Biology.08 STP SE-879935-x - Glencoe

81 Pages·2008·1.58 MB·English

STUDENT EDITION
Contents and Features
• provides review questions for
each chapter in standardized
test format
• correlated to the National
Science Education Standards
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ISBN: 978-0-07-879935-8
MHID: 0-07-879935-X
Printed in the United States of America.
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TO THE STUDENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV
NATIONAL SCIENCE EDUCATION STANDARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .V
STUDENT ANSWER SHEET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI
CHAPTER 1 THE STUDY OF LIFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
CHAPTER 2 PRINCIPLES OF ECOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
CHAPTER 3 COMMUNITIES, BIOMES, AND ECOSYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
CHAPTER 4 POPULATION ECOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
CHAPTER 5 BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
CHAPTER 6 CHEMISTRY IN BIOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
CHAPTER 7 CELLULAR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
CHAPTER 8 CELLULAR ENERGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR REPRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
CHAPTER 10 SEXUAL REPRODUCTION AND GENETICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
CHAPTER 11 COMPLEX INHERITANCE AND HUMAN HEREDITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
CHAPTER 12 MOLECULAR GENETICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
CHAPTER 13 GENETICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
CHAPTER 14 THE HISTORY OF LIFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
CHAPTER 15 EVOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
CHAPTER 16 PRIMATE EVOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
CHAPTER 17 ORGANIZING LIFE’S DIVERSITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
CHAPTER 18 BACTERIA AND VIRUSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
CHAPTER 19 PROTISTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
nc. CHAPTER 20 FUNGI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
nies, I CHAPTER 21 INTRODUCTION TO PLANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
mpa CHAPTER 22 PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
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Graw- CHAPTER 24 INTRODUCTION TO ANIMALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
Mc CHAPTER 25 WORMS AND MOLLUSKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
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of T CHAPTER 26 ARTHROPODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
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CHAPTER 35 DIGESTIVE AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
CHAPTER 36 HUMAN REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
CHAPTER 37 IMMUNE SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
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Welcome to the Student Edition of Standardized Test Practice for Glencoe Biology. This book
provides two pages of multiple choice questions for each chapter of Glencoe Biology. The
questions will test your mastery of biology concepts in a standardized test practice format.
You may want to use the optional student answer sheet located in the front of the book for
your answers to the chapter questions.
Understanding science can sometimes be a challenge. Standardized Test Practice for
Glencoe Biology provides an opportunity for you to prepare for the state science assessment.
Each question has been correlated to the National Science Education Standards.
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Science Content Standards for Grades 9–12
The National Science Education Standards, published by the National Research Council
and representing the contributions of thousands of educators and scientists, offer a compre-
hensive vision of a scientifically literate society. The standards not only describe what students
should know but also offer guidelines for biology teaching and assessment.
Correlations on each answer page in this booklet show the close alignment between the
content standards and the review questions. Correlations are designated according to the
numbering system in the table of science content standards shown below.
NATIONAL SCIENCE CONTENT STANDARDS
Unifying Concepts and Processes Earth and Space Sciences
UCP.1 Systems, order, and organization D.1 Energy in the earth system
UCP.2 Evidence, models, and explanation D.2 Geochemical cycles
UCP.3 Change, constancy, and D.3 Origin and evolution of the earth
measurement system
UCP.4 Evolution and equilibrium D.4 Origin and evolution of the universe
UCP.5 Form and function
Science and Technology
Science as Inquiry E.1 Abilities of technological design
A.1 Abilities necessary to do scientific E.2 Understandings about science and
inquiry technology
A.2 Understandings about scientific
Science in Personal and Social
panies, Inc. Physinicquailr yScience PF.1e rsPpeerscotnivale asnd community health
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The B.4 Motions and forces F.5 Natural and human-induced hazards
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McGra Life Science G.1 Science as a human endeavor
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C.5 Matter, energy, and organization in
living s ystems
C.6 Behavior of organisms
NATIONAL SCIENCE EDUCATION STANDARDS v
SSttuuddeenntt AAnnsswweerr SShheeeett
Name Date Class
Chapter
Directions: Fill in the bubbles completely for the answer choice you think is best.
1 A B C D
2 A B C D
3 A B C D
4 A B C D
5 A B C D
6 A B C D
7 A B C D
8 A B C D
9 A B C D
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vi STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE
CChhaapptteerr 11 Name Date Class
1 4
A group of organisms that can interbreed and A biochemist is performing an experiment to
produce fertile offspring is a(n) . determine the effects of chemical X on the
growth of bacteria. Which test tube is the control?
