Biomass and Remote Sensing of Biomass

272 Pages·2011·18.34 MB·English

by  I. Atazedeh

BIOMASS AND REMOTE 
SENSING OF BIOMASS 

Edited by Islam Atazadeh
Biomass and Remote Sensing of Biomass
Edited by Islam Atazadeh

Published by InTech
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Copyright © 2011 InTech
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First published August, 2011
Printed in Croatia

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Biomass and Remote Sensing of Biomass, Edited by Islam Atazadeh
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-307-490-0
free online editions of InTech
Books and Journals can be found at
www.intechopen.com

Contents

Preface IX
Part 1 Biomass 1
Chapter 1 Biomass in Evolving World -
Individual’s Point of View 3
Biljana Stojković
Chapter 2 Ecological Aspects of Biomass Removal
in the Localities Damaged by Air-Pollution 21
Jiří Novák, Marian Slodičák,
David Dušek and Dušan Kacálek
Chapter 3 Invasive Plant Species
and Biomass Production in Savannas 35
John K Mworia
Chapter 4 Zooplankton Abundance, Biomass and
Trophic State in Some Venezuelan Reservoirs 57
Ernesto J. González, María L. Matos,
Carlos Peñaherrera and Sandra Merayo
Chapter 5 Estimation of Above-Ground Biomass of Wetlands 75
Laimdota Truus
Chapter 6 Soil Microbial Biomass Under
Native Cerrado and Its Changes After the
Pasture and Annual Crops Introduction 87
Leidivan A. Frazão, João Luis N. Carvalho,
André M. Mazzetto, Felipe José C. Fracetto,
Karina Cenciani, Brigitte J. Feigl and Carlos C. Cerri
Chapter 7 The Above-Ground Biomass
Production and Distribution in White Willow
Community During 11 Years of Primary Succession 111
Petr Maděra, Diana Lopéz and Martin Šenfeldr
VI Contents

Part 2 Remote Sensing of Biomass 127
Chapter 8 Introduction to Remote Sensing of Biomass 129
Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf, Mohd. Jamil Maah and Ismail Yusoff
Chapter 9 Biomass of Fast-Growing Weeds in a
Tropical Lake: An Assessment of the Extent
and the Impact with Remote Sensing and GIS 171
Tasneem Abbasi, K.B Chari and S. A. Abbasi
Chapter 10 Application of Artificial Neural Network
(ANN) to Predict Soil Organic Matter Using
Remote Sensing Data in Two Ecosystems 181
Shamsollah Ayoubi, Ahmahdreza Pilehvar Shahri,
Parisa Mokhtari Karchegani and Kanwar L. Sahrawat
Part 3 Carbon Storage 197
Chapter 11 A Comparative Study of Carbon Sequestration
Potential in Aboveground Biomass in Primary
Forest and Secondary Forest, Khao Yai National Park 199
Jiranan Piyaphongkul, Nantana Gajaseni and Anuttara Na-Thalang
Chapter 12 Carbon Storage in Cold Temperate
Ecosystems in Southern Patagonia, Argentina 213
Pablo Luis Peri
Part 4 Primary Productivity 227
Chapter 13 Long-Term UVR Effects Upon Phytoplankton
Natural Communities of Patagonian Coastal Waters 229
Silvana R. Halac, Virginia E. Villafañe,
Rodrigo J. Gonçalves and E. Walter Helbling
Chapter 14 In Situ Primary Production
Measurements as an Analytical Support
to Remote Sensing - An Experimental Approach
to Standardize the 14C Incorporation Technique 249
Tamara Cibic and Damiano Virgilio

Preface

Generally, biomass is used for all materials originating from photosynthesis. In other 
words, biomass includes all plant growth, herbaceous plants, microalgae, macroalgae 
and aquatic plants. But biomass can equally apply to animal as well. In fact, biomass is 
carbon based and is composed of a mixture of organic molecules containing hydrogen, 
usually including atoms of oxygen, often nitrogen and also small quantities of other 
atoms, including alkali, alkaline earth and heavy metals.  
There are various ways and methods used for evaluation of biomass. One of these 
ways is remote sensing. Remote sensing provides information not only about biomass 
but also about biodiversity and environmental factors estimation over a wide area. 
This information includes temporal resolution and a synopsis and digital formatting 
that allows for the initial processing of large amounts of data. There is a high 
correlation between spectral bands and vegetation parameters. The advantages of 
most remote sensing application for plants and phytoplankton in inland waters aim at 
the retrieval of the chlorophyll a, as this pigment is a useful proxy for the plant 
biomass. Although the pigment ratio provides an easily quantifiable approach to 
monitoring, doubts have been raised about interpretation of the results, so the method 
should only be used as one of several methods for monitoring. The shift in pigment 
ratio may be influenced by the fact that more old plant material is likely to be included 
in samples from sites where the organism is stressed.  
The great potential of remote sensing has received considerable attention over the last 
few decades in many different areas in biological science including nutrient status 
assessment, weed abundance, deforestation, glacial features in Arctic and Antarctic 
regions, depth sounding of coastal and ocean depths, and density mapping. 

Islam Atazadeh 
Researcher in Plant Science, 
Razi University, 
Kermanshah, 
Iran