Biology of Rhodococcus

371 Pages·2010·4.27 MB·English

by  Volker Gűrtler

Microbiology Monographs
Volume 16
Series Editor: Alexander Steinbu¨chel
Mu¨nster,Germany
Microbiology Monographs
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MicrobialLinearPlasmids VolumeEditor:YoshimitsuHamano
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andRolandKlassen
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BiologyofRhodococcus
VolumeEditor: He´ctorM.Alvarez
ProkaryoticSymbiontsinPlants Vol.16,2010
VolumeEditor:KatharinaPawlowski
Vol.8,2009
He´ctor M. Alvarez
Editor
Biology of Rhodococcus
Editor
Prof.Dr.He´ctorM.Alvarez
CentroRegionaldeInvestigacio´nyDesarrollo
CientificoTecnolo´gico(CRIDECIT)
FacultaddeCienciasNaturales
UniversidadNacionaldelaPatagoniaSanJuanBosco
Km4–CiudadUniversitaria
9000ComodoroRivadavia(Chubut)
Argentina
[email protected]
SeriesEditor
ProfessorDr.AlexanderSteinbu¨chel
Institutfu¨rMolekulareMikrobiologieundBiotechnology
Westfa¨lischeWilhelms-Universita¨t
Corrensstr.3
48149Mu¨nster
Germany
[email protected]
ISSN1862-5576 e-ISSN1862-5584
ISBN978-3-642-12936-0 e-ISBN978-3-642-12937-7
DOI10.1007/978-3-642-12937-7
SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2010931284
#Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2010
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Preface
Rhodococci are metabolically versatile actinobacteria frequently found in the
environment with potential applications in bioremediation, biotransformations,
and biocatalysis among other biotechnological processes. These microorganisms
arecurrentlythesubjectofresearchinmanycountriesoftheworld.Thenumberof
publications and patents on rhodococci has increased significantly during the last
several years. In this context, the knowledge acquired during the last decade on
basic aspects of Rhodococcus biology is significant and reveals promising future
prospects. Several public and private genomic projects involving Rhodococcus
membersarenowinprogressduetotheincreasinginterestintheirbiotechnological
applications. The large Rhodococcus genomes, which contain a multiplicity of
catabolicgenes,ahighgeneticredundancyofbiosyntheticpathwaysandasophis-
ticated regulatory network, reflect the complexity of Rhodococcus biology. The
combination of functional genomic studies with biochemical and physiological
knowledge is providing new insights that will make it possible to put rhodococci
tobiotechnologicaluse.
This Microbiology Monographs volume provides a thorough review of many
aspects of the biochemistry, physiology, and genetics of Rhodococcus in the
context of new genomic information. Expert international scientists have contrib-
uted reviews on the extraordinary capabilities of the Rhodococcus genus with
regard to the biodegradation of diverse compounds, biosynthesis of lipids and
biosurfactants, and adaptation and tolerance to solvents. Chaptersdealingwith its
taxonomy, the structural aspects of rhodococcal cellular envelope, genomes and
plasmids, and central metabolism are also included in this volume. Moreover, the
book examines the basic aspects of the unique pathogenic Rhodococcus member
(R.equi)andthephytopathogenicR.fascians.
I would like to express my thanks to all of the authors, who contributed high-
qualityreviewsofeachtopic,totheserieseditor,AlexanderSteinbu¨chel,andtothe
staffatSpringer,especiallyJuttaLindenborn,forsupportingthisbook.
I hope that this volume will serve as a guidebook for researchers and students
andwillopennewavenuesforfutureresearch.
ComodoroRivadavia, He´ctorM.Alvarez
Chubut,Argentina
v
.
Contents
SystematicsofMembersoftheGenusRhodococcus(Zopf1891)
EmendGoodfellowetal.1998 ................................................. 1
VolkerGu˝rtlerandRobertJ.Seviour
TheRhodococcalCellEnvelope:Composition,Organisation
andBiosynthesis ............................................................... 29
IainC.Sutcliffe,AlistairK.Brown,andLynnG.Dover
GenomesandPlasmidsinRhodococcus ..................................... 73
MichaelJ.Larkin,LeonidA.Kulakov,andChristopherC.R.Allen
CentralMetabolismofSpeciesoftheGenusRhodococcus ................ 91
He´ctorM.Alvarez
AdaptationofRhodococcustoOrganicSolvents .......................... 109
CarlaC.C.R.deCarvalho
CatabolismofAromaticCompoundsandSteroidsbyRhodococcus ..... 133
KatherineC.Yam,RobertvanderGeize,andLindsayD.Eltis
CatabolismofNitrilesinRhodococcus ..................................... 171
LudmilaMart´ınkova´,MiroslavPa´tek,AlicjaBarbaraSchlosserova´,
