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Biology Today and Tomorrow with Physiology PDF

645 Pages·2012·159.84 MB·English
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Dynamic resources to help you succeed Make the Grade with CourseMate! Biology CourseMate The more you study, the better the results. Make the most of your study time by accessing everything you need to succeed in one place. Cengage Learning’s Biology CourseMate brings course concepts to life with interactive learning, study, and exam preparation tools that support the textbook. Your comprehension will soar as you work with the textbook and the textbook-specific website. Biology CourseMate includes interactive learning, study, and exam preparation tools that support this text: • Quizzes • Flashcards • Animations • Videos These assets help you review for tests, prepare for class, and address your own unique learning style—so you have every chance to succeed. Interactive eBook In addition to learning tools, Biology CourseMate includes an interactive eBook. You can take notes, highlight, search and interact with embedded media specific to the book. Use it as a supplement to the printed text, or as a substitute—the choice is yours with CourseMate. Instant Access Code ISBN: 978-1-133-59384-3 Quick Prep for Biology Are you ready for Biology? Quick Prep for Biology will help you get up to speed with the prerequisite Math, Chemistry, vocabulary, and study skills you need to succeed in Introductory Biology. You can purchase Instant Access to Quick Prep Visit www.cengagebrain.com to find for Biology by entering ISBN: 978-1-133-17689-3 at www.cengagebrain.com. resources related to your text. Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 9781133364450_se_ifc.indd 1 3/30/12 9:42 AM b i o l o g y today and tomorrow with physiology Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 64450_fm_ptg01_hires_00i-001.indd 1 3/30/12 8:23 AM Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 64450_fm_ptg01_hires_00i-001.indd 2 3/30/12 8:23 AM b i o l o g y today and tomorrow Cecie Starr Christine A. Evers Lisa Starr Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 64450_fm_ptg01_hires_00i-001.indd 3 3/30/12 8:23 AM Biology: Today and Tomorrow With © 2013, 2010 Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning Physiology, Fourth Edition ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein Cecie Starr, Christine A. Evers, Lisa Starr may be reproduced, transmitted, stored or used in any form or by any means Senior Acquisitions Editor, Life Sciences: graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, Peggy Williams recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Publisher, Life Sciences: Yolanda Cossio Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior Assistant Editor: Shannon Holt written permission of the publisher. Editorial Assistant: Sean Cronin Media Editor: Lauren Oliveira For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706. Marketing Manager: Tom Ziolkowski For permission to use material from this text or product, Marketing Coordinator: Lianne Ramsauer submit all requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions. Marketing Communications Manager: Further permissions questions can be e-mailed to Darlene Macanan [email protected]. Content Project Manager: Hal Humphrey Art Director: John Walker Library of Congress Control Number: 2012933002 Manufacturing Planner: Karen Hunt Paperback Edition: ISBN-13: 978-1-133-36445-0 Rights Acquisitions Specialist: Roberta Broyer ISBN-10: 1-133-36445-4 Production Service: Grace Davidson & Associates, Inc. Hardbound Edition: ISBN-13: 978-1-133-59083-5 Photo Researcher: Paul Forkner, Myrna Engler ISBN-10: 1-133-59083-7 Photo Research Inc. Text Researcher: Pablo D’Stair Brooks/Cole Copy Editor: Anita Wagner 20 Davis Drive Illustrators: ScEYEnce Studios, Lisa Starr, Belmont, CA 94002-3098 Precision Graphics USA Cover and Title Page Image: pharaoh eagle-owl; Biosphoto / Xavier Eichaker Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions Compositor: Lachina Publishing Services with office locations around the globe, including Singapore, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Brazil, and Japan. Locate your local office at www.cengage.com/global. Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd. To learn more about Brooks/Cole visit www.cengage.com/brookscole. Purchase any of our products at your local college store or at our preferred online store www.CengageBrain.com. Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 15 14 13 12 Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 64450_fm_ptg01_hires_00i-001.indd 4 3/30/12 8:23 AM This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for materials in your areas of interest. Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Contents in Brief 1 Unit FOUr eCOlOGy Invitation to Biology 16 Population Ecology Unit One HOw Cells wOrk 17 Communities and Ecosystems 2 Molecules of Life 18 The Biosphere and Human Effects 3 Cell Structure 4 Unit Five HOw animals wOrk Energy and Metabolism 19 5 Animal Tissues and Organs Capturing and Releasing Energy 20 How Animals Move Unit twO GenetiCs 21 Circulation and Respiration 6 DNA Structure and Function 22 Immunity 7 Gene Expression and Control 23 Digestion and Excretion 8 How Cells Reproduce 24 Neural Control and the Senses 9 Patterns of Inheritance 25 Endocrine Control 10 Biotechnology 26 Reproduction and Development Unit tHree evOlUtiOn and diversity Unit six HOw Plants wOrk 11 Evidence of Evolution 27 Plant Form and Function 12 Processes of Evolution 28 Plant Reproduction and Development 13 Early Life Forms and the Viruses 14 Plants and Fungi 15 Animal Evolution v Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 64450_fm_ptg01_hires_00i-001.indd 5 3/30/12 8:23 AM Contents Why Electrons Matter 26 2.3 From Atoms to Molecules 28 Ionic Bonds 28 Covalent Bonds 28 1 Invitation to Biology 2.4 Hydrogen Bonds and Water 30 Water Is an Excellent Solvent 30 1.1 The Secret Life of Earth 4 Water Stabilizes Temperature 31 1.2 Life Is More Than the Sum of Its Parts 5 Water Has Cohesion 31 1.3 How Living Things Are Alike 6 2.5 Acids and Bases 32 Organisms Require Energy and Nutrients 6 2.6 Organic Molecules 33 Organisms Sense and Respond to Change 7 From Structure to Function 33 Organisms Grow and Reproduce 7 2.7 Carbohydrates 34 1.4 How Living Things Differ 8 2.8 Lipids 36 1.5 What Is a “Species”? 10 Fats 36 A Rose by Any Other Name 10 Phospholipids 37 1.6 The Science of Nature 12 Waxes 37 Thinking About Thinking 12 Steroids 37 How Science Works 12 2.9 Proteins 38 1.7 Analyzing Experimental Results 16 The Importance of Protein Structure 39 Sampling Error 16 2.10 Nucleic Acids 41 Bias in Interpreting Results 17 2.11 Fear of Frying (revisited) 41 1.8 The Nature of Science 18 The Limits of Science 19 3 Cell Structure 1.9 The Secret Life of Earth (revisited) 19 3.1 Food for Thought 46 3.2 What, Exactly, Is a Cell? 47 Unit One HOw Cells wOrk The Cell Theory 47 Components of All Cells 47 2 Molecules of Life Cell Size 47 How Do We See Cells? 48 2.1 Fear of Frying 24 2.2 Start With Atoms 25 vi Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 64450_fm_ptg01_hires_00i-001.indd 6 3/30/12 8:23 AM

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