A family
B species Test Test Test Test
C organization Tube 1 Tube 2 Tube 3 Tube 4
D community
2
Inside the human body, heat is constantly
generated as a byproduct of chemical reactions. 10mL 15mL 20mL
Humans must be able to release heat to the
environment. This adaptation is necessary for 20mL 20mL 20mL 20mL
maintaining .
A energy Sterile
Chemical X
B organization beef broth
C homeostasis
A Test tube 1
D locomotion
B Test tube 2
C Test tube 3
3
Sugar dissolves in or mixes completely with
D Test tube 4
water. The solubility of a substance in water is
determined by measuring the maximum
amount of the substance that dissolves in a 5
A scientist performs a series of experiments to
given amount of water at a given temperature.
confirm an idea regarding cellular metabolism.
Hypothesis: The solubility of sugar in water
The results of the experiments support the
decreases as the temperature of the water
scientist’s initial idea, and after conferring
decreases. Identify the independent variable
with colleagues, the scientist discovers that
and the dependent variable that you would use
evidence from many experiments has supported
to test this hypothesis.
the same idea. This idea could now be
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A a variable experiment
B a multifactor experiment
C a controlled experiment
D a hypothetical experiment
STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE CHAPTER 1 1
CChhaapptteerr 11 Name Date Class
8 bm
Which unit is part of the International System The results of an experiment show that as
of International Units (SI)? temperature increases, enzyme activity
decreases. Which graph correctly displays
A pound
these findings?
B inch
C meter Temperature Effect Temperature Effect
on Enzyme X on Enzyme X
D gallon me activity me activity
9 A scientist uses graphs, tables, and charts to nzy nzy
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publish research results. What type of research A 0 25 50 75 100 B 0 25 50 75 100
Temperature (oC) Temperature (oC)
was he or she probably performing?
A descriptive research Temperature Effect
Temperature Effect on Enzyme X
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Some cattle were given bovine growth
hormone (BGH) to see if they would produce
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more meat. The animals were studied over a What kind of question would an
period of two years. Animals in Group A were environmental biologist ask?
injected with BGH. Animals in Group B were A How can a prosthetic hand be made?
not injected with BGH. The table shows the
B How can a vaccine for HIV be developed?
results of the investigation. Which is a valid
conclusion from this data? C How can the extinction of plants and
animals be prevented?
Average Mass (kg) D How can more crops be grown in poor soils?
Days Group A Group B
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B 20°C B a conclusion based on data
C 40°C C safety precautions to be used
D 60°C D inference based on results
2 CHAPTER 1 STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE
CChhaapptteerr 22 Name Date Class
1 Use the illustration below to answer question 6.
Ecology is the study of interactions between
.
A the animal groups in an area
B living and nonliving things in an area
C the nonliving things in an area
D the plants and animals in an area
2
The portion of Earth that supports the
existence of living things is the .
6
A ecosystem The illustration above shows living and
B habitat nonliving factors that interact in a certain area.
Which term best describes the interactions
C biosphere
shown in the diagram?
D niche
A biome
B food chain
3
Which is a biotic factor that might affect the C ecosystem
life of a water-dwelling organism?
D population
A temperature of the water
B speed of water current
7
During the carbon cycle, in what form are carbon
C pollutants in water
atoms generally returned to the atmosphere?
D bacterial population in water
A simple sugars
B carbon monoxide
4
The dense needles of Douglas fir trees can C methane
prevent most light from reaching the forest
D carbon dioxide
floor. This situation would have an immediate
effect on .
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STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE CHAPTER 2 3
CChhaapptteerr 22 Name Date Class
bk bn
In which type of ecological relationship do two Eating a sweet potato can provide energy for
organisms benefit from living together? human metabolic processes. What is the
original source of this energy?
A commensalism
B competition A protein molecules stored in the potato
C mutualism B starch molecules absorbed by the potato
D parasitism C vitamins and minerals from the soil
D light energy transformed by photosynthesis
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In the nitrogen cycle, nitrogen is continuously
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recycled. Which types of organisms break What is released at each level of a pyramid of
down nitrogen compounds in dead organisms energy?
and recycle them into the soil?
A animals
A heterotrophs B heat
B bacteria C decomposers
C green plants D plants
D herbivores
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In an ecosystem, what happens to the atoms of
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organisms are the primary consumers? oxygen, and nitrogen?
A They move into and out of living systems.
B They are only found in abiotic factors.
Raccoons C They move out of living systems and do not
return.
D They move into living systems and remain
Frogs
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4 CHAPTER 2 STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE