Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 196 Editor-in-Chief Prof.JanuszKacprzyk SystemsResearchInstitute PolishAcademyofSciences ul.Newelska6 01-447Warsaw Poland E-mail:[email protected] Forfurthervolumes: http://www.springer.com/series/11156 Antonio Chella, Roberto Pirrone, Rosario Sorbello, and Kamilla Rún Jóhannsdóttir (Eds.) Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures 2012 Proceedings of the Third Annual Meeting of the BICA Society ABC Editors Prof.AntonioChella Dr.RosarioSorbello DepartmentofChemical,Management, DepartmentofChemical,Management, Computer,MechanicalEngineering Computer,MechanicalEngineering UniversitàdiPalermo UniversitàdiPalermo Palermo Palermo Italy Italy Prof.RobertoPirrone Dr.KamillaRúnJóhannsdóttir DepartmentofChemical,Management, DepartmentofPsychology Computer,MechanicalEngineering ReykjavikUniversity UniversitàdiPalermo Reykjavik Palermo Iceland Italy ISSN2194-5357 e-ISSN2194-5365 ISBN978-3-642-34273-8 e-ISBN978-3-642-34274-5 DOI10.1007/978-3-642-34274-5 SpringerHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2012949570 (cid:2)c Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2013 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthe materialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broad- casting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformationstorage andretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknown orhereafterdeveloped.Exemptedfromthislegalreservationarebriefexcerptsinconnectionwithreviews orscholarly analysis ormaterial suppliedspecifically forthepurposeofbeingentered andexecuted ona computersystem,forexclusive usebythepurchaser ofthework.Duplication ofthis publication orparts thereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheCopyrightLawofthePublisher’slocation,initscur- rentversion,andpermissionforusemustalways beobtained fromSpringer. Permissionsforusemaybe obtainedthroughRightsLinkattheCopyrightClearanceCenter.Violationsareliabletoprosecutionunder therespectiveCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Whiletheadviceandinformationinthisbookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication, neither the authors northe editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerial containedherein. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface This volume documents the proceedings of the Annual International Conference on BiologicallyInspiredCognitiveArchitectures(BICA)2012,whichistheThirdAnnual MeetingoftheBICASocietyandthefifthannualBICAmeeting.TheseriesofBICA conferencesstartedin2008undertheumbrellaoftheAssociationfortheAdvancement of ArtificialIntelligence(AAAI).In 2010,the BICA Society waseventuallyincorpo- ratedas a nonprofitorganization- a scientific society with headquartersin the United States, with the mission of promoting and facilitating the transdisciplinary study of BICA. Aims of the BICA Society include creating a world-widescientific infrastruc- turethatsupportsmultidisciplinaryresearchesinaddressingthechallengeofcreatinga computationalequivalentofthehumanmind(knownastheBICAChallenge).Thelist ofFoundingMembersoftheBICASocietyistoolongtobeincludedhere,andincludes manyeminentscholarsandscientists. As outlined in the manifesto of the BICA Society published in the Proceedingsof BICA 2010, we can reasonably predict that in the coming years robots and artifacts with general-purpose human-level intelligence will become available. It is