Biology of the Antarctic Seas XXII PDF
Preview Biology of the Antarctic Seas XXII
Biology of the Antarctic SeasX XII CONTRIBUTIONS TO ANTARCTIC RESEARCH I Physical Sciences David H. Elliot, Editor CONTRIBUTIONS TO ANTARCTIC RESEARCH II ANTARCTIC OCEANOLOGY David H. Elliot, Editor Joseph L. Reid, Editor CONTRIBUTIONS TO ANTARCTIC RESEARCH III ANTARCTIC OCEANOLOGY II: THE AUSTRALIAN- NEW ZEALAND SECTOR David H. Elliot, Editor Dennis E. Hayes, Editor ANTARCTIC SNOW AND ICE STUDIES Malcolm Melior, Editor ANTARCTIC SNOW AND ICE STUDIES II A. P. Crary, Editor ANTARCTIC SOILS AND SOIL FORMING PROCESSES J. C. F. Tedrow, Editor DRY VALLEY DRILLING PROJECT L. D. McGinnis, Editor GEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN NORTHERN VICTORIA LAND Edmund Stump, Editor GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC Jarvis B. Hadley, Editor GEOLOGY OF THE CENTRAL TRANSANTARCTIC MOUNTAINS Mort D. Turner and John F. Splettstoesser, Editors GEOMAGNETISM AND AERONOMY A. H. Waynick, Editor METEOROLOGICAL STUDIES AT PLATEAU STATION, ANTARCTICA Joost A. Businger, Editor OCEANOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC CONTINENTAL SHELF Stanley S. Jacobs,E ditor STUDIES IN ANTARCTIC METEOROLOGY Morton J. Rubin, Editor UPPER ATMOSPHERE RESEARCH IN ANTARCTICA L. J. Lanzerotti and C. G. Park, Editors THE ROSS ICE SHELF: GLACIOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS C. R. Bentley and D. E. Hayes, Editors VOLCANOES OF THE ANTARCTIC PLATE AND SOUTHERN OCEANS W. E. LeMasurier and J. T. Thomson, Editors MINERAL RESOURCES POTENTIAL OF ANTARCTICA John F. Splettstoessera nd Gisela A.M. Dreschhoff, Editors MARINE GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL ATLAS OF THE CIRCUM-ANTARCTIC TO 30øS Dennis E. Hayes, Editor MOLLUSCAN SYSTEMATICS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY Jeffrey D. Stilwell and William J. Zinsmeister THE ANTARCTIC PALEOENVIRONMENT: A PERSPECTIVE ON GLOBAL CHANGE James P. Kennett and Detlef A. Warnke, Editors ANTARCTIC RESEARCH American Geophysical Union SERIES Biological and Life Sciences ANTARCTIC TERRESTRIAL BIOLOGY George A. Llano, Editor BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS TERRESTRIAL BIOLOGY II Milton O. Lee, Editor Bruce Parker, Editor BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS II TERRESTRIAL BIOLOGY III George A. Llano, Editor Bruce Parker, Editor BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS III George A. Llano and Waldo L. Schmitt, Editors BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS IV ANTARCTIC ASCIDIACEA George A. Llano and I. Eugene Wallen, Editors Patricia Kott BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS V ANTARCTIC BIRD STUDIES David L. Pawson, Editor Oliver L. Austin, Jr., Editor BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS VI ANTARCTIC PINNIPEDIA David L. Pawson, Editor WilliamH enryB urt,E ditor BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS VII ANTARCTIC CIRRIPEDIA David L. Pawson, Editor William A. Newman and Arnold Ross BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS VIII BIRDS OF THE ANTARCTIC AND SUB-ANTARCTIC David L. Pawson and Louis S. Kornicker, Editors George E. Watson BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS IX ENTOMOLOGY OF ANTARCTICA Louis S. Kornicker, Editor J. Linsley Gressitt, Editor BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS X HUMAN ADAPTABILITY TO ANTARCTIC CONDITIONS Louis S. Kornicker, Editor E. K. Eric Gunderson, Editor BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS XI POLYCHAETA ERRANTIA OF ANTARCTICA Louis S. Kornicker, Editor Olga Hartman BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS XII POLYCHAETA MYZOSTOMIDAE AND SEDENTIARIA OF David L. Pawson, Editor ANTARCTICA BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS XIII Olga Hartman Louis S. Kornicker, Editor RECENT ANTARCTIC AND SUBANTARCTIC BRACHIOPODS BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS XIV Merrill W. Foster Louis S. Kornicker, Editor BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS XV Louis S. Kornicker, Editor BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS XVI Louis S. Kornicker, Editor BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS XVII Louis S. Kornicker, Editor BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS XVIII Louis S. Kornicker, Editor BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS XIX Louis S. Kornicker, Editor BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS XX Louis S. Kornicker, Editor BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS XXI Louis S. Kornicker, Editor ANTARCTIC Volume 58 RESEARCH SERIES Biology of the Antarctic Seas XXII StephenD . Cairns, Editor (cid:127)American GeophysiUcnali on Washington, D.C. 1992 ANTARCTIC Volume 58 RESEARCH SERIES BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS XXII Stephen D. Cairns, Editor Publishedu nder the aegis of the Board of Associate Editors, Antarctic Research Series David H. Elliot, Chairman John B. Anderson, Stephen D. Cairns, Samuel C. Colbeck, Rodney M. Feldmann, E. Imre Friedmann, Dennis E. Hayes, Charles R. Stearns Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 86-647920 The Library of Congressh as catalogedt his serial title as follows: Biologyo f the Antarctics eas. (cid:127).Washington, D.C.: AmericanG eophysicaUl nion, v.: ill.; 28 cm.- - (Antarctic research series) ( :Publica- tion / National Research Council) ( : Publication / National Academy of Sciences) Began in 1964. Descriptionb asedo n: 11, paper 3; title from cover. Publisherb'so undv . processeadft erD ec.3 1, 1985,v . andp artso f v. processebde foreJ an. 1, 1986c atalogeds eparatelyin LC. Vols.w ithin the seriala re issuede ither as completpe ublisher's boundv . or in unboundn umberedp arts (called(cid:127)p aper or (cid:127)pa- pers) within a v. 1. Marine biology--Antarctic regions--Collected works. I. American Geophysical Union. II. Series. III. Series: Publica- tion (National Research Council (U.S.)) IV. Series: Publication (National Academy of Sciences( U.S.)) QH95.58.B56 574.92'9 86-647920 AACR2 MARC-S ISBN 0-87590-826-8 ISSN 0066-4634 Copyrigh1t9 93b y theA mericaGn eophysicUanl ion 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC 20009 Figurest,a blesa, nds horte xcerptms ayb e reprinteidn scientifibco oksa ndj ournalsif thes ourceis properly cited. Authorizatiotno photocopyit emsf or internalo r personaul se,o r the internalo r personaul seo f specificcl ientsi,s grantebdy theA mericaGn eophysicUanl ionf orl ibrarieasn do theru sersre gistered witht he CopyrighCt learancCe enter( CCC)T ransactionRale portingS ervicep, rovidedth att heb ase fee of $1.00p erc opyp lus$ 0.20p erp ageis paidd irectlyto CCC,2 1 CongresSst reetS, alemM, A 10970. 0066-4634/93/$01.00+0.20. This consendt oesn ot extendt o otherk indso f copyings, ucha s copyingfo r creatingn ew collectivwe orkso r for resaleT. her eproductioonf m ultiplceo pieasn dt heu seo f extractsin, cluding figuresa ndt ables,f or commerciapl urposesre quiress pecificp ermissiofnr om AGU. Published by American Geophysical Union With the aid of grant DPP-89-15494f rom the National Science Foundation January2 9, 1993 Printed in the United States of America. CONTENTS The Antarctic Research Series: Statement of Objectives Board of Associate Editors ix Calanoid Copepods of the Genus Euaugaptilus From Antarctic and Subantarctic Waters Taisoo Park Pelagic Shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) From Six USNS Eltanin Cruises in the Southeastern Indian Ocean, Tasman Sea, and Southwestern Pacific Ocean to the Ross Sea Robert A. Wasmer 49 Amphinomidae and Euphrosinidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) Principally From Antarctica, the Southern Ocean, and Subantarctic Regions Jerry D. Kudenov 93 The Antarctic Research Series' STATEMENT OF OBJECTIVES The Antarctic Research Series provides for the presentationo f detailed scientific research resultsf rom Antarctica,p articularlyt he resultso f the United StatesA ntarcticR esearchP rogram, includingm onographsa nd long manuscripts. The series is designed to make the results of Antarctic fieldwork available. The Antarctic ResearchS eriese ncouragesth e collectiono f paperso n specificg eographica reas within Antarc- tica. In addition, many volumesf ocus on particulard isciplines,i