Biomedical Applications of Magnetic Particles

371 Pages·2020·31.762 MB·English

by  Jeffrey N. Anker (editor), O. Thompson Mefford (editor)

BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF MAGNETIC PARTICLES

BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF MAGNETIC PARTICLES
Edited by
Jeffrey N. Anker and O. Thompson Mefford
First edition published [2021]
by CRC Press
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Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data
Names: Anker, Jeffrey N., editor. | Mefford, Thompson (O. Thompson), editor.
Title: Biomedical applications of magnetic particles / edited by Jeffrey N. Anker and Thompson Mefford.
Description: First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020033558 (print) | LCCN 2020033559 (ebook) | ISBN 9781439839683 (hardback) |
ISBN 9781315117058 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Magnetic materials. | Biomedical engineering. |Nanobiotechnology. | Nanoparticles.
Classification: LCC TK454.4.M3 .B56 2021 (print) | LCC TK454.4.M3 (ebook)
| DDC 610.28/4--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020033558
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020033559
ISBN: 978-1-439-83968-3 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-11705-8 (ebk)
Typeset in Times New Roman
by MPS Limited, Dehradun
Table of Contents
Foreword..........................................................................................................................................vii
Preface...............................................................................................................................................ix
Editor Bios........................................................................................................................................xi
List of Contributors........................................................................................................................xiii
Chapter 1 Introduction to Biomedical Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles.......................1
SECTION I Magnetic Particle Fundamentals
Chapter 2 A Conceptual Introduction to the Fundamentals of Magnetic Fields,
Magnetic Materials, and Magnetic Particles
for Biomedical Applications.......................................................................................9
Chapter 3 Magnetic Forces and Torques: Separation, Tweezing, and Materials
Assembly in Biology................................................................................................33
Chapter 4 Colloidal Interactions of Magnetic Nanoparticles...................................................59
Chapter 5 Magnetic Characterization: Instruments and Methods............................................83
SECTION II Magnetic Particle Applications
Chapter 6 Synthesis and Functionalization of Magnetic Particles.........................................123
Chapter 7 Nanomagnetic Actuation: Controlling Cell Behavior with Magnetic
Nanoparticles...........................................................................................................159
Chapter 8 Magnetic Nanoparticles: Challenges and Opportunities in Drug Delivery..........177
Chapter 9 Magnetic Particle Biosensors.................................................................................197
Chapter 10 Magnetic Contrast Imaging: Magnetic Nanoparticles as Probes in
Living Systems.......................................................................................................241
Chapter 11 Energy Dissipation by Magnetic Nanoparticles: Basic Principles
for Biomedical Applications..................................................................................275
Chapter 12 Toxicology of Magnetic Nanoparticles.................................................................305
Index..............................................................................................................................................345
v

Foreword
A little over eight years ago, both of us (Jeff Anker and Thompson Mefford) arrived at Clemson
University as idealistic new assistant professors. What connected us was a shared love of the
“magic” of magnetic nanoparticles. These unique materials give us the ability to “see” into the
body, remotely manipulate structures, and, ultimately, treat diseases. In this shared appreciation,
we organized the first meeting on the “Frontiers in Biomagnetic Particles,” which has continued
every two years since (currently in its fifth incarnation). Following the first meeting, we discussed
the need for a book to give to those new to the field. Essentially, we asked ourselves, “What do we
wish we had known when first starting in this field?”
This inquiry lead to us to seek the experts in each of the various subfields to contribute to the
content provided herein. In retrospect, we are enamored with the results from our friends and
colleagues. Also, while preparing this book, we lost a friend and mentor, Dr. Steve Klaine. It is
hoped that his contribution to this book may in a small part help instill his legacy.
While the material in this field is fascinating, the individuals contributing are the greatest
resource.
We would like to thank all the authors for their contributions to this book. We would also like to
acknowledge the contribution of Godfrey Kimball, who helped copy editing at Clemson
University. We are also grateful to CRC Press for helping make this possible.
Jeff Anker and O. Thompson Mefford, co-Editors
Clemson, SC
vii

Preface
When children play with magnets and magnetic materials, magic happens and that magic can
linger on into adulthood. I remember 25 years ago, I was at a meeting with a group of magnetic
particle collaborators. During a break, one of them took out a vial filled with iron filings, emptied it
on a thin white cardboard, grabbed a small magnet and started to move the filings around from
underneath the cardboard, turning them into rings, trees, and pillars. Each of us tried to generate
ever more amazing artwork, and it was a full 15 minutes later that one of the people present
reminded us to get back “to business.”
Over the quarter century since then, my fascination with magnetic particles has not weakened.
Today we work with ultrasmall magnetic nanoparticles and ferrofluids. Many people might not
realize that humans did not invent them—they were synthesized in small single-cell organisms
such as magnetotactic bacteria many millions of years ago. It is only in the last 20 years that we
have learned how these organisms build magnetic nanoparticles in a highly organized and
genetically predetermined way. Although we can come close to synthesizing these perfectly shaped
and sized nanoparticles, we still have a lot to learn to catch up with nature.
This book is about many things—how to make magnetic nanoparticles and how to use them: as
contrast agents, for magnetically targeted drug delivery, in biosensors, and for energy dispersive
processes. In a field with such broad applications, researchers must not only be very
interdisciplinary but also understand the basics. The basics explained in this book by experts
include general magnetism, magnetic fields and forces, magnetic particle interactions, and the use
of instruments to investigate single and multiple magnetic nanoparticles.
This is not the only book about magnetic nanoparticles, but it is special in that it brings together
a key group of leading experts. The readable way they cover all the important subfields will help
you appreciate the diversity of their research subjects, will demonstrate how much is still being
investigated, and will highlight why they enjoy working on the fine details. They also show you
where the field is going, and where future applications and uses for magnetic particles lie—key
information for curious scientists and future collaborators.
I suggest that you wait for a rainy day, grab a magnet and your best magnetic nanoparticles, and
check out how they influence each other. And then take this book and try to figure out what just
happened in front of your eyes, by reading the basics as well as the applied chapters. I’m sure that
you will read about new subjects, learn some new facts that will be valuable in your research, and
come away with new ideas for your work. The same things the book did for me. Enjoy!
Urs Hafeli
ix