Biology, Ecology and Behaviour of Aphidophagous Insects

126 Pages·2017·2.56 MB·English

Ecology of Aphidophaga:
Biology, Ecology and Behaviour of
Aphidophagous Insects
Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium

Ponta Delgada 1-6 September 2002

António O. Soares, Maria A. Ventura,
Vasco Garcia & Jean-Louis Hemptinne (Eds)

Arquipélago - Life and Marine Sciences
Supplement 5
2003
ARQUIPÉLAGO
Life and Marine Sciences. Bulletin of the University of the Azores.

PUBLISHER
University of the Azores, Rua Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422
PT - 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.

GUEST EDITORS FOR SUPPLEMENT 5
António O. Soares, Maria A. Ventura, Vasco Garcia & Jean-Louis Hemptinne

INFORMATION ON THE INTERNET
Abstracts of all papers as well as instructions to authors are available on the Internet at:
http://www.horta.uac.pt/editions/arquipelago.html

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE FOR THIS SUPPLEMENT
Professor Ivo Hodek Professor Edward W. Evans
Professor Anthony F. G. Dixon Professor Daniel Coderre
Professor Manfred Mackauer Professor Jean-Louis Hemptinne
Professor Pavel Kindlmann Professor Hironori Yasuda

EDITORIAL SECRETARIAT
Helen Rost Martins, João M. Gonçalves, Rogério R. Ferraz, Horta.

Indexed in:
Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA), BIOSIS, Current Awareness in Biological Sciences
(CABS), Marine Science Content Tables (MSCT), Zoological Record
Biology, Ecology and Behaviour of Aphidophagous Insects

For purpose of citation, this supplement should be cited as follows:
A.O. SOARES, M.A. VENTURA, V. GARCIA & J.-L. HEMPTINNE (Eds) 2003. Proceedings of the 8th International
Symposium on Ecology of Aphidophaga: Biology, Ecology and Behaviour of Aphidophagous Insects.
Arquipélago. Life and Marine Sciences. Supplement 5: x + 112 pp.

i
8th International Symposium on Ecology of Aphidophaga
University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, 1-6 September 2002
ORGANIZATION

SPONSORS
ii
Biology, Ecology and Behaviour of Aphidophagous Insects
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAG.
PREFACE v
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS vi
GROUP PHOTO ix
DIXON, A.F.G. & J.-L. HEMPTINNE
Ladybirds and the biological control of aphid populations. 1
WIESSER, W.W.
Additive effects of pea aphid natural enemies despite intraguild predation. 11
BUENO, V.H.P., A.B. CARNEVALE & M.V.SAMPAIO
Host preference of Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) for Myzus persicae
(Sulzer) and Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae). 17
SCHELT, J.- V. & F. WÄCKERS.
The biological control of Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach) (Homoptera: Aphididae) in greenhouse
grown pepper; research on a tri-trophic system. 21
MAGRO, A., J-L. HEMPTINNE, A. NAVARRE & A.F.G.DIXON
Comparison of the reproductive investment in Coccidophagous and Aphidophagous ladybirds
(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). 29
HEMPTINNE, J.-L., A.F.G. DIXON & E. WYSS
Biological control of the rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini) (Homoptera: Aphididae):
learning from the ecology of ladybird beetles. 33
SERPA, L., H. SCHANDERL, C. BRITO & A. O. SOARES
Fitness of five phenotypes of Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). 43
SOARES, A.O., D. CODERRE & H. SCHANDERL
Influence of prey quality on the reproductive capacity of two phenotypes of Harmonia axyridis Pallas
(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). 51
JAROŠÍK, V., J. POLECHOVÁ, A.F.G. DIXON & A. HONċK
Developmental isomorphy in ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). 55
KINDLMANN, P. & A.F.G. DIXON.
Past and future models of predator-prey population dynamics: the importance of generation time ratio. 65
FRÉCHETTE, B., C. ALAUZET & J.-L. HEMPTINNE
Oviposition behaviour of the two-spot ladybird beetle Adalia bipunctata (L.) (Coleoptera:
Coccinellidae) on plants with conspecific larval tracks. 73
GODEAU, J.-F., J.-L. HEMPTINNE & J.-C. VERHAEGHE
Ant trail: a highway for Coccinella magnifica Redtenbacher (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). 79
iii
8th International Symposium on Ecology of Aphidophaga
University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, 1-6 September 2002
RģŽIýKA, Z. & R. ZEMEK
Effects of conspecific and heterospecific larval tracks on mobility and searching patterns of Cycloneda
limbifer Say (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) females. 85
BASKY, Z.
Predators and parasitoids on different cereal aphid species under caged and no caged conditions in
Hungary. 95
FÉLIX, S. & A. O. SOARES
Intraguild predation among the aphidophagous ladybird beetles Harmonia axyridis Pallas and
Coccinella undecimpunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): characterization of the direction and
symmetry. 103
SOARES, A.O., R. B. ELIAS & A. RAIMUNDO
Approach to the knowledge of Coccinellidade (Coleoptera) species diversity of Madeira and Porto
Santo Islands. 107

