Biological Effects of Magnetic Fields: Volume 2 PDF
Preview Biological Effects of Magnetic Fields: Volume 2
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF MAGNETIC FIELDS Volume 2 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF MAGNETIC FIELDS Volume 2 Edited by Madeleine F. Barnothy Professor of Physics University of Illinois, College of Pharmacy <±> PLENUM PRESS· NEW YORK - LONDON· 1969 ISBN 978-1-4684-8354-3 ISBN 978-1-4684-8352-9 (eBook) DOl 10.1007/978-1-4684-8352-9 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 64-13146 © 1969 Plennm Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover Js t edition 1969 A Division of Plennm Publishing Corporation 227 West 17th Street, New York, N. Y. lOOn United Kingdom edition published by Plenum Press, London A Division of Plenum Publishing Company, Ltd. Donington House, 30 Norfolk Street, London W. C. 2, England No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher PREFACE We define biomagnetism broadly as the science of processes and functions in living organisms induced by static magnetic fields. Biomagnetic research has greatly increased since the publication of the first volume of this series. While much of this work has been reported in various international journals, there exists a need for this work to be collected together in one place. This book covers a rather wide area of research, both with respect to the strength of the field, ranging from "zero" to 150,000 oersteds, and with respect to the various specimens and their biological functions. It is designed primarly to help clarify the action of magnetic fields on biological systems with the hope of achieving a better understanding of the fundamental physiological processes occurring in them. In some chapters it is suggested that magnetic fields could ultimately be used in the treatment of disease. I would like to take this occasion to thank the contributors for their generous interest and willing cooperation. M. F. B. June 1969 Chicago, Illinois v CONTRIBUTORS Robert A. Abler, Varian Associates, Palo Alto, California (page 1). M. M. Alexandrovskaya, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neuro physiology, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (page 215). Jena M. Barnothy, Biomagnetic Research Foundation, Evanston, Illinois (page 61). Madeleine F. Barnothy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois (pages xi, 103). Robert O. Becker, State University of New York, Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse; Veterans Administration Hospital, Syracuse, New York (page 207). Dietrich E. Beischer, Naval Aerospace Medical Institute, Naval Aerospace Medical Center, Pensacola, Florida (page 241). Charles C. Conley, Experimental Pathology Branch, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California (page 29). Elton S. Cook, Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institutum Divi Thomae, Cincinnati, Ohio (pages 53,67). Leo D'Souza, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cin cinnati, Ohio (page 53). Douglas W. Dunlop, Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (page 147). John C. Fardon, Division of Biology and Experimental Medicine, Institutum Divi Thomae, Cincinnati, Ohio (page 67). W. P. Hambright, Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washing ton, D.C. (page 261). Garry D. Hanneman, Veterinary Medical Section, Civil Aeromedical Insti tute, Federal Aviation Administration, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (page 127). vii viii Contributors Harold G. Hedrick, Applied Science Laboratories, General Dynamics, Fort Worth, Texas (page 233). Jurinac A. Kholodov, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophy siology, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (page 215). Richard L. Liboff, Department of Applied Physics and Electrical Engineer ing, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York (page 171). Anatolii I. Likhachev, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR, Baku, USSR (page 137). S. N. Lukjanova, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiol ogy, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (page 215). Peter W. Neurath, Biophysics Division, Department of Therapeutic Radiol ogy, New England Medical Center Hospitals, Boston, Massachusetts (page 177). Leo G. Nutini, Division of Biology and Experimental Medicine, Institutum Divi Thomae, Cincinnati, Ohio (pages 53, 67). Robert W. Pumper, Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois (page 61). Vernon R. Reno, Division of Biology and Experimental Medicine, Institutum Divi Thomae, Cincinnati, Ohio (page 53). Dennis R. Russell, Applied Research Laboratories, General Dynamics, Fort Worth, Texas (pages 227, 233). Barbara L. Schmidt, Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (page 147). Frank E. Senftle, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C. (page 261). Istvan Siimegi, Dermatological Clinic, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden (page 103). Thomas R. Tegenkamp, Otterbein College, Westerville, Ohio (page 189). N. S. Udarova, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (page 215). Wei Young, Bio-Medical Division, Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, Uni versity of California, Livermore, California (page 79). CONTENTS Introduction .