Biological Nitrogen Fixation Associated with Rice Production: Based on selected papers presented in the International Symposium on Biological Nitrogen Fixation Associated with Rice, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 28 November– 2 December, 1994 PDF
Preview Biological Nitrogen Fixation Associated with Rice Production: Based on selected papers presented in the International Symposium on Biological Nitrogen Fixation Associated with Rice, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 28 November– 2 December, 1994
BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXATION ASSOCIAT ED WITH RICE PRODUCTION Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences Volume 70 Biological Nitrogen Fixation Associated with Rice Production Based on selected papers presented in the International Symposium on Biological Nitrogen Fixation Associated with Rice, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 28 November - 2 December, 1994. Co-ordinating editor Mustafizur RAHMAN Department of Soll Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh Editors Ajit Kumar PODDER BINA, Mymensingh, Bangladesh Charles VAN HOVE Laboratory ofPlant Biology, Catholic University ofLouvain, Belgium Z.N. Tahmida BEGUM Department ofBotany, University ofDhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh Thierry HEULIN Director of Research, CNRS, CENCadarache, France Anton HARTMANN GSF-Institute of Soil Ecology, Neuherberg, Germany " SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. A c.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 978-90-481-4742-7 ISBN 978-94-015-8670-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-015-8670-2 Printed on acidjree paper All Rights Reserved © 1996 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1996 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1996 No part ofthe material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission from the copyright owner. Contents Foreword ix Preface xi List of Contributors xiii Introduction: Some comments about a better use of biological nitrogen fixation in rice cultivation J. Balandreau and P. Roger SECTIONI Rhizobia-Iegume symbiosis, green manuring crops and rice soils 1. Rhizobial biofertilizers: the most promising BNF technology for increased grain legume production in Bangladesh 15 M.A. Sattar, A.K. Podder and M.e. Chanda 2. Effect of heavy metals on legume-Rhizobium symbiosis 21 S.e. Pal 3. Effect of straw incorporation on soil N-pool in submerged rice 31 L. Van Holm, G. Senviratne, e. Puype, S. Bowatte and U. Ratnayake 4. The use of organie residues in increasing crop production in a wheat-mungbean-T. Aman cropping system on red-brown terrace soils 43 Delowara Khanam, Md Hasan Hajizur Rahman, Md Asadul Haque Bhuiyan, Md Zaherul Islam and A.K.M. Hossain 5. Leguminous green manures in rice-based cropping systems 49 Mathias Hecker 6. Use of green manuring crops in rice fields for sustainable production in Bangladesh agriculture 51 N.I. Bhuiyan and S.K. Zaman v vi Contents 7. Prospect of dhaincha (Sesbania rostrata) intercropping with T. Aus in a T. Aus-T. Aman cropping pattern 65 S.K. Zaman, A T.M.A Choudhury and N.I. Bhuiyan 8. Pedology of the rice soils of Bangladesh 71 S.M. Saheed and M.S. Hussain SECTIONII Azolla-Anabaena association 9. Does Azolla have any future in agriculture? 83 C. Van Hove and A Lejeune 10. Utilization of Azolla in rice production in West Africa: potentials and constraints 95 V.N.Nguyen 11. Cultivation and uses of Azolla in Egypt 105 AA El-Bassel and I.M. Ghazi 12. Estirnation of nitrogen fixation in Azolla-rice association using 15N isotope dilution 109 Y.G.M. Galal SECTIONIII Blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) 13. Prospect and potentiality of cyanobacteria as an alternative source of nitrogen fertilizer in Bangladesh rice cultivation 119 ZN. T. Begum, R. Mandal, Zahed U.M. Khan and M.Z Hossain 14. Contribution of cyanobacterization to rice growth and performance under different field stand densities and levels of combined nitrogen 133 Y.G. Yanni 15. Ecological aspects of cyanobacteria from the rice fields of Corrientes (Argentina) 141 Carlos Prosperi, Stella M. Pons and Eugenia Maggi 16. Contribution ofbiological nitrogen fixation to rice production in a Mediterranean rice field 147 E. Femdndez Valiente, A. Quesada, M. Nieva, F. Leganes, C. Prosperi, M. Mart(n Trillo, R. Carreres and R. Gonzdlez Tome Contents vii 17. Enrichment of indigenous blue-green algal population in rice fields and evaluation of its effect in rice culture 159 M.A. Hashem, M.R. Islam, M. Jahiruddin and M. Asaduzzaman SECTIONIV Rice root-associated soll microftora 18. Abundance and isolation ofnitrogen-fixing bacteria from the major rice soils of Bangladesh 171 Mustajizur Rahman, Thierry Heulin and Jacques Balandreau 19. Burkholderia vietnamiensis, a new nitrogen-fixing species associated with rice roots, isolated from an acid sulphate soil in Vietnam: plant-growth-promoting effects on rice 181 V. Tran Van, P. Mavingui, O. Berge, J. Balandreau and T. Heulin 20. Specificity of root colonization by symplasmata-forming Pantoea agglomerans 191 W. Achouak, G. Villemin, J. Balandreau and T. Heulin 21. Nitrogen fixation by Azospirillum brasilense isolated from rice fields of Bangladesh 203 Zahed U.M. Khan and M.A. Akond SECTIONV Applicaöon of biotechnology in rice culture 22. Biotechnological aspects of diazotrophic bacteria associated with rice 211 Anton Hartmann 23. Azospirillum phylogeny based on 16S rRNA sequences 225 Rene Bally, Mahbubul Kabir, Mustajizur Rahman, Jacqueline Haurat and Philippe Normand 24. Increased growth and yield of rice by treating seeds and spraying plants with non-nitrogen-fixing bacteria 231 Tang Wen-hua, Mei Ru-hong, Zhang Shou-an, Wang Yi-min, Gu Pei-lao, Gong Jian-guo and Zhang Xin-de Tide of papers published in the symposium abstract 243 Foreword This book contains scientific contributions presented at the International Symposium on Biological Nitrogen Fixation Associated with Rice, in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from November 28 to December 2, 1994, the importance of which was underlined by the presence of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Bangladesh as weIl as other officials of the Government and further distinguished guests, and in which the undersigned took part. It is therefore a great pleasure to accept the invitation of the members of the organizing committee as weIl as the editors of this book to develop some thoughts about this topic in the form of a foreword. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in agriculture is broadly based on nodule forming rhizobia-Iegume symbiosis. As rice plants do not possess genes for nodule formation and therefore depend on nitrogen from chemical fertilizers and other sourees, ways of producing nitrogen biologically in rice ecosystems are very import ant, due to the fact that in countries of the developing world nitrogen fertilizers are not always available, or at least only to a limited extent. Therefore, it is important to investigate the dynarnics of nitrogen cycling in terrestrial and aquatic systems and to look into methods of delivering nitrogen to rice plants through biological fixation. The content of this book allows some insight into a rapidly developing research area, reaching from field observations to the application of biotechnology, and shows at the same time the state of the art in this subject, based on important work carried out in different parts of the world. Therefore, I agree with the editors' statement, which underlines that this book should provide a comprehensive summary of current research in the field of biological nitrogen fixation associated with rice cropping. Furthermore, the contri butions also focus on areas which deserve intensive further research for the under standing of nitrogen fixation in these agricultural ecosystems, thus stimulating and inviting new generations of scientists to dedicate their work to the complex prob lems of nitrogen fixation in tropical and sub-tropical soils. I am convinced that this book will contribute to these aims and will interest a broad scientific public and therefore I congratulate the editors on the publication of this very interesting insight into new scientific highlights related to biological nitro gen fixation associated with rice production. Prof. Dr. Winfried E.H. BLUM Secretary-General International Society 0/ Soil Science (ISSS) Universität für Bodenkultur, Vienna, Austria ix Preface This book is based on selected papers presented in the international symposium on Biological Nitrogen Fixation Associated with Rice which was held on November 28 - December 2, 1994, in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The symposium was based on the sympo sium organized by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Philippines, in 1979 and in 1988 at the Central Rice Research Institute in Cuttack, India. The combination of nitrogen and hydrogen to form ammonia through biological means is known as biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Biological nitrogen fixation is important in rice farrning systems because it is an inexpensive source of nitrogen for higher rice yields. Increased use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides con tributes to the degradation of the environment and health hazards. This symposium discussed ways and means for the maintenance of a pollution-free soil environment. The symposium was conducted in six sessions concentrating on (i) rhizobia legume symbiosis, (ii) green manuring crops in rice fields, (iü) rice root associated soil microflora, (iv) application of biotechnology in rice culture, (v) azolla-anaebia association and (vi) blue-green algae. A keynote speech was delivered by Prof. Dr. J. Balandreau, CNRS, France. After that, a session was dedicated to the memory of the late Dr. J.M. Day, a renowned scientist in this field. The content of this book is arranged on the basis of the above six sessions in five chapters. We hope each chapter of this book will interest both the novice and expert. Furthermore, we hope that this book will serve an important role in exciting a new generation of researchers into pursuing the multitude of important problems in nitrogen fixation still awaiting resolution. The compilation of manuscripts and the editoral assistance provided by Mr. A.S.M. Mohiuddin is gratefully acknowledged. Special thanks go to all chair persons of the sessions and the contributing authors. Financial assistance from CSC, DANIDA, Netherlands Ministry for Development Co-operationIDGIS, SIEMENS, UNDP, UNEP, UNESCO, as weIl as from numerous local and inter national agencies, towards publication of this book is gratefully acknowledged. Lastly, our thanks to the readers, whose interest and enthusiasm for biological nitrogen fixation are so critical to the continuing growth and development of this important area. Mustafizur Rahman xi List of Contributors Achouak, W., LEMIRIDEVM, UMR 163 CNRS-CEA, CEA Cadarache, 13108 Saint Paullez Durance, France Akond, M.A., Department of Botany, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh Asaduzzaman, M., Department of Soi! Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh Balandreau, J., Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne du Sol, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon-I, Villeurbanne, France . Bally, R., Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne du Sol, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon-I, France Becker, M., West Africa Rice Development Association (WARDA), BP 2551, Bouake, Cote d'Ivoire Begum, Z.N.T., Department ofBotany, University ofDhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh Berge, 0., LEMIRJDEVM, UMR 163 CNRS-CEA, CEA Cadarache, 13108 Saint Paullez Durance, France Bhuiyan, Md Asadul Haque, Soil Microbiology Laboratory, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh Bhuiyan, N.I., Soil Chemistry Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh Bowatte, S., Biological Nitrogen Fixation Project, Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka Carreres, R., Dpto. deI Arroz, Institut Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Succa, 46410 Valencia, Spain Chanda, M.C., Soil Microbiology Laboratory, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh Choudhury, A.T.M.A., Soi! Science Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh EI-Bassel, A.A., Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum, Egypt xiii
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