iv
Biology, Ecology and Behaviour of Aphidophagous Insects
PREFACE
Aphids and their natural enemies were central stage from 1st to 6th of September, 2002, at the
University of the Azores in Ponta Delgada. Aphids were recorded as major pests early in the XXth
Century (GAUMONT 1977) and continue to threaten field and greenhouse crops. As a consequence,
pesticides are used regularly and intensively, which hampers the move towards sustainable agriculture.
In theory, biological control of aphids is an alternative to chemical control but the record of biological
control is not good (DIXON 2000). This does not mean that biological control should be abandoned. On
the contrary, we should attempt to improve it, and this is the main objective of the IOBC Working
Group “Ecology of aphidophaga”.
Traditionally the majority of the communications presented at the meetings of this Working Group
are on ladybird beetles. This was also the case at this meeting but the prominence of ladybirds was not a
deliberate attempt to restrict the scientific scope of the meeting. History partly explains the domination
of ladybirds. The outstanding success of Rodolia cardinalis in California many years ago still influences
these conferences. This is not the only explanation. Ladybirds are a good model organism for
improving our understanding of the role of natural enemies in regulating herbivore populations.
Parasitoids have, and continue to be used as models for studying predator prey dynamics. However, the
biology of parasitoids differs fundamentally from that of predators (DIXON 2000) and it is therefore
unlikely that studies on parasitoids will shed light on all the theoretical and practical aspects of the
interactions between prey and natural enemies. Studies on ladybirds complement those on parasitoids
and give a better understanding of why the biological control of aphids sometimes fails. This was
central to the interesting communications on predator-prey models, guild structure, fundamental
biology and applications presented at the meeting.
For practitioners confronted with aphid outbreaks, however, theoretical studies may seem a waste of
time. In the face of heavy economic losses immediate action often appears to be the only solution.
KAREIVA (1996) has highlighted the risks of a “hit and miss” approach to biological control. However,
a “search and wait” strategy, in which all efforts are directed to research while farmers sit and wait for a
solution, is not practical. The future is a trade-off between research and practice. In theory there is an
infinity of possible trade-offs, but which is the best? In Ponta Delgada the Scientific Committee decided
that the Working Group should provide opportunities for practitioners of biological control and
scientists to meet and discuss mutual problems. Through exchange of ideas and discussion of field
results the right trade off will be approached and the gap between academics and practitioners of
biological control progressively reduced.
The meeting in Ponta Delgada was fruitful in both scientific and strategic terms. I thank the
University of the Azores for hosting the congress and the Local Committee for all its efforts and
dedication. Muito obrigado pela sua hospitalidade!
The next meeting will be held in Japan at Yamagata University in September 2005. The first
announcement is already on our web site (http://www.bf.jcu.cz/tix/strita/aphidophaga/main.html).
REFERENCES
DIXON, A.F.G. 2000. Insect predator-prey dynamics. Ladybird beetles & biological control. Cambridge University
Press. 257 pp.
GAUMONT, L. 1977. L’importance économique des aphides (Texte inédit publié à l’occasion du centenaire de sa
naissance). Annales de Zoologie-Ecologie animale 9: 173-180.
KAREIVA, P. 1996. Contribution of ecology to biocontrol. Ecology 77: 1964-1965.
v
8th International Symposium on Ecology of Aphidophaga
University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, 1-6 September 2002
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
Basky, Zsuzsa Duelli, Peter
Plant Protection Institute of the Hungarian Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL,
Academy of Sciences, P.O.B. 102 HU-1525 Zuercherstr. 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf/Zürich,
Budapest, Hungary. E-mail:
Biology, Ecology and Behaviour of Aphidophagous Insects
Hindayana, Dadan British-Colombia V5A 156, Canada. E-mail:
Institute of Plant Pests and Diseases, Bogor
8th International Symposium on Ecology of Aphidophaga
University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, 1-6 September 2002
Sato, Satoru Yamagata JP-997-8555 Japan. E-mail:
United Graduate School of Agricultural Science,