ncludingm arine biology, oceanology,m eteorology,u pper atmospherep hysics,t errestrialb iology, geology,g laciology, humana daptability,e ngineeringa, nd environmentapl rotection. Topical volumesi n the seriesn ormally are devotedt o papersi n one or two disciplines. Multidisciplinarvyo lumesi,n itiatedi n 1990t o enablem orer apidp ublicationa, re opent o papers from any discipline.T he seriesc an accommodatelo ng manuscriptsa nd utilize specialf ormats, such as maps. Prioritiesf or publicationa re set by the Board of AssociateE ditors. Preferencei s given to research manuscripts from projects funded by U.S. agencies. Because the series serves to emphasizeth e U.S. AntarcticR esearchP rogrami,t alsop erformsa functions imilart o expedition reportso f many other countriesw ith nationalA ntarctic researchp rograms. The standardso f scientifice xcellencee xpectedf or the seriesa re maintainedb y the review criteriae stablishefdo r the AGU publicationpsr ogramE. achp aperi s criticallyr eviewedb y two or more expert referees. A member of the Board of AssociateE ditors may serve as editor of a volume, or another personm ay be appointed.T he Board works with the individual editors of each volume and with the AGU staff to assuret hat the objectiveso f the seriesa re met, that the best possiblep apersa re presented,a nd that publicationi s timely. Proposalsf or volumeso r paperso ffered shouldb e sent to the Board of AssociateE ditors, Antarctic ResearchS eries,a t 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W., Washington,D .C. 20009. Publication of the series is partially supportedb y a grant from the National Science Foundation. Board of Associate Editors Antarctic Research Series BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS XXII ANTARCTIC RESEARCH SERIES, VOLUME 58, PAGES 1-48 CALANOID COPEPODS OF THE GENUS EUAUGAPTILUS FROM ANTARCTIC AND SUBANTARCTIC WATERS TAISOOP ARK(cid:127) Departmenot f Marine Biology,T exasA &M UniversityG, alvestonT, exas7 7550 A systematics tudy was made of the calanoidc opepodg enusE uaugaptilusfo und in Isaacs-Kidd midwatert rawl andB ongop lanktonn et samplesta keni n Antarctica ndS ubantarctiwc aters.A totalo f 303 adult copepodsre presenting1 4 specieso f Euaugaptilusw ere found, includingf ive new species( E. hadrocephalusE,. perasetosusE,. aliquantusE, . brevirostratusa,n dE . austrinusa) nds evenn ew records (E. maxillaris,E . nodifronsE, . bullifer,E . gibbus,E . angustusE, . laticeps,a nd E. oblongus).E uaugap- tilus antarcticus( Wolfenden) is restoredf rom synonymy.A ll speciesa re characterizedw ith pertinent descriptionasn di llustrationsK. eysa rep resentefdo r identificationo f the species. INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS The genus Euaugaptilusi s mostly bathypelagic, The 74 Isaacs-Kiddm idwatert rawl and 66 Bongo rarely found in the upper 1000 m, and most of its planktonn et samplesp reviouslys tudied[ Park, 1978, speciesa re so rare that they are seldomc aughti n 1980, 1982, 1983a, b, 1988] for the families conventionapl lanktonn ets in sufficientn umbersf or Aetideidae, Euchaetidae, Scolecithricidae, and adequates tudies.I t is thereforen ot uncommont hat Phaennidaea nd the genusH aloptiluso f the family speciesi n the genush ave been originallyd escribed Augaptilidaew ere restudiedfo r the genusE uaugap- from one or two specimens.M any of these rare tilus. The collectiond ata of theses amplesi,n cluding speciesh ave not beenr ediscovereds incet he original the date, local time, position,a nd depth,a nd a map findingsa ndt huss till remainp oorlyk nown. showingt he samplings tationsh ave been given by Only the following two specieso f Euaugaptilus Park [1980]. For additionals pecimensn eededi n the have been recordedp reviouslyf rom the Southern studyo f certains peciesf,o ur supplementarmy idwater Oceani ncludingt he Antarctica ndS ubantarctic: trawl samplesw ere examined.T he collectiond ata of 1. E. antarcticusw as originallyd escribedfr om the theses upplementarsya mplesa re given in Table 1. Antarctic by Wolfenden [1911] and subsequently Except for the three midwatert rawl samplesf rom recordeda s E. laticepsf rom the