therefore vital for scientists from different disciplines to join their efforts and share results in addressingthisimportantgoal,andtoanalyzethescientific andtechnologicalaspects ofthechallenge,includingethicalandmoralproblems.TheBICAChallengecallsfor anintegratedunderstandingofartificialandnaturalintelligentsystems,includingtheir biological functions, cognition and learning. The BICA paradigm is a new approach that integrates different disciplines, from neuroscience to cognitive science, artificial intelligenceandrobotics.Thisapproachwillallowus,ontheonehand,tobetterunder- standthecomplexoperationofthebraininordertosuggestnewhorizonsforresearch inneuroscienceandpsychology,andontheotherhand,touseinspirationsfromthese fieldsformodernroboticsandintelligentagentdesign. The BICA Challenge can be compared to greatest human challenges of the past (the Human Genome Program, the Apollo Moon Expedition, etc.). It is unlikely that a single laboratory, no matter how big and full of resources it may be, can succeed in this fantastic effort. This huge challenge can only be tackled by unified efforts of manylaboratories,scientists,institutions,andresearchfacilitiesaroundtheworldthat continuouslyexchangetheirideas,knowledgeandresults. VI Preface OneoftheaimsoftheBICASocietyistoprovideacommonreferenceframework for researchers and scholars from differentscientific communities, who may be talk- ing differentscientific languagesand pursuingdifferentresearch goals, yet implicitly or explicitly they contribute efforts to solving the BICA Challenge. The BICA Soci- etypromotessuchinterdisciplinarystudiesandallowsresearcherstofreelysharetheir ideas,toolsandresultsinpursuitoftheoverarchinggoal. All previousconferencesof the BICA Society were held in the United States. For thefirsttime,thisyear’sBICAconferenceisheldinEurope.TheBICASocietychose Palermoasthe Conferencesite, in recognitionof supportofthe BICA Societybythe RoboticsLabofthe UniversityofPalermo.TheConferenceisheldfromOctober31st toNovember3rdattheGrandHotelPiazzaBorsainthecenterofPalermo. Among participants of BICA 2012 are top-level scientists like Karlheinz Meier, HiroshiIshiguro,GiorgioAscoli,GiulioSandini,IgorAleksander,KristinnR.Thóris- son,RicardoSanz, PenttiHaikonen,Christian Lebiere,AlexeiSamsonovich,Michele Migliore,Soo-YoungLee,RaulArrabales,GeraintA.Wiggins,andmanyothers. BICA2012received80submissionsfrommorethan20countries;theProgramCom- mitteeaccepted44papersand7extendedabstractsthatwellrepresentthemaintwosci- entificareasofinterestoftheBICAcommunity:(i)thecreationandstudyofintelligent artifactsand(ii)thestudyandcomputationalmodelingofthehumanbrain. WewouldliketothankallmembersoftheOrganizingCommitteeandProgramCom- mitteefortheirprecioushelpinreviewingsubmissionsandinpreparinganinteresting andstimulatingscientificprogram,andallmembersoftheLocalOrganizingCommit- teefromDICGIMandICAR-CNRPalermo,fortheirgenerousworkinorganizingall theaspectsoftheconference. We also wantto thankour supportingscientific institutions:the BICA Society,the UniversityofPalermo,theEUFP7project“Humanobs”,the“IstitutodiCalcoloeReti adAltePrestazioni”(ICAR-CNR),the“CentroInterdipartimentalediTecnologiedella Conoscenza”(CITC),the“AssociazioneItalianaperl’IntelligenzaArtificiale”(AI*IA) and Informamuse. Moreover, let us thank the Municipality of Palermo, the Regional ProvinciaofPalermo,theSicilyParliamentAssemblyandtheSiciliyGovernorBureau. Last but not the least, we would like to