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Xl Madeleine F. Barnothy Magnets in Biological Research Robert A. Abler Effects of Near-Zero Magnetic Fields upon Biological Systems ... 29 Charles C. Conley The Effects of a Magnetic Field on DNA Synthesis by Ascites Sarcoma 37 Cells. .. . .. ...... .. ... . .... ... . . . . . . . . . ....... .. .. 53 Leo D'Souza, Vernon R. Reno, Leo G. Nutini, and Elton S. Cook The Effect of Strong Inhomogeneous Magnetic Fields on Serum-Free Cell Cultures ........................................ 61 R. W. Pumper and J. M. Barnothy Effects of Magnetic Fields on Cellular Respiration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Elton S. Cook, John C. Fardon, and Leo G. Nutini Magnetic Field and in situ Acetylocholinesterase in the Vagal Heart System.............................................. 79 Wei Young Effects of the Magnetic Field on Internal Organs and the Endocrine System of Mice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 103 M. F. Barnothy and I. Siimegi Changes in Sodium and Potassium Content of Urine from Mice Subjected to Intense Magnetic Fields .................. 127 G. D. Hanneman Changes in the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate of Rabbits Due to Exposure of the Central Nervous System to a Constant Magnetic Field ...................................... 137 A. I. Likhachev ix x Contents Sensitivity of Some Plant Material to Magnetic Fields 147 Douglas W. Dunlop and Barbara L. Schmidt Biomagnetic Hypotheses 171 Richard L. Liboff The Effect of High-Gradient, High-Strength Magnetic Fields on the Early Embryonic Development of Frogs ............... 177 Peter W. Neurath Mutagenic Effects of Magnetic Fields on Drosophila melanogaster 189 T. R. Tegenkamp The Effect of Magnetic Fields upon the Central Nervous System 207 Robert O. Becker Investigations of the Reactions of Mammalian Brain to Static Mag- netic Fields ......................................... 215 Ju. A. Kholodov, M. M. Alexandrovskaya, S. N. Lukjanova, and N. S. Udarova Effect of a Constant Magnetic Field on Invertebrate Neurons 227 D. R. Russell Preference of Mice to Consume Food and Water in an Environment of High Magnetic Field .............................. 233 D. R. Russell and H. G. Hedrick Vectorcardiogram and Aortic Blood Flow of Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) in a Strong Superconductive Electro- magnet ............................................. 241 Dietrich E. Beischer Magnetic Susceptibility of Biological Materials 261 F. E. Senftle and W. P. Hambright Index.. . .. ..... ... .. . ... . ....... . .... . .. .... . ... . ..... ...... 307 INTRODUCTION Madeleine F. Barnothy University of Illinois College of Pharmacy Chicago, Illinois Biological processes are mainly complex chemical reactions. Chemical properties result from the arrangement and motion of electrons and nuclei in molecules, as determined by the interactions of the magnetic and electric fields of these particles making up the molecules. The principles of chemistry and biology are therefore understood in terms of electrodynamics and quantum mechanics. These two theoretical tools enable us to analyze and interpret chemical reactions. Consequently, electric and magnetic fields would seem to be the natural experimental devices to be used to obtain information regarding the basic phenomena themselves. The biological medium in which these chemical reactions occur is a weakly conducting electrolyte; this makes it difficult to establish a strong electric field. External electric fields, therefore, seem to be restricted to the investigation of phenomena in which the current conduction is of semi conducting nature. This restriction does not apply to external magnetic fields because the medium is essentially non magnetizable. The applied magnetic field, therefore, is not affected by the continuum encountered in biological systems, and thus seems to be ideally suited to be used as a probe. In view of the very small energy which a magnetic field can impart to a biological system compared to the energy of thermal motion at room tem perature, it is not surprising that most of the established biomagnetic effects are observed in vivo, where a sort of built-in amplification mechanism in the living biological system is utilized. This mechanism, interposed between basic phenomena and the observed biomagnetic effect, complicates a clear interpretation of the fundamental process itself. Nevertheless, there is hope that when we have penetrated this new territory further, we will develop techniques and instruments which will enable us to observe the effects of magnetic fields on simpler systems. xi
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