Antarcticb y Farran AtlantisI I cruise3 1, all of the samplesu sedf or the [1929] and Vervoort [1957]. study were collected on USNS Eltanin cruises 2. E. magnusw as recordedfr om the Antarcticb y sponsoredb y the U.S. AntarcticR esearchP rogram Vervoort [1957] on the basis of a single female and were sortedb y the SmithsonianO ceanographic specimecna ptureadt 66ø07'S5, 8ø26'Ein theI ndian SortingC enter.A ll specimenisd entifiedi n the study Ocean sector of the Antarctic. have been depositeda t the U.S. National Museum As a main objectiveo f the study, I have tried to (USNM) of NaturalH istory,a nd their USNM catalog obtain as many specimensf rom the study area as numbersa re given in the following "occurrence" possibleb y examiningl arge midwatert rawl collec- sections. tions and Bongo plankton net samplest hat proved Specimensw ere measuredu nder a dissecting adequatein the previouss tudies[ Park, 1978] for rare microscopew ith an ocular micrometerT. he body bathypelagicc alanoidc opepodsA. ll speciesfo undi n lengthi s the distanceb etweent he anteriore nd of the the studya re fully redefinedi n light of the anatomical forehead and the distal end of the caudal ramus as details observedo f the specimensa nd are fully measurede ither dorsallyo r laterally. The prosome illustratedK. eysa re presentedfo r identificationo f the length is the distancef rom the anterior end of the species. foreheadto the distale ndo f the prosomea s measured from the lateral side. The urosomel ength is the distancbe etweenth em iddorsaal nteriorm argino f the (cid:127)Nowa tM arineL ifeR esearcGhr oupS, crippIns stitution genitals egmenat nd the distale ndo f the caudalr amus of OceanographyL, a Jolla,C alfomia 92093. as measured from the dorsal side. The measurements Copyrigh1t 993b y theA mericanG eophysicUanl ion 2 BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS XXII TABLE 1. CollectionD ata for SupplementarIys aacs-KiddM idwaterT rawl Samples Time, Position Collecting Station Date Local Start Finish Depth,m Eltanin Cruise 11 895 Jan6. , 1964 0500-0830 60ø48'S1, 14ø51'W 60ø57'S1, 14ø53'W 2315-0 898 Jan6. , 1964 1205-1635 60ø55'S1, 14ø47'W 61ø11'S1, 14ø37'W 2891-0 940 Jan2. 2, 1964 2025-2350 70ø13'S9, 8ø57'W 70ø01'S9, 8ø43'W 1049-0 Eltanin Cruise 24 1793 Aug2. 0,1 966 1254-1650 39ø44'S1,2 7ø05'W 39ø46'S1, 26ø56'W 1200-0 were usuallym adei n the originalp reservativea, 5% EuaugaptilusfecunduTsa nakaa ndO mori, 1974 formalin solution. For anatomical examination, E. luxus Tanaka and Omori, 1974 however, the formalin-fixed specimensw ere stained E. niveusT anaka and Omori, 1974 with methyl-bluein lactica cid.T he staineds pecimens E. perodiosusT anakaa ndO mori, 1974 were dissecteda nd observedin a drop of clear lactic E. fagettiaeB jtrnberg,1 975 acid. Illustrations were made with the use of a camera E. atlanticus Roe, 1975 lucida. In the illustrations, some minor details, such as hair and setules,t hat are not referred to in the Females of the genus Euaugaptilusa re recog- speciesd escriptionsa re often omitted, and some nizable by the 3-segmentedu rosome;t he antennal structuress,u cha s long setae,t hata re difficultt o show exopod with 4 terminal setae and usually 8- in theire ntiretya re only partiallyi llustrated. segmentedt;h e biramousm andibularp alp; the long The abbreviations used are as follows: F, female; exopod of the maxillule; the elongate maxilla M, male; BL, body length;a ndP L, prosomele ngth.I n consistingo f 6 protopodallo besa nd an endopodt;h e the station lists, BL and PL are in millimeters. maxillipedw ith coxa, basis,a nd endopodo f similar length;t he 3-segmentede ndopoda nd exopodi n all GenusE uaugaptilusS ars,1 920 five swimmingl egs;a nd the third exopodals egment with 4 inners etaei n the first leg, 5 setaei n the second Matthews[ 1972] reviewedt he genusE uaugaptilus, to fourthl egs, and 3 setaei n the fifth leg. Males of treatinga total of 82 speciesT. he following six new Euaugaptilusw, ith the urosome5 -segmenteda nd the speciesh ave sinceb een describedb, ringingt he total left antennuleg eniculateda s in the maleso f the other numbero f speciesin the genust o 88: augaptilidg eneraa, ren ot asr