thank Alexei Samsonovich, President and FounderoftheBICASociety,forcontinuoussupportandadvices. September2012 AntonioChella RobertoPirrone RosarioSorbello KamillaR.Jóhannsdóttir Organization BICA 2012 is organizedby DICGIM (Department of Chemical, Management, Com- puter,MechanicalEngineering),Universityof Palermoin cooperationwith the BICA (BiologicallyInspiredCognitiveArchitectures)Society. Chairs ConferenceChair AntonioChella UniversityofPalermo,Italy ProgramChairs RobertoPirrone UniversityofPalermo,Italy KamillaR.Jóhannsdóttir UniversityofAkureyriandReykjavikUniversity, Iceland LocalOrganizationChair RosarioSorbello UniversityofPalermo,Italy OrganizingCommittee IgorAleksander ImperialCollege,London,UK RonaldArkin GeorgiaInstituteofTechnology,Atlanta,USA RaulArrabales UniversidadCarlosIII,Madrid,Spain StanFranklin TheUniversityofMemphis,USA AshokKGoel GeorgiaInstituteofTechnology,Atlanta,USA StephenGrossberg BostonUniversity,Boston,USA PenttiHaikonen UniversityofIllinoisatSpringfield,USA OwenHolland UniversityofSussex,Brighton,UK VIII Organization ChristianLebiere CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,USA AlexandrLetichevsky GlushkovInstituteofCybernetics,Ukraine RiccardoManzotti IULMUniversity,Milan,Italy MicheleMigliore NationalResearchCouncil,Palermo,Italy DavidNoelle UniversityofCalifornia,Merced,USA AlexeiSamsonovich GeorgeMasonUniversity,Fairfax,VA,USA RicardoSanz UniversidadPolitecnicadeMadrid,Spain BrandonRohrer SandiaNationalLaboratories,USA JunichiTakeno MeijiUniversity,Japan RodrigoVentura InstitutoSuperiorTecnico,Lisbon,Portugal Mary-AnneWilliams UniversityofTechnology,Sydney,Australia Program Committee RobertoPirrone UniversityofPalermo(Programco-Chair) KamillaJohannsdottir UniversityofAkureyriandReykjavikUniversity (Programco-Chair) MyriamAbramson NavalResearchLaboratory TsviAchler LosAlamosNationalLabs SamuelAdams IBMResearch LilianaAlbertazzi UniversityofTrento YiannisAloimonos UniversityofMaryland HeatherAmes BostonUniversity KenjiAraki HokkaidoUniversity ItamarArel UniversityofTennessee PaulBaxter UniversityofPlymouth MarkBishop Goldsmiths,UniversityofLondon JonathanBona UniversityatBuffalo,TheStateUniversity ofNewYork TiborBosse VrijeUniversiteitAmsterdam BertBredeweg UniversityofAmsterdam AndrewBrowning BostonUniversity AndreaCarbone ISIR/UPMC LuigiaCarlucciAiello UniversityofRome“LaSapienza” SuhasChelian HRLLaboratoriesLLC RobertClowes UniversityofSussex RobertoCordeschi UniversityofRome“LaSapienza” MassimoCossentino NationalResearchCouncil,Italy AntonellaD’Amico UniversityofPalermo HarisDindo UniversityofPalermo SimonaDoboli HofstraUniversity WlodekDuch NicolausCopernicusUniversity ElenaFedorovskaya EastmanKodakCompany Organization IX MarcelloFrixione UniversityofSalerno KarlFua HighPerformanceComputing,Singapore SalvatoreGaglio UniversityofPalermo DavidGamez ImperialCollege,London RossGayler LaTrobeUniversity JaimeGomez UniversidadPolitecnicaMadrid ClaudiusGros IntituteforTheoreticalPhysics SteveHo UniversityofHertfordshire OwenHolland UniversityofSussex IanHorswill NorthwesternUniversity MikeHoward HRLLaboratories,LLC EvaHudlicka PsychometrixAssociates ChristianHuyck MiddlesexUniversity DavidIsrael SRIInternational MagnusJohnsson LundUniversity BenjaminJohnston UniversityofSydney AllanKardecBarros UFMA DeepakKhosla HRLLaboratories PaulKogut LockheedMartin JeffKrichmar UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine EmmanuelLesser NuanceCommunications