagnostics: Near-IR Raman Spectroscopy 307 Irving Itzkan, Tae-Woong Koo, Michael S. Feld, Andrew J. Berger, and Gary L. Horowitz Contents vii Diabetes and Cholesterol: Systems and Management 18. Noninstrumented Quantitative Devices Using Detection Film Built on Woven Fabric 323 Wai Tak Law 19. A Survey of Structural and Nonreactive Components Used in the Research, Development, and Manufacture of Solid-Phase Medical Diagnostic Reagents 331 Myron C. Rapkin 20. Current Status and Future Prospects of Dry Chemistries and Diagnostic Reagents 343 Richard Kordal, Naim Akmal, and Arthur M. Usmani Polymeric Materials, Immobilization, and Biocompatibility 21. Water-Soluble Phospholipid Polymers as a Novel Synthetic Blocking Reagent in an Immunoassay System 353 Shujirou Sakaki, Yasuhiko Iwasaki, Nobuo Nakabayashi, and Kazuhiko Ishihara 22. Biocompatible Phospholipid Polymers for Prevention of Unfavorable Bioreactions on the Surface of Medical Devices 367 Kazuhiko Ishihara, Yasuhiko Iwasaki, Nobuo Nakabayashi, Michiharu Sakakida, and Motoaki Shichiri 23. Site-Directed Immobilization of Proteins on Surfaces: Genetic Approaches 381 Jianquan Wang, Dibakar Bhattacharyya, and Leonidas G. Bachas 24. Polymeric Microspheres and Related Materials for Medical Diagnostics 393 Stanislaw Slomkowski, Beata Miksa, Dorota Kowalczyk, Teresa Basinska, Mohamed M. Chehimi, and Michel Delamar Index 413 Contributors IhabAbdel-Hamid,Ph.D. SeniorResearchEngineer,MesoSystemsTechnol- ogy, Inc., Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S.A. Naim Akmal, Ph.D. Analytical Specialist, Research and Development, The Dow Chemical Company, South Charleston, West Virginia, U.S.A. Keith J. Albert, Ph.D. Research Assistant, Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Plamen Atanasov, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S.A. Leonidas G. Bachas, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, U.S.A. Susan L. R. Barker, Ph.D. Senior Scientist, Systems Division, Veridian, Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S.A. TeresaBasinka,Ph.D. DepartmentofPolymerChemistry,CenterofMolecu- lar and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland Andrew J. Berger, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, U.S.A. ix

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Containing modern innovations in the design and application of sensing devices, Biomedical Diagnostic Science and Technology is a state-of-the-art source for analytical, organic, medicinal, physical, surface, and colloid chemists and biochemists; molecular and cell biologists; geneticists; applied a
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