OndrˇejKaplan,BronislavaUhna´kova´,andJanNesˇvera
TheDesulfurizationPathwayinRhodococcus ............................. 207
TingMa
ApplicationofRhodococcusinBioremediationofContaminated
Environments ................................................................. 231
MariaS.KuyukinaandIrenaB.Ivshina
vii
viii Contents
Physiology,Biochemistry,andMolecularBiologyofTriacylglycerol
AccumulationbyRhodococcus .............................................. 263
He´ctorM.AlvarezandAlexanderSteinbu¨chel
RhodococcusBiosurfactants:Biosynthesis,Properties,andPotential
Applications ................................................................... 291
MariaS.KuyukinaandIrenaB.Ivshina
PhytopathogenicStrategiesofRhodococcusfascians ...................... 315
ElisabethStes,MarcelleHolsters,andDannyVereecke
RhodococcusequiandItsPathogenicMechanisms ........................ 331
Jose´ A.Va´zquez-Boland,MichalLetek,AnaValero-Rello,
PatriciaGonza´lez,MarielaScortti,andUrsulaFogarty
Index .......................................................................... 361
Contributors
Christopher C.R. Allen School of Biological Sciences and The QUESTOR
Centre,TheQueen’sUniversityofBelfast,BelfastBT95AG,NorthernIreland,UK
He´ctorM.Alvarez RegionalCentreforResearchandDevelopment(CRIDECIT),
Faculty of Natural Science, University of Patagonia San Juan Bosco and
CONICET, Ruta Provincial No 1 - Ciudad Universitaria, 9000 Comodoro
RivadaviaChubut,Argentina,[email protected]
Alistair K. Brown Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Centre, School of
Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK,
[email protected]
Carla C.C.R. de Carvalho IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering,
Centre for Biological and Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Te´cnico, Av.
RoviscoPais,Lisboa1049-001,Portugal,[email protected]
LynnG.Dover BiomolecularandBiomedicalResearchCentre,SchoolofApplied
Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK, lynn.
[email protected]
Lindsay D. Eltis Departments of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of
BritishColumbia,Vancouver,BC,CanadaV6T1Z3,[email protected]
UrsulaFogarty IrishEquineCentre,Johnstown,Naas,Ireland
Patricia Gonza´lez Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Centres for Infectious Diseases
andImmunity,Infection&Evolution,UniversityofEdinburgh,Edinburgh,UK
Volker Gu˝rtler Department of Microbiology, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC
3084,Australia,[email protected]
ix
x Contributors
Marcelle Holsters Department of Plant Systems Biology, Department of Plant
Biotechnology and Genetics, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB),
GhentUniversity,Technologiepark927,Gent9052,Belgium
Irena B. Ivshina Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural
BranchoftheRussianAcademyofSciences,Perm,Russia
Ondrˇej Kaplan Centre of Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, Institute of
Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, V´ıdenˇska´ 1083, 142
20,Prague4,CzechRepublic
Leonid A. Kulakov School of Biological Sciences and The QUESTOR Centre,
TheQueen’sUniversityofBelfast,BelfastBT95AG,NorthernIreland,UK
Maria S. Kuyukina Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural
BranchoftheRussianAcademyofSciences,Perm,Russia,[email protected]
MichaelJ.Larkin SchoolofBiologicalSciencesandTheQUESTORCentre,The
Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, UK,
[email protected]
Michal Letek Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Centres for Infectious Diseases and
Immunity,Infection&Evolution,UniversityofEdinburgh,Edinburgh,UK
TingMa CollegeofLifeSciences,NankaiUniversity,TianjinPeople’sRepublic
ofChina,[email protected]
Ludmila Mart´ınkova´ Centre of Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, Institute of
Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, V´ıdenˇska´ 1083, 142
20,Prague4,CzechRepublic,[email protected]
Jan Nesˇvera Centre of Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, Institute of
Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, V´ıdenˇska´ 1083, 142
20,Prague4,CzechRepublic
Miroslav Pa´tek Centre of Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, Institute of
Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, V´ıdenˇska´ 1083, 142
20,Prague4,CzechRepublic
Alicja Barbara Schlosserova´ Centre of Biocatalysis and Biotransformation,
InstituteofMicrobiology,AcademyofSciencesoftheCzechRepublic,V´ıdenˇska´
1083,14220,Prague4,CzechRepublic