SimonLevy WashingtonandLeeUniversity GiuseppeLoRe UniversityofPalermo AndràsLörincz EotvosLorandUniversity ThomasLu JetPropulsionLab EvgueniaMalaia IndianaUniversity MariaMalfaz UC3M MartinMcginnity UniversityofUlster ChristopheMenant EmanueleMenegatti UniversityofPadua ElenaMessina NationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology SteveMorphet SRC HectorMunoz-Avila LehighUniversity WaseemNaqvi Raytheon GuenterNeumann DFKI RonyNovianto UniversityofTechnology,Sydney AndrewNuxoll UniversityofPortland AndreaOmicini UniversityofBologna MarcoOrtolani UniversityofPalermo EnricoPagello UniversityofPadua CharlesPeck IBMT.J.WatsonResearchCenter JacquesPenders SheffieldHallamUniversity AlfredoPereira SãoPauloStateUniversity GiovanniPezzulo ILC-CNR RobinsonPino AirForceResearchLaboratory X Organization RobertoPoli UniversityofTrento MichalPtaszynski Hokkai-GakuenUniversity PaavoPylkannen UniversityofHelsinki VladimirRedko SRISA JimReggia UniversityofMaryland ScottReilly CharlesRiverAnalytics BrandonRohrer SandiaNationalLaboratories PabloRoman UniversidaddeChile PaulRosenbloom UniversityofSouthernCalifornia Pier-GiuseppeRossi UniversityofMacerata ChristopherRouff LockheedMartinAdvancedTechnology Laboratories MiguelSalichs Univ.CarlosIII,Madrid GiulioSandini ItalianInstituteofTechnology AmySantamaria AlionScienceandTechnology RicardoSanz UniversidadPolitecnicadeMadrid MichaelSchader YellowHouseAssociates TheresaSchilhab UniversityofAarhus JuergenSchmidhuber IDSIAandTUMunich MichaelSchoelles RensselaerPolytechnicInstitute ValeriaSeidita UniversityofPalermo MikeSellers OnlineAlchemy,Inc. IgnacioSerrano CSIC AntonioSgorbissa UniversityofGenova TimothySmith Raytheon JavierSnaider TheUniversityofMemphis DonaldSofge NavalResearchLaboratory MeehaeSong SimonFraserUniversity RosarioSorbello UniversityofPalermo TerryStewart UniversityofWaterloo AndreaStocco UniversityofWashington SusanStuart UniversityofGlasgow EugeneSurowitz NewYorkUniversity(visiting) JunichiTakeno MeijiUniversity GheorgheTecuci GeorgeMasonUniversity MarcoTemperini UniversityofRome“LaSapienza” KnudThomsen PaulScherrerInstitute GuglielmoTrentin NationalResearchCouncil,Italy JanTreur VrijeUniversiteitAmsterdam AlfonsoUrso NationalResearchCouncil,Italy CesareFabioValenti UniversityofPalermo AkshayVashist TelcordiaTechnologies RodrigoVentura IST,TULisbon CraigMichaelVineyard SandiaNationalLaboratories Organization XI RoseliWedemann UniversidadedoEstadodoRiodeJaneiro AndrewWeiss NeilYorke-SmithOlayan AmericanUniversityofBeirut ChangkunZhao PennStateUniversity TerryZimmerman SIFTSmartInformationFlowTechnologies Local OrganizingCommittee RosarioSorbello UniversityofPalermo(LocalOrganizationChair) VincenzoCannella UniversityofPalermo MassimoCossentino ICAR-CNR,Palermo AntonellaD’Amico UniversityofPalermo HarisDindo UniversityofPalermo IgnazioInfantino ICAR-CNR,Palermo GiuseppeLoRe UniversityofPalermo MarcoOrtolani UniversityofPalermo AriannaPipitone UniversityofPalermo RiccardoRizzo ICAR-CNR,Palermo ValeriaSeidita UniversityofPalermo Sponsoring Institutions BICASociety UniversityofPalermo,Italy EUFP7ProjectHumanobs IstitutodiCalcoloeRetiadAltePrestazioni(ICAR),CNR,Italy CentroInterdipartimentalediTecnologiedellaConoscenza(CITC),Italy Informamuses.r.l.,Italy Supporting Institutions AssociazioneItalianaperl’IntelligenzaArtificiale(AI*IA) ComunediPalermo ProvinciaRegionalediPalermo AssembleaRegionaleSiciliana PresidenzadellaRegioneSiciliana