eadilyd efinablea si n the TABLE 2. SpeciesF oundi n theS tudy Numbeor f SpecimenFso und Species Antarctic Subantarctic Total E. antarcticus 114F, 22M 136 E. austrinusn,. sp. 11F , 1M 12 E. maxillaris, n. r. 1F 1F 2 E. hadrocephaluns., s p. IF 1F 2 E. perasetosuns., s p. 5F 2F 7 E. aliquantusn,. sp. IF 2F 3 E. nodifronsn, .r. 45F, 8M 17F, 1M 71 E. bullifern, .r. 2F 2F 4 E. magnus 31F,2 M 1I F 44 E. oblongusn,. r. IF 4F 5 E. brevirostratusn,. sp. 8F, 2M 10 E. gibbusn, .r. 2F 2 E. angustusn,. r. 1F 1 E. laticepsn, .r. 4F 4 Total 212F 33M 55F 3M 303 Abbreviationsa re as follows: F, female;M , male; and n.r., new PARK: CALANOIl) COPEPODS OF THE GENUS EUAUGAPTILUS 3 females.H owever,c onspecificfe malesa nd malesa re KEY TO SPECIESO F EuaugaptilusI N THIS STUDY recognizableb y the identity in anatomicadl etailso f (FEMALE) the appendagessh owingn o sexuaml odification. A total of 303 adultsr epresenting1 4 specieso f 1. Mandibularb ladew ith a basals pine ..........................2. Euaugaptilusw ere found in the study,i ncludingf ive 1. Mandibularb ladew ithouta basals pine. .....................9 new speciesa nd sevenn ew records( Table 2). Adult 2. Maxillule with an endopod. ........................................3. malesw ere very rare; only 36 specimenrse presenting 2. Maxillule withouta n endopod.. ..................................8. five speciesw ere found. Two of the 14 species 3. Rostrumw ith longf ilaments. .....................................4. occurrede xclusivelyi n the Antarctic,e ight species 3. Rostrum without filaments .......................................... 7 occurred in both Antarctic and Subantarctic waters, 4. Firste ndopodasl egmenot f mandiblew ith 2 setae. ....... and four specieso ccurredo nly in Subantarctiwc aters. ................................................................. E. max///ar/s The most common species in the study was E. 4. Firste ndopodasl egmenot f mandiblew ith 1 seta. .......5 antarcticus,o ne of the two speciesb elieved to be 5. Exopodo f antennaa bouta half-lengtho f endopod.. ..... endemic in the Antarctic, which accounted for about ............................................E.... hadrocephalusn,. sp. 45% of the total found. The second and third most 5. Exopodo f antennan earlya sl onga se ndopod.. ...........6 common species were E. nodifrons and E. 6. Maxillae ndopodw ith 15 setae.. ..E . perasetosuns., sp. magnus,a ccountingf or about 23% and 15% of the 6. Maxilla endopodw ith 9 setae.. ......E . aliquantusn, . sp. total found, respectivelyT. hey are known to occur 7. Foreheadw ith a conspicuourso stralk nob; endopodo f widely in the world'so ceans. mandiblen earlya sl ong ase xopod.. ..........E . nodifrons Speciesfo undi n the studyc anb e dividedi nto four 7. Foreheadw ithouta conspicuourso stralk nob;e ndopod groupsa ccordingt o the presenceo r absenceo f an of mandiblem uchs hortert hane xopod. ......................... endopod in the maxillule, a basal spine on the ..............................................E.... brevirostratusn,. sp. mandibularb lade, and an outer seta on the first leg 8. Last5 segmentosf antennael xopodw ith setae. ............ basis( Table 3). Group 1 with all threes tructurecso uld .....................................................................E. . bullifer be regarded as the most primitive, and group 4 8. Only lasts egmenot f antennael xopodw ith setae. ......... without any of them could be consideredt he most ....................................................................... E. gibbus specialized. 9. First leg basisw ith an outers eta. ................E . angustus TABLE 3. Groupso f SpeciesF ound Characteristic End of BasalS pine Outer Seta Species Maxillule' of Mandibulabr of P1(cid:127) Group 1 + + + E. maxillaris E. hadrocephalus E. perasetosus E. alinquamus E. nodifrons E. brevirostratus Group2 - -t- -t- E. bullifer E. gibbus Group3 - E. angustus Group4 - E. laticeps E. amarcticus E. austrinus E. magnus E. oblongus Pluss ign,c haracteristipcr esent.M inus sign,c haracteristiacb sent. 'Endopodo f maxillule. t'Bassapl inoef m andibublalar de. touters etao f firstl eg
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