BIOLOGY SUCCESS In 20 Minutes a Day BIOLOGY SUCCESS In 20 Minutes a Day Mark Kalk ® N E W Y O R K Copyright © 2005 LearningExpress,LLC. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Published in the United States by LearningExpress,LLC,New York. Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Kalk,Mark. Biology success in 20 minutes a day / Mark Kalk. p.cm. ISBN 1-57685-483-3 1.Biology—Study and teaching.I.Title.II.Title:Biology success in twenty minutes a day. QH315.K29 2005 570—dc22 2005001796 Printed in the United States ofAmerica 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 1-57685-483-3 For more information on LearningExpress,other LearningExpress products,or bulk sales,please write to us at: LearningExpress 55 Broadway 8th Floor New York,NY 10006 Or visit us at: www.learnatest.com Contents Introduction vii Pretest 1 Lesson 1 Living and Nonliving Matter and the Chemicals ofLife 7 Lesson 2 What Is Life? 13 Lesson 3 The Five Kingdoms and Classifying Organisms 17 Lesson 4 Microorganisms 23 Lesson 5 Plants 27 Lesson 6 Animals 31 Lesson 7 Ecosystems 37 Lesson 8 Ecology:Organisms and Their Interactions 41 Lesson 9 Biochemistry:Photosynthesis and Respiration 45 Lesson 10 Cells,Tissues,and Organs 51 Lesson 11 Nutrition and Energy Use:The Digestive System 57 Lesson 12 Structure and Support:The Skeletal System 61 Lesson 13 Movement:The Muscular System 65 Lesson 14 Gas Exchange:The Respiratory System 69 Lesson 15 Circulation:The Cardiovascular System 73 Lesson 16 Filtration and Excretion:The Renal System 79 Lesson 17 Irritability and Responses to the Environment:The Nervous System 83 Lesson 18 Asexual and Sexual Reproduction 89 Lesson 19 Heredity and DNA Science 95 Lesson 20 Evolution 99 Posttest 103 Appendix A How to Prepare for a Test 109 Appendix B Glossary 115 v Introduction Ifyou have never taken a biology course and now find that you need to know biology,this is the book for you. Ifyou have already taken a biology course but felt like you never understood what the teacher was trying to tell you,this book can teach you what you need to know.If it has been a while since you have taken a biol- ogy course,and you need to refresh your skills,this book will review the basics and reteach you the skills you may have forgotten.Whatever your reason for needing to know biology,Biology Successwill teach you what you need to know.It gives you biology basics in clear and straightforward lessons that you can do at your own pace. How to Use This Book Biology Successteaches basic biology concepts in 20 self-paced lessons.The book includes a pretest,a posttest, tips on how to prepare for a standardized test,and an appendix of additional resources for further study. Before you begin Lesson 1,take the pretest.The pretest will assess your current biology abilities.You’ll find the answer key at the end ofthe pretest.Each answer includes the lesson number that the problem is testing. This will be helpful in determining your strengths and weaknesses. After taking the pretest, move on to Lesson 1. Each lesson offers detailed explanations ofa new concept.Numerous examples are presented with step- by-step solutions.As you proceed through a lesson,you will find tips and shortcuts that will help you learn a concept.A practice set ofproblems follows each new concept.The answers to the practice problems are in an answer key located after a set ofpractice questions. When you have completed all 20 lessons,take the posttest at the end ofthe book.The posttest has the same format as the pretest,but the questions are different.Compare the results ofthe posttest with the results ofthe pretest you took before you began Lesson 1.What are your strengths? Do you have weak areas? Do you need to spend more time on some concepts,or are you ready to go to the next level? vii –INTRODUCTION– Make a Commitment Success does not come without effort.Ifyou truly want to be successful,make a commitment to spend the time you need to improve your biology skills.Once you achieve biology success,you have laid the founda- tion for future challenges and opportunities. So sharpen your pencil,and get ready to begin the pretest! viii BIOLOGY SUCCESS In 20 Minutes a Day